go to Hainan. Overview of Hainan

Hainan Province is located at the southernmost tip of China, bounded by Qiongzhou Strait to the north, Beibu Gulf to the west, Taiwan Province Province to the east, and the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia to the southeast and south in the South China Sea. The administrative areas of Hainan Province include Hainan Island, the islands and reefs of Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands and Nansha Islands and their sea areas. The total land area of the province (including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35, square kilometers, and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers. Hainan Island is shaped like an oval Sydney with a northeast to southwest direction, with a total area of 33,9 square kilometers (excluding satellite island), making it the second largest island in China after Taiwan Province Island. Qiongzhou Strait, which is separated from Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong Province, is about 18 nautical miles wide, and Zengmu shoal in Nansha Islands is the southernmost territory of China.

Hainan Province-On April 13th, 1988, the first session of the Seventh National People's Congress passed the Decision on Establishing Hainan Province and the Resolution on Establishing Hainan Special Economic Zone; On April 26th, 1988, Hainan Provincial Party Committee and Hainan Provincial People's Government were officially listed. Since then, Hainan has become the youngest province and the largest special economic zone in China, and its development has entered a brand-new historical period. China, a bright pearl in the South China Sea, is the second largest island in China after Taiwan Province. China has the smallest land area and the largest ocean area. Provincial capital: Haikou. The total land area is 33,92 square kilometers, the forest area is 1,714,7 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is 51%. Tropical natural forests, which account for about half of the forest area in the province, have been completely stopped from logging since 1994 for protection and restoration. The main tree species in the plantation are rubber, eucalyptus, Casuarina equisetifolia, acacia, foreign pine, mango, longan, litchi, coconut, betel nut and other tropical fruit trees. The main forest by-products are tropical fruits, paper chips, rubber and rubber materials, turpentine, southern medicine and so on. Hainan is located in the tropics, between 18 degrees 37 minutes east longitude, -111 degrees 5 minutes north latitude, 18 degrees 1 minutes, and -2 degrees 1 minutes. The average annual temperature is 23-25 C, the coldest February is 16-2 C, the hottest August is 25-29 C, and the average annual precipitation is 15mm. Long summer without winter. When the northern country is frozen thousands of miles away, it is still warm and warm here, and you can take a sea bath. The island covers an area of about 34, square kilometers and has a population of 7 million, including about 1.2 million ethnic minorities such as Li, Miao and Hui.

Hainan Island is at the same latitude as Hawaii in the United States, and there are tourist resources that can be developed and built into a world-class tourist destination along the coast of 1,528 kilometers. The climate on the island is pleasant all year round, and there are abundant minerals, animals and plants, especially oil and natural gas. The tropical rain forests and mangroves are rare forest types in China, and they are the ideal places to carry out scientific research, tourism and teaching. There are 4,2 species of plants found, accounting for 15% of the national plant species, and nearly 6 species are endemic to Hainan. Among the 4,2 species of plants, there are more than 1,4 species of trees and shrubs, accounting for 28.6% of the national species of trees and shrubs, of which more than 8 species are timber trees with high economic value; There are more than 25 kinds of medicinal plants, accounting for about 3% of the national medicinal plants, including 137 kinds of plants with anticancer effect; 142 kinds of fruit trees; 89 species of oil plants; There are nearly 2 other economic plants. There are 14 species of reptiles in wild animals, accounting for 29.5% of the country; There are 76 species of mammals, accounting for 18.6% of the country. Hainan's rich biology occupies a very significant position in China, and protecting biodiversity is one of the key tasks of Hainan forestry. At present, there are 58 species of plants under state protection, including 1 species in the first grade, 19 species in the second grade and 38 species in the third grade. There are 133 species of protected animals, including 14 species at the national level, 87 species at the second level and 32 species at the provincial level.

Hainan Province is located in Asia, in the middle of the Pacific Economic Circle, with Qiongzhou Strait in the north and Leizhou Peninsula opposite, including Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, islands and reefs of zhongsha islands and their territorial waters. There are Wuzhishan, Limuling mountains and terraces in the middle, surrounded by plains with different widths. The island has modern facilities such as Haikou meilan airport and Sanya Phoenix Airport, which have become one of the top ten airports in China, the expressway around the island, and high-star hotels all over the province, providing people with high-grade food, accommodation, transportation, sightseeing, shopping and entertainment. The suitable climate and excellent beaches make this place full of ideal bathing beaches and summer resorts, such as Luhuitou, Yalong Bay, Dadonghai and Tianya Haijiao in Sanya, Xiuying Sea in Haikou, Qinglan Bay in Wenchang, Changpo in qionghai city, the north and south coasts of Tongguling, Monkey Island in Lingshui County, Fish Scale Island in Dongfang County and Shimei Bay in Wanning City. There are also wonders of volcanic eruption along the coast (such as Guilinyang underwater village in Qiongshan City and Ma 'anling lava cave) and mangrove coastal landscape. Monkey Island in Nanwan, Lingshui County is often talked about. Wuzhishan is the highest peak in Hainan Island, which is extraordinarily magnificent. The former site of Qiongya Column in Qiongzhong is the memorial site of modern revolution. Li nationality is only distributed in Hainan Island, with a population of more than 1.2 million. They are good at textile, printing and dyeing, clothing and food with distinctive national characteristics, and have become the most important ethnic custom tourism resources in Hainan.

Hainan Island's charming seawater, snow-white beaches, bright sunshine, charming underwater world and legendary ethnic customs will surely make you linger. The four seasons here are like spring, flowers are in full bloom, melons and fruits are fragrant, sunshine, beaches, sea water and air, as well as the amorous and charming Li Miao girl, Xinglong Kangle Hot Spring, all of which exude the special charm of this tropical island.

II. Geography and Climate

Topography

Hainan Island is low and flat around and high in the middle, with Wuzhishan and Yinggeling as the core of the uplift and gradually descending to the periphery. Mountains, hills, terraces and plains form a circular layered landform with obvious cascade structure.

location and territory:

Hainan province is located at the southernmost tip of China, bounded by the Qiongzhou Strait to the north, the Beibu Gulf to the west and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to the east, the South China Sea to the east and Taiwan Province Province to the southeast and south. The administrative areas of Hainan Province include Hainan Island, the islands and reefs of Xisha Islands, zhongsha islands and Nansha Islands and their sea areas. The total land area of the province (including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35, square kilometers, and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers. Hainan Island is shaped like an oval Sydney with a northeast to southwest direction, with a total area of 33,9 square kilometers (excluding satellite island), making it the second largest island in China after Taiwan Province Island. Qiongzhou Strait, which is separated from Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong Province, is about 18 nautical miles wide, and Zengmu shoal in Nansha Islands is the southernmost territory of China.

Mountains and rivers:

Most of the mountains in Hainan Island are between 5 and 8 meters, with 81 peaks over 1 meters above sea level. The peaks over 15 meters above sea level include Wuzhishan, Ying Ge Mountain, Ozong Mountain, Monkey Hill, Yajialing Mountain and Diaoluo Mountain. These mountains are generally divided into three major mountains: Wuzhishan Mountain is located in the middle of Hainan Island, with the main peak at an altitude of 1867.1 meters, which is the highest peak in Hainan Island; Ying Ge Mountain Range is located in the northwest of Wuzhishan, with the main peak at an altitude of 1811.6 meters. The mountain range of Yajialing is located in the west of the island, with the main peak at an altitude of 1519.1 meters. Most of the relatively large rivers in Hainan Island originate from the central mountainous area and form a radial water system. There are 154 rivers flowing into the sea alone, among which Nandujiang, Changhuajiang and Wanquan River are the three major rivers in Hainan Island, and their drainage areas account for 47% of the total area of the island.

Most of the mountains in Hainan Island are between 5 and 8 meters, which are actually hilly and low mountains. There are 81 peaks over 1 meters above sea level, which become a long wall rolling over low hills. The peaks over 15m above sea level include Wuzhishan, Ying Ge Ridge, Ozong Ridge, Monkey Ridge, Yaga Ridge and Diaoluo Mountain. These mountains are generally divided into three mountains. Wuzhishan Mountain is located in the middle of Hainan Island, with the main peak at an altitude of 1867.1 meters, which is the highest mountain in Hainan Island. Ying Ge Mountain Range is located in the northwest of Wuzhishan, with the main peak at an altitude of 1811.6 meters. The mountain range of Yajialing is located in the west of the island, with the main peak at an altitude of 1519.1 meters.

Hainan Island is high in the middle and low in the surrounding areas. Most of the relatively large rivers originate in the central mountainous area and form a radial water system. There are 154 rivers flowing into the sea alone on the island, of which 38 have a water surface of more than 1 square kilometers. Nandujiang River, Changhuajiang River and Wanquan River are the three major rivers in Hainan Island, and the basin area of the three major rivers accounts for 47% of the total island area. Nandujiang River originates from Nanfeng Mountain, Baisha County, obliquely passes through the northern part of the island, and reaches Haikou City, with a total length of 311 kilometers. Changhua River originates from Kongshiling, Qiongzhong County, traverses the western part of Hainan Island, and reaches Changhua Port, with a total length of 23 kilometers. The upper reaches of Wanquan River are divided into north and south branches, which originate from Wuzhishan and Fengmenling in Qiongzhong County, respectively. The two branches flow to Hekouzui, Longjiang, qionghai city, and enter the sea at Boao Port, with a total length of 163 kilometers.

Climate and precipitation:

Hainan is the place with the most tropical maritime climate characteristics in China. It is warm and hot all year round, with abundant rainfall, obvious dry and wet seasons, strong normal winds, frequent tropical storms and typhoons and diverse climate resources. The annual total solar radiation in Hainan Island is about 11-14 kcal/cm2, the annual sunshine hours are 175-265 hours, the annual average temperature is between 23-25 degrees Celsius, and there is no winter all year round. There is abundant rainfall in most areas, and the annual average rainfall of the whole island is above 16 mm. The central and eastern coastal areas are humid areas, the southwestern coastal areas are semi-dry areas, and other areas are semi-humid areas. The seasonal distribution of rainfall is uneven, with drought in winter and spring, and more rainfall in summer and autumn, and the illumination rate is 5- 6%. According to the region, the sunshine hours are the most in the western coastal areas and the least in the central mountainous areas; According to the season, according to the order of summer, spring, autumn and winter, from more to less. The annual average temperature is between 23 and 25 degrees Celsius, which is lower in the central mountainous area and higher in the southwest. There is no winter in the whole year, and it is coldest in January and February, with an average temperature of 16-24 degrees Celsius, and the average extreme low temperature is mostly above 5 degrees Celsius. In summer, the average temperature is the highest from mid-March to early November, and from July to August, at 25-29 degrees Celsius. West, south and zhongsha islands belong to tropical marine climate, with long summer and no winter, and the annual average gas temperature is 26.5 degrees Celsius. There is abundant rainfall in most parts of Hainan Island, with an average annual rainfall of over 1,6 mm.. The east is wet and the west is dry. The rainy center is located in the mountainous area east of central China, with an annual rainfall of about 2-24 mm, and the annual rainfall in the western rainless area is about 1-12 mm. The seasonal distribution of rainfall is uneven. Winter and spring are dry, and the dry season lasts for 6 to 7 months from November to April and May of the following year. There is a lot of rainfall in summer and autumn. May to October is the rainy season. The total rainfall in the rainy season is about 15mm, accounting for 7-9% of the annual rainfall. The rain sources include frontal rain, hot thunderstorm and typhoon rain. The humidity in Hainan Island is high throughout the year, and the annual average water vapor pressure is about 23 hectopascals (Qiongzhong) to 26 hectopascals (Sanya). The central and eastern coastal areas are humid areas, the southwestern coastal areas are semi-dry areas, and other areas are semi-humid areas.

IV. Customs and customs of Hainan

Hainan Island is the only tropical island province in China, which is called "a few unpolluted pure lands" in the world. There are four seasons on the island, and the forest coverage rate exceeds 5%. Hainan is a colorful world, with five tourism elements: sunshine, sea water, beach, green and air, and has a unique natural scenery of tropical islands.

Unique ethnic customs

Ethnic customs

Residents of Hainan Province belong to Han, Li, Miao, Hui, Tibetan, Yi, Zhuang, Man, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tai, Wa, She, Shui, Jing, Tu, Mongolia, Buyi, North Korea, and so on. Living in the world are Li, Miao, Hui, Han and other ethnic groups. For thousands of years, the primitive and unique ethnic customs have made the social features of the island more colorful. Among them, the most distinctive is the living customs of the Li and Miao nationalities. According to historical records, the Li nationality is an indigenous people in Hainan. As early as ancient times, Li compatriots plowed and burned on this land, and their national customs were simple and honest. They have long been famous for their unique national culture and gorgeous brocade techniques. Li compatriots mainly live in the foothills with relatively flat terrain or river basins in Wuzhishan area. The villages vary in size and are patchwork. The low thatched cottage is hidden between the tightly packed coconut trees and Penang coconut trees, and the gaps between the trees are surrounded by small vegetable fields with bamboo fences, and all kinds of vegetables are delicate and dripping. The clear stream flows in front of the house, giving people the feeling of "walking into a mountain villa". Penang coconut is a valuable gift for Li to visit relatives and friends, and the number < P > indicates the affection.

native products

ethnic handicrafts: horn carving, rattan, Hainan red beans, wood painting, wood carving and root carving series products

gold ornaments and jewelry: striped beads, diamond beads, Buddha beads, crescent beads, Qiongzhu, seawater pearls, rock crystal

tropical preserved fruits and fresh fruits: coffee, pepper, beef jerky, deer products. Sugar palm, red coconut, durian, longan, mango, ginseng fruit, papaya, banana, Malay grape, carambola, cashew nut, mangosteen, egg fruit, lemon, sour bean, egg yolk fruit, monkey bread, passion fruit, mysterious fruit, olive and betel nut

The top four traditional dishes. According to legend, Wenchang Chicken was originally from Tianci Village, Tanniu Town, a local village where banyan trees grow, the seeds of which are rich in nutrition, and domestic chickens peck at them, making them in excellent health. Wenchang chicken is characterized by its small size, weighing about 1.5 kg, bright coat, short wings and feet, round and flat body, thin and smooth skin and fat meat. Hainan people eat Wenchang chicken, the traditional way is to chop it (also called "white cut"), which can best reflect the original flavor of Wenchang chicken, which is delicious, tender and smooth. At the same time, cooked rice with chicken oil and chicken soup is commonly known as "chicken rice" Hainan people call it "eating chicken rice", which includes boiled chicken. White-chopped Wenchang chicken is used in Hainan for banquets, light meals or family dishes. It is highly respected and famous in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia.

jiaji duck, one of the "four famous dishes", commonly known as "muscovy duck", was introduced from abroad by overseas Chinese of Qiong nationality in the early years. It was first bred in Jiaji Town, qionghai city, and the muscovy duck raised by a Ding resident in Jiaxiang Street of this town is the most famous. The duck breeding method is particularly particular: firstly, the duckling is fed with freshwater fish and shrimp or earthworms and cockroaches, and after about two months, when the duckling's feathers first appear, it is kept in a small circle to narrow its range of activities, and it is mixed with rice and rice bran and kneaded into small lumps to feed, and then it grows into a meat duck in 2 days. It is characterized by thick duck meat, white and crisp skin, and a thin layer of fat between the skin and meat, which is particularly sweet. There are many cooking methods for jiaji duck, but "white chop" (also known as "white cut") is the most famous because it can best reflect the original flavor.

Hele Crab, one of the "four famous dishes", is produced in Hele Town, Wanning County, Hainan Province. It is famous for its hard shell and fat paste, and ranks as one of the four famous products in Hainan along with Wenchang Chicken, Heji Duck and Dong Goat. "Hele Crab" has a variety of cooking methods, such as steaming, boiling, frying and roasting, all of which have their own characteristics, especially "steaming", which not only keeps the original flavor fresh, but also keeps the beauty of the original color.

Hainan Dong goat, one of the "four famous dishes", has a local flavor. Dongshan mutton, a specialty of Wanning Dongshanling, is mixed with various spices and seasonings.