Mianshan Taoist music has grown with the development of Mianshan Taoism. It has extremely rich connotations and can be roughly divided into two parts. One part is Tao music with local characteristics, also known as "local music". ", and the other part is Tao music that combines palace style, also known as "Dharma music". Taoist music, as a form of preaching, etiquette, and Taoist practice, exists in Taoist rituals. Its functions are: to pray for blessings and welcome auspiciousness, to relieve misfortunes and eliminate filth, and to provide food to survive the dead. It is divided into two categories: yang things and yin things.
In the past, Taoist priests, forced to make a living, often cooperated with other Taoist priests outside the palace to set up rituals in the homes of believers. Therefore, some fixed and customary songs were spread, such as: "Pu'an Curse" in Yang Shi " (four pieces), "Accounts" (two pieces), "Water Red Flowers" (general), "Da Zouma" (three pieces), "Zhu Ma Pavilion" (four pieces), and "Scolding the Fisherman" are called "Six Pieces". "Ten Suites of Songs" are filled with scriptures to relieve believers from disasters and pray for good fortune. The repertoire of "Underworld China" includes: "One Lamp", "Ten Sins", "Ten Repayments", "Eternal Refuge", "All Nameless", "One Pillar of Morality", "Five-tone Praise", etc. The purpose is to save the souls of the dead , The home is settled and the land is settled, so that the deceased can leave hell early and achieve enlightenment. Most of these repertoire were transmitted orally and by heart, and many of them have been lost.
In the Tang Dynasty, because the Taoist ancestor Li Dan and the royal family both had the surname Li, especially Li Shimin defeated the Turkic Khan Liu Wu and the Zhou general Song Jingang in the Queshu Valley near Mianshan, laying a solid foundation for the Li and Tang dynasties. After the foundation, in order to promote the divine right of kings, many palaces and temples were built in Mianshan. During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong visited Mianshan, built a temple, built a ritual ceremony, and worshiped the gods, which made the development of Taoism in Mianshan flourish. The "Dharma music" with a strong court style has also become the characteristic of Mianshan Tao music and has been passed down to this day.
In 1995, Yan Jiying, a famous entrepreneur in Shanxi Province, chairman of Shanxi Sanjia Coal Chemical Co., Ltd. and a great philanthropist, invested huge sums of money to restore Mianshan, including more than 80 palaces and more than 2,000 Taoist statues. ; The Jiexiu City Taoist Association was listed in Mianshan Daluo Palace; and the Mianshan Religious Band was established to collect and organize Mianshan Taoist music, standardize Taoist Taoist rituals, and make Mianshan Taoist culture broad and profound after years of unremitting efforts. Restored; on May 21, 2001, under the guidance of the China Taoist Association, Mianshan successfully launched the largest "Luotian Dajiao" Dharma Assembly since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The melodious, solemn and elegant Mianshan Taoist music has won domestic It was unanimously praised by non-Taoist colleagues and friends from Singapore, South Korea, France, Germany, the Netherlands and other places. Min Zhiting, president of the China Taoist Association, was filled with emotion when facing the restored Mianshan. He happily wrote "Wonderland on earth, The inscription "Famous Taoist Mountain". The management model of the Mianshan Buddhist Group is known as the "Mianshan Model", and the China Taoist Association once issued a call to "learn from the Mianshan Buddhist Group".
Mianshan Taoist music is called "Mianshan Fairy Music" by the world. Its style is quiet and elegant, with emphasis on rhyme instead of brilliance. The melody is rich in dynamics, the rhyme is refined, and it has a strong religious flavor. Mianshan Taoist music has obvious modal characteristics of heavy palace sounds; it shows its solemnity, tranquility and stability. Listening to Mianshan Taoist music is like being in a pure fairyland, which makes the body and mind quiet and the energy and pulse harmonious. The musical instruments of Mianshan Taoist music include: clang, cymbals, fish, bells, cymbals, cymbals, drums, and chimes; the instruments played include: sheng, Xiao, pipe, flute, pottery xun, suona, gong, dulcimer, guzheng, pipa, Zhong Ruan, Da Ruan, Yueqin, Sanxian, Erhu, Gaohu, Zhonghu, Low Hu, Western instruments. Mianshan Taoist music has rich melodies. The yang rhyme is solemn, bright and solemn, while the yin rhyme is melodious, sad and mournful. According to its use, it can be divided into "fasi Dao music" and "folk Dao music": Buddhist Dao music refers to the performance of Taoist rituals. The Tao music used at that time includes an integral part of the previous part; folk Tao music is called "paizi" or "playing music", which is similar to the "instrumental music pai" of folk music. It is a fusion of local folk music and is used in ritual dojos. On occasions such as burning incense and worshiping before and after the opening of the altar, or performing high-level prayers in the ritual dojo, this type of Taoist music is clear and lively, and is very popular among believers. The Mianshan Religious Band continues to improve and strives to make progress, and has created and adapted a large number of Taoist music with the characteristics of Mianshan His repertoire, such as: "Praise to Hunyuan", "Praise to Sending Flowers", "Daluo Xianle", "Autumn Moon over Mianshan", "Charm of Mianshan", "Praise to Jie Gong", "Feixian Song", etc., have been highly praised by Taoist circles and relevant experts. Appreciated. It has made fruitful contributions in inheriting and carrying forward Chinese traditional culture.
The god of Mianshan is Jie Zitui. Liu Xiang's "Biography of Immortals" of the Western Han Dynasty records: "The person who recommended Jie was named Wang Guang, and he was from Jin Dynasty. He remained anonymous and liked Zhao Chengzi to travel with him. Whenever there was a yellow bird on the door, Jin Wen Gong heard it differently and went out with him. After staying away for more than ten years, he worked tirelessly. When he came back, Jie Shan's uncle often came to tell him, "It's time to go." He pushed his mother away and went to the mountains. Later, Duke Wen sent thousands of people to offer jade and silk gifts to her, and she stayed there. Thirty years later, I saw Wang Su selling fans on the East China Sea. In the next few decades, I didn't know where it was. "The Emperor Shi Le of the Later Zhao Dynasty ordered the construction of the "Jie Temple" and called it the "Mighty God of Heaven" to specialize in spreading clouds. Rain inspects the sufferings of the people and helps them solve their problems. Another god in Mianshan is Yuchigong. Gong joined the army at the end of the Sui Dynasty and was awarded the official title of Chaosan for his merits. Later, he was appointed as a partial general of Dingyang Khan by the Turks and stayed in Jiezhou (today's Jiexiu City). It was an extraordinary period at that time, and staying behind was equivalent to a county magistrate. In the third year of Wude in the Tang Dynasty (620), King Li Shimin of Qin and Song Jingang of the Zhou tribe of Yang Khan, Liu Wu, who was entrusted by the Turks, were defeated in the battles of Mianshan Queshu Valley and Dusuoyuan, and returned to the Tang Dynasty. He made a significant contribution to assisting Li Shimin in achieving the "Zhenguan Dynasty".
During this period, there were many activities in the Mianshan area, leaving traces and legends such as "Dianjiangtai", "Tingling Lane", "Ma Pao Spring", "Ma Peishi" and so on. In his later years, he believed in Taoist alchemy and was regarded as the "door god".
The Buddha of Mianshan is Tan Luan, an eminent monk in the Northern Wei Dynasty and a pioneer of the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism. After receiving the true transmission of Bodhiliuzhi from the eminent Indian monk Bodhiliuzhi in Luoyang, the Emperor of Wei "ordered him to live in the big temple in Bingzhou. Later he moved to Yuanzhong Temple in Shibi Mountain, Beishan, Fenzhou. At that time, he went to the Yin of Jieshan Mountain to gather disciples and pursue his career. It is now known as Luangongyan." ( See "The Biography of Eminent Monks of the Tang Dynasty") "Big Temple", "Fenzhou Prefecture Chronicles" and "Shanxi General Chronicles" are called "Dayan Temple". According to the records of "Dayan Temple Rock Master Ming Ancient Mirror" in Longqing Ming Dynasty in Wulonglin, Mianshan, Dayan Temple is Baofi Temple (now named Yunfeng Temple). There was originally the "Tomb of Monk Tanluan" on Loess Slope of Mianshan Mountain. (See the book "Pure Land Ancient Temple Xuanzhong Temple"). Luan Gong was honored as "Bodhisattva" by King Xiao of Liang Dynasty, and he was already a Buddha in the minds of the world. Another Buddha in Mianshan is Zhichao, an eminent monk in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The monk's surname is Tian. He ran away from home to resist the exploitation of the ruffian government and pray for the people. In the fifth year of Emperor Wude's reign in the Tang Dynasty, he entered Jieshan and founded a gathering of Zen monks. The name of the rock was Baobin... He also established the "Guangyan Temple" in Jiexiu County, Fenzhou, and later became a Zhengguo. It is said that he was one of the Buddhas in the past life - the ancient Buddha of King Kong. His incarnation was a "Zen Lin Great Virtue" who hated evil as much as he wanted to, was brave in doing good, and did good deeds wherever he went. After his death, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, decreed that he was named "King Kong Ancient Buddha". , was the earliest Buddhist among the Han people.
The above gods and Buddhas are believed to be from Jin Dynasty (one is said to be Pei Jie of Xia County, another is said to be Jiexiu Xiaosong Qu, and the other is said to be Qinzhou Tongtan. ); Yu Chigong was from Shanyang, Suzhou (now Suzhou); Tan Luan was from Yanmen (now Daixian County); and Zhichao was from Yuanchuo. They were all living people who once grew up in this land of Shanxi. This phenomenon of "true gods and true Buddhas" gathering on one mountain is unique in the world. The Wen Gong Banquet began in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the third year of Jin Wen Gong, Wen Gong led his ministers to visit. Mianshan worshiped Jie Zitui. Jie Zhang, who was once a neighbor of Jie Zitui, was very moved when he saw Duke Wen of Jin worshiping Jie Zhitui for three consecutive years. He specially invited a famous chef named Wang Chunfa from the city to prepare a meal for Duke Wen of Jin. A feast was served. The feast was fragrant and unique. When he tasted it, Duke Wen was full of praise, saying that it was a delicacy he had never tasted before. At this time, Hu Yan, Zhao Shui and others also praised it. Everyone agreed to name this banquet "Wen Gong Banquet". From then on, this banquet became famous and has lasted for more than 2,600 years.
Jie Gong Banquet
Jie Gong Banquet. Beginning in the late Western Jin Dynasty, the imperial court was corrupted and the princes were divided. Shi Le then established a stronghold in Mianshan to revolt. He was determined to liberate the people and recruit heroes from all over the world. It happened that the famous scholar Zhang Bin came to join him and paid homage to Jie Shen. , vowed to "work together to save the poor and protect the people in danger, report to the country, and protect the common people." "After that, they went to the village to drink and eat together. The feast was sumptuous, fresh in taste, rich in nutrition, and quite unique. Zhang Bin was very impressed after the meal and asked Shi Le what his name was? Shi Le laughed and said, "My two brothers just After praying to Jie Shen, I hope Jie Shen will protect us and save the people, and we will succeed in unifying China as soon as possible. Let’s name it Jie Gong Banquet. "From then on, the banquet became a delicacy in Mianshan. It is said that after Shi Le became emperor, he often used this banquet to entertain ministers, and it became a delicacy commonly eaten by ministers.
Pengzu's health-preserving medicinal diet
Pengzu, That is Peng Keng. According to research, Pengzu practiced in Longji Ridge, Mianshan for many years. During this period, he often ate astragalus, Polygonatum pilosula, Codonopsis pilosula, and cypress seeds. As a result, he lived to be 800 years old and became the longest-lived person in Chinese history. , medicinal diet, is the first person to introduce Qigong, and created the world-famous banquet Pengzu Health Banquet. He is a veritable master of Chinese cooking. After more than 4,000 years of evolution, development, and enrichment, Pengzu Health Banquet has finally become a famous flavor of Mianshan. One of the banquets is a special health banquet with a long history and rich varieties in China. It is also a brand banquet created by the famous chef Yangyuanzhai of Qiongya Hotel. This banquet focuses on health care and nourishment. In the process of preparing dishes, refer to " "Huangdi Neijing", "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Essentials of Diet", "Tiao Ding Ji", "Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine" and many other classics, and are famous for their rich selection of ingredients, diverse cooking methods, varied tastes of dishes, and significant nourishing and health-preserving effects.
Zhu Family Banquet
Zhu Family Banquet originated from Zhu Quan, the 17th son of Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang was named King Ning during his reign. Zhu Yuanzhang thought that his father Zhu Shizhen prayed for the world and the earth in Mianshan before he became emperor, so he sent Zhu Quan to Mianshan to worship his ancestors. After that, he came to a small restaurant in Mianshan and heard from tourists that there was a chef named Tian who was very skilled in cooking. He was so impressed that he went to taste his craftsmanship. Chef Tian made a table of delicacies using local meat and vegetables. After tasting it, Zhu Quan was so impressed that he named the banquet "Zhu Family Banquet" and spread it to the palace. It is called "Zhu Ming Dynasty Banquet"
Jin Wang Banquet
Jin Wang Banquet has a history of more than 1,300 years. Li Zhi was the ninth son of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty and was awarded the title of King of Jin. At that time, he witnessed the fierce competition between Li Chengqian and Li Tai for the throne, so he went to Mianshan to pray for the gods to protect him. After he succeeded to the throne, he went to Mianshan to restore the Dongzhen Palace in person. In the evening, he ate at a restaurant in Mianshan. The store prepared a sumptuous banquet for him. Emperor Gaozong applauded the food when he saw it and tasted it. It was indeed delicious and he called it "a delicacy of Mianshan." Everyone must taste the Jinwang Banquet.
The Lucong Banquet
The Lucong Banquet originated from Wen Yanbo, a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty.
He served as general and minister for fifty years. Because of his meritorious service in suppressing the rebellion, Song Shenzong granted him the title of Duke of Lu. During the Yuanfeng period, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty appointed Feng Jiezhi as the Marquis of Jiehui, and Wen Yanbo went to Mianshan to build the Fenghou Pavilion. After the construction was completed, the county magistrate hosted a banquet and asked Wen Yanbo to order dishes. Wen Yanbo could not refuse, so he ordered a dozen according to his own taste. After that, the Lugong Banquet gradually spread and became a famous banquet.
Kaiyuan Imperial Banquet
The "Kaiyuan Imperial Banquet" is a famous Mianshan banquet famous in the three Jin Dynasties. It began in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to Mianshan to worship. The county magistrate wanted to receive him at a restaurant in Mianshan and requested that the dishes be delicious and unique in flavor. The store then prepared a banquet according to local tastes. After eating it, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty praised it for being "fresh and delicious". Zhang Yue and Song Jing had never tasted this kind of mountain flavor and both praised it for being "delicious". Seeing that the emperor and ministers were satisfied with their meal, the store owner boldly asked the Holy Emperor to give him a name. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty blurted out, "Let's call it Kaiyuan Imperial Banquet." After that, all dignitaries and literati who came to Mianshan had to eat this banquet. This banquet gradually became famous and has been passed down to this day.
Qingzhu Banquet
Fu Shan, a great scholar and medical scientist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, enjoyed being famous in mountains and rivers throughout his life, and he went to Mianshan to practice Taoism several times. Especially good at medicine and health preservation. He advocated "to learn medicine first to learn immortality, and the way of medicine can lead to the way of immortality." He found that there were more than a thousand varieties of Chinese medicinal materials in Mianshan, including dozens of precious medicinal materials. , meat is made into a feast, the taste is fresh and refreshing, and the flavor is unique. Later generations call it "Qingzhu Banquet". The main features of Qingzhu Banquet are five grains for nourishment, five fruits for help, five livestock for benefit, and five vegetables for supplement. All flavors are combined and taken to reconcile yin and yang and replenish essence and qi.
Farmhouse Banquet
According to legend, this banquet originated during the Yongxing period of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Guo Tai united 30,000 imperial students to criticize the darkness and corruption of the government, and became the famous "Qing Ye" at that time. Yin Liying of Henan said that Guo Tai "has immortal bones in his body and has a magnificent view of the world"; Fan Pang, the governor of Runan, praised him as "not disobeying relatives and being chaste but not unconventional." Later, due to the violent collision between the social reality at that time and his personal noble character Guo Tai, who was well-read in classics, returned to Jiexiu from Luoyang to educate people. One day, Li Ying and Fan Pang, who had become close friends with Guo Tai, went to Jiexiu to visit their old friends. Guo Tai and Prime Minister Guo Tai went to Mianshan to pay their respects. In order to entertain his old friends, Guo Tai specially prepared a farm banquet in a hotel in Mianshan. The miscellaneous food in Mianshan, the elegant aroma, and the charm of the countryside and mountains amazed these well-informed court officials. From then on, the legend of "Farmer's Banquet" became widely circulated among the people and became a famous banquet in the Three Jin Dynasties. Today, farmhouse banquets are famous all over the world because of their profound cultural heritage. 1. It has the earliest historical records. It is mentioned four times in "Zuo Zhuan", China's first history book. It is also mentioned in the earliest poetry collections "The Book of Songs" and "Chu Ci". "The Book of Songs" records, "When you pass away, you will be buried in the countryside, who will be named forever." It truly describes the secluded life of Jie Tui's mother and son. The high moral character and integrity of the promotion has become a favorite story among people in the past dynasties.
2. The unique mountain topography of Baofiyan is unique in the world. It is 60 meters high, 180 meters wide and 50 meters deep. It can accommodate more than 200 palaces and buildings and 10,000 to 20,000 tourists. The breathtaking and spectacular rock bells hanging in the air are even more unique.
3. "The Monument of Baofu Temple in Fenzhou of the Tang Dynasty" was formed in the 20th year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,200 years. It vividly describes the planning and establishment of Baofu Temple by the eminent monk Di Gong during the Cao and Wei dynasties of the Three Kingdoms2, and has many inscriptions by celebrities from the Tang and Song Dynasties. The content and calligraphy are of great value. In particular, the monument and the temple are more than 200 meters apart, which is an eternal mystery. There is no second example in China.
4. "He Zhizhang Mountaineering Trail" is a dangerous trail that goes straight from the ravine to the rock. According to the inscription of Tang Dynasty poet He Zhizhang on the left side of "The Monument of Baofu Temple in Fenzhou of the Tang Dynasty", when he climbed Mianshan Mountain, the monks first used a cloth to drag him to the vicinity of the "Chessboard Cave" which was more than 50 meters away, and then climbed a 100-meter ladder from the Chessboard Cave. Go to the foot of Yunfeng Temple; then follow the 120 and 60 stone steps to the foot of Tiesuoling, grab the more than 70-meter iron rope to climb to Tiesuoling, and climb up to Mosta in one breath. The total length of more than 500 meters is almost all 75-degree cliffs. It is not only a strange and dangerous natural landscape, but also has a rich cultural history. It can be said to be a wonder in the world.
5. Fengfang Spring is a Baofu Rock with a height of more than 100 meters and a width of more than 30 meters. There are dozens of stone milks in the lower part of the rock dripping water all year round, making a tinkling sound when they fall into the stone pool. Literati of the past dynasties called it Xuanquan. A spring hanging on a rock wall like this is unique in China.
6. Daluo Palace is an antique building built on the mountain with four bright and seven dark colors, with a total area of ??30,000 square meters. It is comparable to the Potala Palace and is the first palace in the world. In the palace, there are 300 square meters of woodcuts of the Tao Te Ching inscribed by hundreds of famous Chinese figures, and 300 square meters of canvas paintings, both of which are unique in China.
7. The overpass is more than 300 meters long. It is built on the top of the mountain, with imitation white marble railings on the sides. From a distance, it looks like a white crane spreading its wings in the sky. When people cross the bridge, springs gush under their feet, giving people an ecstatic feeling. This scene is hard to find even if you travel all over China's famous mountains and rivers.
8. Twenty kilometers of Shuitaogou, cangyan, winding paths, strange trees, strange rocks, mountain flowers, and wild grasses are dotted among them. The water turns thousands of times, flows through the turbulent water, and the goshawks sing in the empty valley, forming a unique landscape painting. Among them, the Wulong Waterfall has a drop of more than 80 meters, and tourists can pass under the waterfall; the Water Curtain Cave Waterfall flows straight down from the front of the cave, and the cave can accommodate thirty or forty people. Such scenery is rare in the northern region.
9. The god of Mianshan is Jie Zitui, who dates back more than 2,600 years and is one of the earliest Taoist figures. The Buddha in Mianshan is Kongwang Buddha, whose common name is Tian Zhichao. He was originally an eminent monk in the Tang Dynasty and was the first Han Chinese to become a Buddha. In addition, Wei Chigong, the general of the early Tang Dynasty, and Tan Luan, the pioneer of the Pure Land Sect of the Northern Wei Dynasty, are also unique gods and Buddhas in Mianshan. They are all native Shanxi people, which is unmatched by other famous mountains. The god of Mianshan has evolved from the invisible deity, the nameless deity, and the supreme king to the mountain god and the earth; the Buddha of Mianshan has gone from the lamp, the wonderful light, and the burning lamp to the Buddhas of the past, present, and future. The number of gods and Buddhas is the highest in China.
10. The Mianshan Religious Band consists of 150 people and has performed for Taiwanese religious people many times. In particular, it held the abbot's enthronement ceremony at Baiyun Temple in Beijing, the opening ceremony of Lutai in Hebei, and the opening ceremony of Pu'an Temple in Liaoning. , the orchestra’s performance was well received. Min Zhiting, president of the China Taoist Association, spoke highly of the Mianshan Religious Band.