According to historical records, in the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), the Opium War broke out, and the British and French allied forces invaded Beijing and occupied Yuanmingyuan. Wen Fengfu, the chief minister of Yuanmingyuan, threw himself into the sea. With the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, British commander Elgin ordered the burning of Yuanmingyuan. 3,500 British and French troops rushed into Yuanmingyuan and set fire to it. The fire raged for three days, leaving the Yuanmingyuan and its nearby Qingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Jingyi Garden, Changchun Garden and Haidian Town in ruins. Nearly 300 eunuchs, ladies-in-waiting and craftsmen of Anyou Palace were buried in the sea of fire, and this world-famous forest garden was reduced to ruins. This is the famous China shame "burning Yuanmingyuan" incident in history.
Yuanmingyuan is located in Haidian District, the western suburb of Beijing. It was built in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi and consists of Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden. Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty gave this park to Yong Zhengdi and named it Yuanmingyuan. After 150 years of history, it has concentrated a lot of manpower and material resources, organized countless skilled craftsmen, and devoted millions of working people's blood and sweat to build it into a magnificent and beautiful detached palace. Every summer, the emperors of the Qing Dynasty came here to spend the summer, listen to politics and handle military and political affairs, so it was also called the Summer Palace. The Yuanmingyuan, with its large scale, numerous cultural relics and high architectural specifications, reached the peak of ancient garden art in China. It is also the national museum of thousands of years' historical relics in China.
According to statistics, the number of looted Yuanmingyuan is about 6.5438+0.5 million, ranging from bronze ritual vessels in China in the pre-Qin period to famous paintings and calligraphy in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and various rare treasures. After the looting by the British and French allied forces, the evidence of looting was destroyed by fire, which made it impossible for China to count the number and whereabouts of cultural relics. This is the real intention of the British and French Coalition forces to burn the Yuanmingyuan.
After plundering the treasure, in order to cover up their heinous crimes, they did not hesitate to set fire to destroy the trace. I don't rule out the vicious psychopathy that I would rather destroy since I can't take it away.
Let's be clear here: Yuanmingyuan was burned twice:1the second opium war in 860,1Eight-Nation Alliance invaded China in 900.
In 1860, there were more than 15000 British troops and 7000 French troops. They were led by Erjin and Ge Luo respectively, and burned, killed and looted in Yuanmingyuan from June 6, 65438 to October 9, 65438/KLOC-0.
Robbery is what the French want to take the lead in.
The fire was caused by the British.
1900, eight robbers from Britain, France, the United States, Japan, Germany, Italy, Austria and Russia jointly robbed Yuanmingyuan again.
In total, more than 6.5438+500,000 cultural relics were robbed and countless cultural relics were destroyed. In order to cover up their crimes, the eight robbers set fire to Yuanmingyuan again.
1 After the Yuanmingyuan was burned down, the Qing government planned to rebuild the Yuanmingyuan, but after repairing part of it, it was found that the project was too huge and spent too much money, so no one cared.
After the Yuanmingyuan was robbed and burned for the second time, local warlords and ignorant civilians dug up all the stones and soil in Yuanmingyuan like scavengers.
So the eight robbers in Yuanmingyuan were killed in partnership. But his body was divided up by local warlords and ignorant civilians.
Yuanmingyuan, built in 150, experienced four dynasties: Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and Jiaqing. It was murdered by British, French, American, Japanese, German, Italian, Austrian, Russian and local warlords, ignorant civilians and the late Qing government.
In junior high school history textbooks, the history teacher who burned Yuanmingyuan didn't elaborate on it, and the textbooks were extremely incomplete, including the later film "Burning Yuanmingyuan", and some of them were inexplicably burned. So why did the British and French allied forces (whether British and French allied forces or Eight-Nation Alliance) burn the Yuanmingyuan? What is the real reason?
Later, a Frenchman who participated in the mission wrote a memoir, describing the situation at that time: we were trapped in a wooden prison, tied with hemp rope, and exposed to the hot sun for several days. There was no water or food, and many people died suddenly in the high temperature.
The news spread to Britain and France, which shocked the whole country. The nationals of Britain and France believed that China people first violated international laws and regulations and universal values, so Britain and France decided to retaliate at the cost of burning down a palace, at the cost of Yuanmingyuan.
British special officials in the Qing Dynasty posted a notice in Beijing before the fire, telling the time and place of the fire, which meant that China people would not go, but China people went anyway. The British and French allied forces are robbing, and the people of China are robbing themselves. Eunuchs and slaves were not idle, and later grave robbers went in to steal, which gradually evolved into a dilapidated scene until today.
The story is roughly like this, so we can list the main reasons why the British and French Coalition forces were burned down as follows:
Second: foreigners and missionaries are persecuted. In order to kill two birds with one stone, the imperial court used the feelings of the Boxer Movement to kill foreigners and missionaries everywhere. Ministers of various countries asked the Qing court to ban the Boxer Rebellion, but there was no response.
Third: the concession was attacked and the ambassador was killed. With the connivance of the Qing court, the Boxer Rebellion wantonly attacked the concession of foreign embassies. On behalf of all countries, German Ambassador Klender went to the Prime Minister's yamen to ask for protection, and was ambushed and killed by the Qing army on the way, which became the fuse of the war. Since then, the Qing court was forced to declare war on eleven countries at the same time.
Fourth: Another important reason for burning Yuanmingyuan is to destroy the evidence of robbery.
Fifthly, it is most important to ignite the confidence of the people of China. In the Second Opium War, the British and French allied forces suffered a disastrous landing at Dagukou, Tianjin, which was unacceptable to arrogant Britain and France. If they enter Beijing again, they won't go home empty-handed. They didn't choose to burn the Forbidden City, but the Yuanmingyuan. Because Yuanmingyuan was the garden of tens of thousands of gardens in the world at that time, it represented all the rights, status and wealth of the feudal empire of the Qing Dynasty. China and France chose to burn this supreme Yuanmingyuan, which also burned the dignity of the Qing court and the confidence of the people, and beat your ass.
Let me answer the question of boating in the long river of history.
In modern history, the pain of the Second Opium War may be the most unforgettable scene of the Qing rulers. For thousands of years, the most sacred imperial power in the eyes of China people has been mercilessly ridiculed by the West. The British and French allied forces marched into Beijing, and thousands of troops could not guarantee the safety of Beijing. If the British and French allied forces enter no man's land, Xianfeng fled to Jehol, leaving the heart of the country in the hands of the allied forces, which brought a heavy impact to the central system of the whole country. For China at that time, especially for the literati, this was a great shame and catastrophe that had never been seen in history. "There has been a rebellion in the maritime countries, which has been unknown since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a pirate police, and there was no balance between the sea countries, which directly committed crimes against Chixian County, China. " The war started in Guangdong and spread to Beijing. "The barbarian atmosphere is close, the police are counted overnight, people are confused, and the city is moving in an endless stream. All government officials are far away and ten rooms are empty. " The Allies entered through Andingmen. "Defend the city ... In order to defend the soldiers in our city, we will occupy my artillery position, carry them under the city and accept them in the ditch." In addition, 46 statues of barbarians were built. The scene of Beijing in the past was like a flood, leaving nothing behind, which gave the people the most violent shock.
The British and French Coalition forces threatened to shell Beijing and destroy the Forbidden City. Then he rushed into Yuanmingyuan, a famous royal garden that has been running for more than 150 years, integrating the achievements of Chinese and western architectural art and bringing together ancient and modern art treasures and classics. First, he plundered it and then set it on fire. They claimed that "this is the emperor's favorite residence, and destroying it is not only a fatal blow to his feelings, but also a heavy blow to his arrogance." "It is necessary for us to leave a permanent mark nearby to show our betrayal and cruel indignation against the Qing government and to warn the future. This is the real reason for burning Yuanmingyuan. " Yuanmingyuan was burned down. "This huge empire suddenly capsized in its own ashes ... This seems to be just a sign, and it may not become a reality, because China still has time to turn over a new leaf and learn from them how to maintain the stability of its subjects in the current crisis and catch up with the pace of historical progress."
First, it is to cover up and destroy the robbery certificate. At that time, the British and French allied forces robbed Yuanmingyuan unscrupulously in broad daylight, just like robbers. They looted all the treasures that they could take away in Yuanmingyuan. Burning Yuanmingyuan can not only cover up their bandits, but also make a statement to the outside world. It was in order to cover up and destroy the robbery certificate that they chose to burn the Yuanmingyuan.
Secondly, it forced the Qing Dynasty to sign contracts quickly. War is a means, not an end. They started the war for some political and economic purposes. War is just a means for them to achieve their goals. Burning Yuanmingyuan can shock the Qing rulers, break their psychological defense and make them sign the contract as soon as possible.
Finally, I want to kill myself with one blow and end the war as soon as possible. At that time, the British and French Coalition forces were few in number and far from home. At first, the Qing government may not be able to respond. However, as long as the Qing government wakes up and spares no effort to stifle them, even if they are very powerful, they will fall into a quagmire and may even be eliminated. Therefore, it is better to bring new victories, set a fire to show their tough attitude, make the Qing government more afraid, benefit itself, and quickly end the war and get away with it.
Under the coercion and inducement of Britain and France, the younger brothers of Xianfeng and Prince Gong stayed in Beijing from 1860 to 10. It was forced to exchange the ratification documents of the Tianjin Treaty with Britain and France, and signed the Sino-British Beijing Treaty and the Sino-French Beijing Treaty, recognizing that the Tianjin Treaty was completely effective, opening Tianjin as a commercial port, allowing Britain and France to recruit China workers to go abroad, and dividing Kowloon into Britain and Hong Kong, etc., which made western powers grab a series of new privileges from China. When the news reached the provinces, the whole country was shocked. Zeng Guofan, who is fighting the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, "received the news of Prince Gong and learned that Luan Yu had been out on tour in Jehol. The atmosphere is only 20 miles from the capital, and he cries for it. I don't know what to do. " His anxiety and confusion are enough to describe the general mentality of the whole country under this impact, so people sadly call it "the change of Geng Shen"
Thank you for your concern. This question is quite interesting. Why do you say that?
Because it reminds me of Eason Chan's song "Red Rose", one of the lyrics says: "What you can't get is always in turmoil ..." Doesn't this scene just correspond to the ugly face of the British and French allied forces "Destroy them if you can't get them"?
Speaking of the incident that "the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan", I can't help but think of the film The Godfather. This is a gangster film directed by francis ford coppola and starring Marlon Brando and Al Pacino. Adapted from mario puzo's novel of the same name, the film tells the development of a gangster family headed by Vito Don Corleone. The film won the 45th Oscar for Best Film, Best Actor and Best Adapted Screenplay with the score of 1973.
This film mainly tells the story of the Corleone family. Under the leadership of the old godfather Vito Corleone, the youngest son Mike went through a series of hardships and finally grew up to be a godfather. As for the old godfather Vito Corleone, when he was a child, his father was killed by the local mafia leader Don Qiao Qi. Under the cover of his mother, he was able to escape to the United States and become the godfather after various difficult struggles.
Vito's story shows that "mowing grass should be eradicated, otherwise there will be endless troubles." This is exactly the same as "the British and French allied forces burned the Yuanmingyuan". Since they have robbed it like robbers, why not "burn the good guys to the end" and burn them all at once?
After all, such behavior is "short-sighted". After all, the way to obtain material resources by grabbing cannot last long, because the building of "honesty" and "civilization" has been built, and violations of the rules will eventually be punished!
It is unreliable to cover up the crime. How can these two robbers care about other people's opinions after years of robbery? They burned the Yuanmingyuan to tell the left-behind staff of the Qing government that they would not agree to all the conditions, and then they would burn down the Forbidden City!
When the Qing dynasty was weak, it was the time when the powers plundered. The looting and burning of Yuanmingyuan by British and French allied forces took place during the Second Opium War. 1860,10 On June 6, the British and French allied forces attacked Yuanmingyuan in the northwest suburb of Beijing, and the next day they broke into Yuanmingyuan. This treasure house, which was run by the Manchu royal family for over 150 years and has numerous treasures, blinded the robbers' eyes at that time, and then began a large-scale robbery.
So far, we can't count how many treasures have been stolen, but we can see them from the collections of British Museum, Louvre, Ji Mei Museum, Feng Dan Bailuyuan and so on. That is, at least nearly100000 treasures with artistic and archaeological value have fallen into the hands of robbers, not including the items robbed by British and French allied soldiers. The specific figures cannot be counted, but they are absolutely astronomical.
According to the robber's habit, it is natural to set fire to rob. When they robbed everything they could and smashed everything they couldn't, in order to force the Qing government to compromise as soon as possible and cover up their robbery crime, the British and French allied forces sent 3500 soldiers to set fire everywhere in June+10/October 5438+August 65438, and the Yuanmingyuan began to be devastated. A large number of books and materials and all pavilions were set on fire, and hundreds of eunuchs and maids were buried in the sea of fire.
The British commander shamelessly said: This move (burning Yuanmingyuan) will alert and shock China and Europe, and its effect is far beyond the imagination of people thousands of miles away. Although this is shameless, it also shows that the main purpose of the British and French Coalition forces to burn Yuanmingyuan is to shock the Qing government and make it compromise in fear.
Sure enough, just as the Yuanmingyuan caught fire, Prince Gong Yixin, who stayed behind, agreed to all the conditions of the British and French allied forces and the invaders, and soon signed the Beijing Treaty.
If you fall behind, you will be beaten! We are not ashamed of the evil deeds of robbers, but in the final analysis, we are still ignorant and incompetent in Manchu. It is better to strive for self-improvement than to blame robbers! Who dares to rob Qin Huang in Hanwu? If only they didn't rob others!
Ever heard of murder and arson? Historically, the nature of burning Yuanmingyuan by western powers is basically the same as that of killing and arson, and it is completely destroying criminal evidence. When the British and French allied forces captured Beijing, they were blinded by the magnificent Yuanmingyuan. After the surprise, the British and French Coalition forces began to rob soldiers. After the British and French allied forces looted Yuanmingyuan, they also knew that the looting would make them criticized. Therefore, in order to cover up the robbery, British army leader Erkin, with the support of British Prime Minister Pa Max Don, ordered the Yuanmingyuan to be burned to cover up the truth. The Yuanmingyuan fire burned for three days, and Yuanmingyuan, one of the treasures and artistic wonders in human history, was destroyed. The burning of Yuanmingyuan by the British and French allied forces is also considered to be the most cruel atrocity in the history of world civilization.
Why did the incident of burning Yuanmingyuan happen? This has to start with the backward and decadent Manchu dynasty and the expansion and plunder of western powers. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu Dynasty was seriously behind other countries in the world, especially for the western countries, they were just a fish stuck on the chessboard, so the western countries led by Britain began to plunder the Manchu Dynasty. Britain tried every means to plunder the Qing Dynasty economically, but in fact, the trade between Britain and the Qing Dynasty was always dominated by the deficit between the Qing Dynasty and Britain. So the angry British simply decided to plunder the Manchu dynasty with opium and force. The opium war broke out between the two sides.
After the First Opium War, the western capitalist powers forced the Qing government to sign the first batch of unequal treaties, and seized many privileges from China, such as reparations, negotiated tariffs, opening five-port trade, consular jurisdiction and one-sided MFN treatment. The British took the opportunity to start dumping a lot of domestic excess capacity to China. After tasting the sweetness, Britain and other western powers began to oppress the Manchu government more unscrupulously. After being rejected, Britain and other western powers launched the second Opium War. Of course, you don't have to think about the ending. The decadent Manchu dynasty was once again defeated by Britain and other western powers.
Robert McGee, a British priest, wrote in a tone of no guilt: "No one left, no house left, leaving no traces of the palace here." Now, let's go back to Beijing. We're done. "It can be seen how shameless British slave traders and robbers with ties are. In addition, at that time, 300 eunuchs, maids and craftsmen of Yuanmingyuan were burned alive in Anyou Palace. This is also because the British and French Coalition forces want to destroy evidence. This shows how hateful the slave traders in Britain are.
1In the spring of 860, Grant and Montoban led the British and French fleets to assemble in Shanghai respectively, and then they started their third trip to the north. On April 2 1 day, the allied forces occupied Zhoushan. On May 27th, British troops occupied Dalian, and on June 8th, French troops occupied Yantai and blocked Bohai Bay. On July 19, the Allies completed the final preparations for attacking Dagukou. On July 26th, the British and French fleets assembled in Bohai Bay and headed for Beitang. On July 29, British and French reinforcements attacked on a large scale, landed from Beitang and attacked Dagukou Fort in a roundabout way. After defeating the Qing army in Dagukou, he went north to occupy Tianjin.
On August 23rd, the imperial envoys Gui Liang and Hengqi sent by the Qing Dynasty made peace with the allied representative Erjin, but the peace talks failed because of the Beijing garrison. After Hengqi left Tianjin, all Qing government officials in Tianjin were evacuated, and Tianjin was managed by China businessmen. On September 2, the Qing government sent Zai Yuan, Prince Yi and Minister of War Yin Mu to make peace in the south of Zhangjiawan, Tongzhou. The main condition for Britain and France to propose a truce is to compensate for military expenses and pay three or four million taels of cash to the two countries first; After the retreat of Tongzhou defenders, the envoys of the two countries each brought thousands of people to Beijing to exchange contracts. Parkes first accompanied dozens of people to Beijing to inspect houses along the way and in Beijing. Increase Tianjin as a trading port and immediately open the trade market.
Emperor Xianfeng thought that the armistice conditions were too harsh, and that the minister's visit to Beijing was "mercenary and unpredictable", so he ordered Gui Liang and others to "break off diplomatic relations" and rejected the demands of Britain and France. On September 6th, Emperor Xianfeng declared war on Britain and France, including Juntong and Wang, Li, Yu, Duan and Hua. "Minister Yan Zhi unified the army, rectified the teacher's law (brigade law), and mobilized all the troops" Ma bu "or horse stance just look to participate in the war." On September 10, more than 3,000 allied troops marched from Tianjin to Tongzhou.
Emperor Xianfeng learned that the British and French envoys were determined to go to Tongzhou, and his determination to "decisive battle" began to waver again. He sent the Prince and the Minister of War to Tianjin from Tongzhou to continue negotiations with Britain and France in an attempt to save the "blessing bureau". The two sides held talks in Tongzhou. In addition to adhering to the original conditions, Parkes also added some requirements, such as personally meeting with the emperor and handing over credentials when exchanging peace treaties, and withdrawing all Qing troops from Zhangjiawan. Due to the dispute between the two sides, the negotiation broke down completely on 17.
Parkes then rode away. Monk Qin then intercepted 39 people (26 British, 13 French), including Parkes, Luo Henry and soldiers. On September 18, the allied vanguard troops crossed the horse's head from Hexi Affairs and advanced near Zhangjiawan. Emperor Xianfeng once again ordered a decisive battle with Britain and France. Senggelinqin led the "ma bu" or horse stance just look army to wait in Tongzhou. At the same time, the vanguard of the Coalition forces fought with the Qing army in Zhangjiawan, and the Qing army retreated to Bali Bridge.
Subsequently, the British and French allied forces fought a decisive battle with the main forces of the Qing army in North China, including the Sanglinqin Field Cavalry of Horqin Department, the Eight Banners Chahar and Soren Department, the Eight Banners of the Han Army transferred from Gansu and Shaanxi, and the green camp of Tongzhou Baliqiao and the Eight Banners of Beijing and Tianjin. Sanglin Qin's army was completely annihilated. He was seriously injured in the battle to win the battle and retreated. Later, Emperor Xianfeng, the imperial concubine of the Queen's court and others fled to chengde mountain resort in the name of inaugural in the north.
10 10 13, the allied forces invaded Beijing from andingmen. The allied forces found that the Qing army abused many British and French envoys to death and decided to retaliate. Monk cave and Rui Lin soldiers retreated to Yuanmingyuan one after another, and the French army chased them to Yuanmingyuan. The British and French allied forces rushed into Yuanmingyuan as planned, and the officers and men guarding the park were outnumbered. James hope grant, commander of the British Army, authorized the British army to rob and destroy the park. 65438+ 10 65438+July, Allied Command officially ordered free robbery in the park, and Allied soldiers plundered the treasures and furnishings in the park.
According to the estimation of British officials afterwards, the value of cultural relics and treasures (gold, silver, precious stones, silks and satins, antique furnishings, etc.). ) The looted property amounted to 6 million pounds, as well as priceless rare books, pagodas, porcelain and furniture. They are destroyed because their value is unknown or they are not easy to carry. Parkes and his party of 39 people were arrested by the Qing court negotiators, and more than 20 of them were tortured to death. Earl Elgin VIII, the plenipotentiary of the British negotiations, took revenge for this and ordered the setting of a fire garden on June 65438+1October 65438+1October 8 to teach Emperor Xianfeng a lesson.
On June 65438+1 October 65438+1 October 8+1October 8, the British 1st1Infantry Division Mitchell Cavalry Regiment1Division set fire to all the gardens, and sent teams to burn down the nearby royal gardens such as Jingyi Garden, Jingming Garden, Qingyi Garden and Changchun Garden. The Yuanmingyuan fire lasted for three days and nights, and more than 300 eunuchs and maids were buried in the fire.
French writer victor hugo once strongly condemned this incident, calling it "the victory of two robbers".
According to the "clear barnyard grass notes" records:
Xianfeng Gengshen On October 16th, the British and French allied forces arrived in Tianjin, and Wenzong lived in Fanghuayuan. When they heard the news of the enemy, they hurried to lead their empresses to Jehol. /kloc-on 0/9, the British went to the palace gate of Yuanmingyuan, and Wen Feng, the minister of landscape management, stopped talking. When the enemy soldiers had gone, they knew that the traitors had taken advantage of it, and the guards went home and died in Fuhai. The traitor set fire to the palace and robbed it. The enemy soldiers followed him and the fire did not go out for three days and nights.
The vernacular meaning of this passage is:
On October 16th, the year of Xianfeng Gengshen, the British and French allied forces arrived in Tianjin, and Emperor Wenzong of Qing Dynasty was living in Yuanmingyuan. When he heard that the enemy had arrived in Tongzhou, he hurried to Jehol with his concubine. /kloc-on 0/9, when the British arrived at Yuanmingyuan, Wen Feng, the minister in charge of gardens, stood at the door to persuade them to stop. After the enemy retreated, Wen Feng knew that the traitor would make trouble, and all the guards in the garden ran away. No one was there, so he led his horse back to the garden and committed suicide by throwing himself into Fuhai. Later, traitors set fire to the palace and robbed it, and enemy soldiers also robbed it in the garden. The fire burned for three days and nights.
Judging from this passage of Tsui Hark, it was not the British and French allied forces that burned Yuanmingyuan, but the traitors.
At that time, the minister in charge of Yuanmingyuan committed suicide, and the garden was left unattended. These traitors took advantage of the chaos to rob the garden and then set it on fire. Later, the British army also took off their masks and followed suit to rob the garden.
For a long time, people have always believed that Gong Xiaohong, the son of Gong Zizhen, led the way and set fire at that time, and robbed the British and French allied forces.
I'm afraid it's not entirely true.
Gong is only the secretary of the British Consul Wade in Shanghai, and has lived in Jiangsu and Zhejiang for a long time. When British and French troops invaded Beijing, as Wade's secretary, they accompanied him to the north.
If Gong Xiaohong is responsible for leading the way for the allied forces, it is impossible for him not to be familiar with Beijing. However, it is certain that Gong Xiaohong accompanied Wade to Yuanmingyuan with the British army, because he later accompanied Wade as an interpreter to participate in the negotiations with the Qing government, during which he helped the British side to make things difficult for the representatives of the Qing government and had a fierce dispute with Prince Gong.
Tsui Hark's account clearly shows two problems:
First of all, the traitor set the fire.
Second, it was the British who robbed the garden, but the French didn't participate.
At the same time, another Changshu Yang Qi recorded the Yuanmingyuan fire in his book Tanqing Biography:
"The traitor Li led the allied forces to rob the Yuanmingyuan, and the pearls and jade were completely destroyed ... The court knew a little about the destruction of the Yuanmingyuan, which was done by Li. He was imprisoned because of poor governance and fined his property to give Wenfeng a home."
During the Guangxu period, Xie Yang worked as a doctor in the General Office, the Ministry of Housing and the Postal Department of Zhan, and his narrative was the closest to the truth.
It can be seen that it was not the palace that took the lead in the robbery, but the traitor Li, who was later punished by the court and paid Wen Feng's family the cost of confiscating his property.
If Gong Xiaohong is involved in arson and robbery, I'm afraid the court will not let his family go afterwards.
Domestic thieves can't attract foreign ghosts. At that time, Li was not the only one who robbed and set fire to the park. Maybe the residents in the neighborhood are more or less involved in this matter.
But in any case, the culprit is the British and French Coalition forces, and in this century's major case, the British are the culprit.