Sipunculus nudus, also known as nudus nudus, is commonly known as "sand worm". Its shape is very similar to a intestine. It is long and cylindrical, with a body length of about 1 ~ 2 cm. It is naked and hairless, and the longitudinal muscles of the body wall are bundled, and each ring muscle is staggered to form a square lattice pattern. Although Sipunculus is not as valuable as sea cucumber, shark's fin and abalone, it tastes delicious and crisp, which is not as good as sea cucumber and shark's fin. Growing in the coastal beach, because it is very sensitive to the quality of the growing environment, it can not survive once it is polluted, so it is called "environmental marker organism"

living habits

sand worms

most sand worms lie horizontally in the sand, and the cave mouth is slightly sunken, so animals are frightened and quickly shrink into the depths and are not easy to be collected. In China, they are mainly distributed in Yantai, Huiquan Bay, Pingtan, Xiamen, Xiaoleng Island, Shatoujiao, Zhanjiang, Haikou, Baimajing, Qinglan Port, Beihai, Weizhou Island and Taiwan Province. Abroad: warm water in the world, distributed along the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean.

living environment

the sand worm is very sensitive to the quality of the growing environment, and once it is polluted, it can't survive, so it is called "environmental marker organism".

The living environment of sand worms is deteriorating. The results of a coastal survey in China in 1985 showed that Guangxi is the main producing area of Sipunculus nudus (commonly known as sand worms), and Beihai is also the main producing area of Guangxi, which is widely distributed in the middle and low tide areas and subtidal zones of coastal sandy beaches. The catchable resources area is over 153, mu, and the original storage resources are about 4,27 tons. Experts pointed out that due to unreasonable indiscriminate fishing, the phenomenon of electric fish frying, and worrying environmental pollution, the biomass has dropped sharply, the population structure has been distorted, the amount of catchable resources has dropped sharply, and the ecological balance has been destroyed to some extent. At the same time, because a large number of

sand worms eat every day, the sand worms are more than ten centimeters long, like fingers, and more like a small sausage. Because of their simple body structure, it is delicious to wash away the sand grains in the sand worms' intestines. To clean the worm, it is necessary to completely turn out the inside of the worm, remove the intestine full of sand, and then wash it carefully with clear water. In case the sand intestine is accidentally broken, the sand will seep into the meat, and it will be difficult to enter again.

People in Beihai think that sand worms are "tonic", and no matter how much they eat, they are suitable for all ages. The scientific view is that the worm is cold and sweet, which can nourish yin and reduce fire, clear lung and tonify deficiency, while the bigger the strip, the thicker the meat and the better the taste.

Although the worm itself has a delicate flavor, it is delicious when boiled in white water without adding ingredients. Zhanjiang people who regard the worm as a treasure still invented more than ten methods of worm, such as steaming the original strips, steaming garlic, salt and pepper, etc.

The cooking time of the worm is the most important thing. When the fire is big, the worm shrinks into a small strip and loses its crisp taste. When the fire is small, it cannot remove its fishy smell. The cooked sand worms are white and bulging, and they are very pleasing to the eye when they overlap on the plate. They bite crisp and sweet, and they are not inferior to expensive shark fins and sea cucumbers.

steamed sand worm with garlic

The original steamed sand worm is not modified, so it retains the freshness of sand worm to the greatest extent; Steamed with garlic vermicelli, garlic fragrance makes the sweet and sweet of worm meat more thorough and has a unique flavor.

materials: 25g of fresh worm, garlic, ginger, onion and proper amount of vermicelli.

Steps:

1. Soak the vermicelli in cold water and serve.

2. Wash the inside of the worm, marinate it with salt for 5 minutes, then rinse it with clear water and put it on the vermicelli.

3. Cut ginger and garlic into powder, add oil, a little salt, chicken essence and monosodium glutamate and mix well.

4. Sprinkle ginger and minced garlic on the worm.

5. When the water boils, put it in the pot, steam it for 8-1 minutes, and sprinkle with chopped green onion.

Advantages: The worm steamed in this way is not only delicious, but also the ginger and garlic can remove the silt smell of the worm itself and taste original.

worm porridge

worm porridge is very popular with Beihai people. The method of cooking worm porridge is very particular. The first procedure is to cut the sand worms and remove the internal organs. Instead of using a knife, the sandworm is cut with a wooden stick with a diameter of two or three millimeters, one end is sharpened, and the whole sandworm is turned over, which is called a sandworm. This is a unique skill of coastal people. If outsiders don't understand it, the worm will die. Therefore, the sand-turning worm should be quick and accurate. After sand removal, the worm should be soaked in clear water, and then returned to the wok with seasoning once, and then the worm should be put into the cooked porridge and cooked for ten minutes on slow fire.

Steps:

1. Wash the sand worms, because the sand worms live in the sand in coastal areas, so when washing the sand worms, pinch off the small tail at one end of the sand worms, rub it inside and clean the sand inside.

2. Put it in a pot and oil it. When you smell the fragrance, it will be slightly burnt.

3. Soak the exploded dried worm in water (about 5 minutes) and take it out.

4. Put the worm, lean meat and rice into the pot, and add some onions and other seasonings when it is almost cooked.

eat the worm raw

eat the worm raw and dip it in mustard

nutritional value

worm is not beautiful, but its nutrition, taste, medicine and dietotherapy value are no less than other rare seafood treasures, so it is known as "beach sausage". Worm meat is crisp and tender, delicious and nutritious, rich in protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, iron and other nutrients, especially the taste, which is better than sea cucumber and shark's fin. Because sea cucumber and shark's fin have no taste, you must add ingredients such as chicken or lean meat when cooking, otherwise it will be boring. The worm has a delicious taste, and there is no need to add other ingredients. It is very distinctive when eaten alone or fresh. Apart from the favorite food of urban and rural residents, it is also a rare delicacy in hotels and restaurants. Sandworm also has high medicinal efficacy and dietotherapy value. The worm is rich in nutrition, which is rich in protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine and other nutrients, and has high medicinal and dietetic value. It is salty and cold, and has the functions of nourishing yin to reduce fire, tonifying deficiency and clearing lung, lowering blood pressure, treating dampness and preventing cancer. It is cold, sweet and salty, and has the effects of nourishing yin, reducing fire, clearing away lung heat and tonifying deficiency. According to the medical records, it is best to eat sand worms if there are symptoms such as bone steaming hot flashes, night sweats due to yin deficiency, cough and asthma due to lung deficiency, chest tightness and excessive phlegm, and lack of postpartum milk for women. For tuberculosis, cough, neurasthenia, spleen deficiency or dryness in children, it is effective to drink lean broth with worm and ginger slices. Because the worm nourishes yin and tonifies the kidney, and children suffer from frequent nocturnal urination due to kidney deficiency, cooking worm porridge can get good curative effect. Therefore, the worm is a nutritious and dietetic product suitable for all ages.

Special functions: kidney and stomach protection, body strengthening, yang strengthening, beauty and skin moistening, etc. Especially for the elderly and children with nocturnal enuresis and weak renal function, porridge is cooked for a period of time in the morning and evening to ensure strong renal function and rosy complexion. Long-term consumption can strengthen the body, tonify vital energy, enhance immunity, prolong life and make the skin more transparent and shiny. It is the best in the world and has won unanimous praise from many consumers in society for many years.

digging sand worms

It's in the North Sea of Beibu Gulf, which is rich in sand worms. Every day, we can see groups of women digging sand worms on the beach after low tide. What is puzzling is that despite years of digging, the local sand worms have maintained a relatively stable output. In shatian town, Hepu County, Beihai City, thousands of women dig sand worms on the beach every day. A woman told reporters that they are digging sand worms in "their own beach". Every April and May, they buy seedlings from the coast of Vietnam and raise them in the enclosed beaches. Generally, they can harvest them in six or seven months. Now it is the mining season, and they can dig more than 1 kilograms every day. There is a wide area in the North Sea where sand worms can breed and inhabit, and sand worms can be found on the coastal beaches from Dadun Sea to shatian town Sea in Hepu County. Every day at low tide, fishermen along the coast of these sea areas go to the beach with tools such as hoes, shovels and shovels to dig sand worms, which has become an important economic source for local coastal people.

It's not easy to dig the sand worm out of the sea sand, and it depends on skillful kung fu with quick eyes and quick hands. The villagers kept knocking on the low tide sand with a hoe in their hands. After several knocks, she immediately used the hoe to dig, and quickly pulled out the sand worms. Asked about the trick, she said that when the sand worms get into the sand, there will always be a sand channel, which is difficult to see with the naked eye. Therefore, if you hit the beach surface with a hoe, the sand worms in the sand will go down when they are disturbed, and water will spill out of the sand channel. Judging whether the sand is a sand worm or a car snail according to the water column, we can dig it before the sand worm escapes and catch the sand worm.

There are many coastal villagers digging sand worms on the coastal beaches, some with hoes and some with shovels. To dig a worm, you must first look at the worm hole, then be quick with your hands and feet and dig quickly, otherwise the worm will drill deep into the ground and it will be difficult to catch it again.

When the sea began to rise, the villagers who dug sand worms went to the shore one after another, and the buyers who had been waiting for a long time on the shore were busy. When the buyer buys the worm, they first pour it out and put it on a sand net, then start to choose, pick out the small, dead and broken ones and return them to the worm digger, and finally buy it at the price of one kilogram of 24 yuan. The price of purchasing fresh worms is different every day, mainly based on market conditions. It is understood that in the southern coast of Beihai, hundreds of buyers go to the seaside to buy fresh sand worms every day, with an average of 35 kilograms per person per day, sometimes as high as more than 6 kilograms per day, and a large number of fresh sand worms are eaten or made into dried products every day.

Chen Meichang, a 6-year-old villager, laments that the sand worms are becoming scarce, and at the same time misses the environment in the 197s. "At that time, there were so many sand worms on this beach. If a family had three laborers, it could sell 5 kilograms of dry sand worms on a three-day polder (only about 5-1 grams of live sand worms weighed after drying). At that time, the men in the village also joined the ranks of digging sand worms. They had the strength to dig out several sand worms with a shovel. Once in the sea, you can dig about 1 kilograms of sand worms. " She said that at that time, the price of one kilogram of dried sand worms was around 2 yuan, which made many villagers earn "big money". Due to the depletion of the worm resources, most of the male laborers in the village go out to do other money-making work at present, leaving only women to dig worms, and at most they can only dig half a kilogram of live worms a day.

Dried worm

Dried worm is a local specialty that Beihai locals like very much. The usual price of dried worms is 3-4 yuan per catty. At 6-7 yuan per catty during the Spring Festival.

Dried sand by the worm: firstly, the worm cuts off the worm with scissors, and then brushes the sand inside with a toothbrush. Never wet it. Then burn the wok red, put a little oil, not too much, put the worm in the wok and fry it, turn on a small fire, and be careful to paste it. When the worm is a little curly, you can take it out with chopsticks. Finally, wash it with water quickly, then soak it in water, and there will still be sand sinking to the bottom. When cooking soup or porridge, take out the worm, pour the water soaked in the worm into the soup and cook together. Be careful of the sand at the bottom of the bowl. This is the basic way to get rid of sand by worms.

Note: Never soak the worms that have not been fried yellow directly, otherwise the boiled worm soup will have no delicious taste.

identification and selection: the sandworms are classified as abalone. The sandworms with top quality are generally 8 to 11 cm long and very dry, but the worms with non-ordinary quality are sticky when caught. The worm body is light beige (not dark yellow or dark), with clear lines and a little luster, and there is no viscera residue. When caught in the hand, it feels that the worm meat is very thick, and there will be less sand after soaking, but 4 to 6 cm long. Because it is difficult to handle, there will be a lot of sand residue. But the above two are the best seafood that Guangxi Beihai people like most and can afford.

Practice: Worms and anything can be cooked, and their sweet taste can be brought out. After being dried, they can be fried, fried, stewed, stewed or boiled in soup. The boiled soup is as white as milk, with extremely delicious taste and high concentration, and is known as "natural monosodium glutamate". Deep-fried crisp rosin is crisp, which is a delicious food for drinking. Boil soup, porridge, fried and steamed.

storage: please store in the refrigerator.

breeding of sand worms

pond culture methods

1. Pond conditions

Generally, the area of a breeding pond is 3-5 mu, rectangular or square, with a water depth of 8-12 cm. The sediment quality is better, with a sediment content of more than 7%, and it is required to be loose and thick. The dike is firm and durable, and the water retention of the pond is good, which can naturally drain the pond water. The water source is sufficient, the water quality is good, and there is no inflow of industrial and domestic sewage nearby.

2. Preparation before breeding

1. Cleaning and disinfection of the pond. After the insects are collected, the dry pond is closed, the dike is trimmed, and the bottom of the pond is removed. The pond is surrounded by circular ditches with a width of 5 cm, and the pond is divided into blocks with a width of 2 cm ~ 25 cm, and a ditch with a width of 5 cm is left between blocks for drainage and operation. After turning and raking the soil, the surface of the culture block is flattened and polished with wooden boards, and pressed into a "road shape" from both sides to the center, so as not to make the area of the block water. The leveled pond should be coated with drugs 1 days before stocking, and bleaching powder can be used to make emulsion and sprinkle it all over the pond, with the dosage of 8 kg ~ 1 kg per mu.

2. store water to cultivate basic bait after the effective period of fertilizer and water. The water inlet is filtered by 8 mesh sieve bag, and the water is 4 cm ~ 5 cm. Fermented farmyard manure can be used as fertilizer water, and the dosage is 2 kg per mu, which is spread on the surface of the culture block, or 3 kg of nitrogen fertilizer and 1 kg of phosphorus fertilizer are applied per mu. Conditional farmers use organic fertilizer mixed with microbial agents, and the effect is better.

Third, the management of stocking and breeding of larvae

The stocking time of worm seedlings is mainly around Tomb-Sweeping Day every year, with 5 kilograms of seedlings per mu, with specifications of more than 4 per kilogram. The stocked larvae require individuals to be intact and the color is dark brown. The stocking should be carried out in sunny days, the salinity of seawater in the pond is about 25‰, and the salinity difference between the aquaculture water and the seedling should not exceed 5‰. The suitable stocking density of fry is 3 per square meter. Before stocking, calculate the number of fry needed in the pond, then spread the fry evenly on the surface of the culture block and let them naturally drill into the sediment.

The larvae of the worm enter the cultivation management after stocking. Regularly check the surface of the breeding block and dredge the ditch regularly. After stocking for 2 ~ 3 days, go to the pond to check the survival rate of stocking seedlings. If it is found that the survival rate is low, the seedlings should be replenished immediately. Every week, I will go to the pond for inspection, and the ditches and dams should be regularly cared for. In summer, the ditches should be dredged in time, and the block surface should be leveled into a "road shape", so as to make the block surface firm and form a stable living environment, which is convenient for the growth of Sipunculus nudus. During typhoons and heavy rains, the proportion of seawater in aquaculture ponds often drops sharply. Therefore, the pond water should be drained in time after the rain, and fresh seawater should be added at high tide to prevent Sipunculus nudus from dying due to the low proportion of seawater.

pay attention to adjusting the water level according to the climate change in different seasons during the cultivation period. The weather is warm and shallow in spring and autumn, hot in summer and cold in winter to deepen the water level. Generally, the water is changed once a week, and the pond is dried for 2 to 3 days every month. By using the machine of drying the pond, the fish, shrimp, crab and Enteromorpha can be removed from the pond.

Sandworms feed on benthic diatoms and organic debris. During the culture period, according to the situation of the pond, appropriate fertilization can be carried out to breed algae or some artificial bait can be fed as supplementary bait.