the poems about farmers written by _ _ _ Li Shen, a poet in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, have been passed down through the ages?
Hans Zhang's famous poem, Song of Thinking about the Wujiang River, expresses his disappointment in politics and his intention to avoid disaster with the help of "the thought of the perch".
Ceng Pu's condemnation novel _ _ "Evil Sea Flower" _ _ shows the social features of the thirty years from the beginning of Tongzhi in the late Qing Dynasty to the Sino-Japanese War in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.
the deep feeling of homesickness, the deep meaning of retiring
—— An interpretation of Hans Zhang's "Thinking of the Perch"
Xu Jing (Department of Management, Suzhou Vocational University)
Abstract: Hans Zhang's "Thinking of the Perch" not only expresses the feeling of homesickness, but also means that the literati retire, with profound meaning and far-reaching influence.
it is human nature to wander about homesickness since ancient times. However, Hans Zhang, a famous Wu scholar, has a unique meaning and is thought-provoking. (chún perennial aquatic plants, water shield. Perch lú Perch)
Hans Zhang, a famous writer in the Western Jin Dynasty and an authentic Suzhou native. At present, there is a stone portrait of Hans Zhang in the 5 Xianci Temple of Canglang Pavilion in Suzhou. There are four words of praise engraved on the top of the portrait: "Autumn wind is beautiful, I miss the perch, the first hill is endowed with a gift, and the scholar is a model." These 16 words are concise, and outline the temperament characteristics of Hans Zhang, the sage of Wuzhong.
According to historical records, Hans Zhang was well-read and versatile. He was good at writing poetry and prose, and he was full of ideas. When I was young, I had a keen attitude towards the world and a strong sense of social responsibility, expecting to make a difference. He Xun, a famous man in Huiji, was ordered to enter the DPRK and played the piano in the boat when passing through Changmen, Suzhou. Hans Zhang was at Jinchang Pavilion at this time, and when he heard the elegant and melodious sound of the piano, he followed the sound to visit He Xun, and they hit it off immediately. Knowing that He Xun went to take office in Luoyang, Kyoto, Hans Zhang went to Beijing with He Xun by boat. He came to Luoyang, the capital city, from his hometown of Suzhou to be an official, hoping to have the opportunity to display his talents and make contributions. However, the good wishes were soon dashed. It is not that there is no chance, but that he has seen through the rolling world of mortals.
Sima Tang (jiǒng, Guang; Bright) also discerning, took a fancy to Hans Zhang's talent, very reuse him, and appointed him as Fu Dong Cao rafter. This is an important position, directly in charge of the recommendation, appointment and removal of officials. This can be said to be a prosperous opportunity for Hans Zhang in his official career. Hans Zhang, however, is not happy, because he has a pair of eyes. During his tenure in Beijing, he was keenly aware that this is a turbulent society. The Western Jin Dynasty is experiencing the "Eight Kings Rebellion". When Emperor Hui was in the Western Jin Dynasty, Hui Di's stupidity created opportunities for some careerists, who were eager to become emperor. During the seventeen years of Hui Di's reign, there were eight monarchs fighting among themselves, and the imperial power was usurped violently. Hans Zhang is as clear as a mirror in his heart. On the surface, it is intertwined. In fact, it is manipulated and the dangers are everywhere. At that time, Sima Tang, the ruling king of Qi, was very successful. Because of his meritorious service in punishing Sima Lun who usurped the throne, he received the highest treatment from the official and nine tin, just one step away from the throne of the emperor. At this time, the credit is great, the status is high, and it is gradually arrogant. In order to consolidate the political power and exclude dissidents, he tried to destroy the power of the kings by any means. Although Sima Tong was in power at that time, his influence was as great as that of Japan and China, but Hans Zhang had a sense of crisis. He predicted Sima Tong's doomed outcome from the chaotic power struggle at that time, from the behavior of Qi Wang monopolizing state affairs, becoming increasingly arrogant and trusting villains. At this time, it is autumn, and the Biography of Hans Zhang in the Book of Jin says, "Because of seeing the autumn wind, Han is thinking about Wu Zhong's leeks, soups and bass." When the poet saw the autumn wind, the white clouds, the yellow grass and wild geese returning to the south, he suddenly realized the passage of time and the waste of time, and a feeling of homesickness arose. He remembered the past rural life and the scenery of his hometown, especially the unique and delicious Chinese shepherd's purse, soup and perch in Wuzhong, so he wrote the famous Song of Thinking of Wujiang River with a stroke of his pen:
When the autumn wind rises, the perch is fat.
three thousand miles away, I'm not home, and it's hard to hate it.
since ancient times, the cool autumn wind has most easily touched people's homesickness. When the autumn wind blows, the fresh air brings a fresh and pleasant coolness, which soothes the nervous nerves and tired mentality, and the long past comes to mind. I miss my hometown from afar, and the water is clear and the scenery is beautiful. At this time, Wujiang is full of water and clean water, which is the fat harvest season for perch. What is the value and significance of this kind of life, when the autumn wind is rough and the homesickness is lingering, but now the poet is far away from home and can't go home, and he can't be free and peaceful in the shady vanity fair? When the poet thought of this, he could not help but arouse "hate" and "sadness" in his heart. From the literal point of view of the whole poem, this hatred and sadness is caused by the "thinking of the sea bass", but if we contact the political situation and turbulent situation in writing this poem, the meaning of political disappointment and avoiding disaster is obvious. That kind of deep homesickness has become more and more intense because of worrying about the civil strife in the imperial court and the situation that there is no peace in the country. Here, I put aside my feelings about the current situation and turn the deep psychology away from troubled times into a desire for food. This is the implicit writing of poetry. In fact, Hans Zhang's nature is unrestrained and unrestrained, and his mind is at ease. Seeing that the world is in chaos, he intends to retire early. According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu Jian, Hans Zhang once said to Gu Rong, a fellow countryman, "There are many disasters in the world, and those whose husbands are famous all over the world are hard to retreat. There are people in the mountains and forests, and there is no hope of time. " This means that the world is in turmoil now, and disasters are constantly changing. Generally, people who are famous in the four seas can hardly get away from vanity fair. I am a mountain man, and I have no hope for the current situation. That is to say, Hans Zhang has seen through it, and he has come to Italy. Up to now, the autumn wind that provokes homesickness has made him suddenly realize: "Life is too expensive to be ambitious, how can you stay for thousands of miles to be famous?" The most important thing in life is to be comfortable and free. How can you be bound by fame and fortune and leave your hometown thousands of miles away? Therefore, he claimed that he missed the delicious food in Suzhou's hometown and could not resist the temptation of delicious food, so he had to resign and return to Wu. At that time, Hans Zhang also wrote an essay "Fu on the First Hill" to describe his mind, but it was a pity that this Fu was not handed down.
Soon, Sima Mian, the king of Qi, was defeated and killed in a new round of power struggle, and his subordinate officials were almost killed, while Hans Zhang survived because he left early. What kind of foresight this is! From this point of view, it is actually a wise move to abandon his official position and return to his hometown after sizing up the situation. He went through a mental journey from the death of Confucianism to the birth of Taoism. On the surface, it was because of the "thinking of the sea bass", but in essence, it was because of the maturity of thought and psychology that he had a profound insight and grasp of the real society, and then he made a rational choice about his own life path. He came to Beijing all the way, hoping to display his outstanding talents and implement his ideal of saving the world. Unexpectedly, he was born at an untimely time and suffered from the "Eight Kings' Rebellion" and internal friction continued. The sinister political struggle made him feel that his ideal was difficult to realize. The so-called "there is a way in the world, and there is no way to hide." The prerequisite for a wise man to join the WTO is that the world conforms to the Tao. If the Tao is not implemented, he will step out of the intrigue officialdom and return to the landscape, taking nature as a spiritual resting place and lead a quiet and comfortable seclusion life. This rational choice is in line with Hans Zhang's nature. He was originally an open-minded person. It is recorded in Shi Shuo Xin Yu Ren Birthday that Hans Zhang often indulges in drinking and is proud of the world with drunkenness, which is similar to Ruan Ji. Someone advised him: "Qing Nai can adapt to the moment, but he is not a famous evil behind him?" You only pursue temporary pleasure, don't you consider the reputation behind you? Hans Zhang's answer is really shocking: "It is better to have a glass of wine immediately than to make me famous." If I want to leave a good reputation after my death, I might as well drink one more glass of wine now. This is a famous saying of Hans Zhang, which seems a little negative on the surface, but in a special background, it reflects a natural and unrestrained attitude towards life and an extraordinary beauty. Later Brewmaster Li Bai also wrote in it is hard to go: "Have a glass of wine before you die, do not care if your fame will not survive!". This seems to be influenced by Hans Zhang.
Zhang Han's being in the officialdom and being able to resolutely walk out of it is really beyond natural and unrestrained. However, not everyone has such wisdom, and they can be detached from secular utility. The most striking contrast is that Lu Ji, a great writer who is a contemporary of Hans Zhang and also a celebrity in Wu, has fallen into an unfathomable political trap because of his strong desire for fame and fortune. As the saying goes, he who knows the times is a hero. At that time, Lu Ji's friends advised him to retire and return to his hometown, but he didn't understand the times, lost his reputation, and wanted to do something. As a result, he was framed and became a victim of the "Eight Kings Rebellion". Before his execution, he sighed, "How can you smell the beautiful pavilions and cranes?" It means that the crane cries in Huating, my hometown, how can I hear them again? This is really a tearful lament. Lu Ji was only 43 years old when he was killed, and he died young, which makes people sigh. In comparison, Hans Zhang is a wise man, a scholar and a master. He can have a deep insight into the world and the true meaning of life, and pursue the "expensive and suitable ambition" of life, rather than struggling in the official sea of misfortune and instant ups and downs. After he returned to Suzhou, he took the natural beauty of gardens and mountains as his spiritual sustenance. By the bridge, watching the sunset, listening to the running water singing softly, and tasting wine and delicacies are so uncomfortable and enjoyable. Although it was a helpless move at an untimely time, the poet did not seem to regret it, as evidenced by poems: the second poem of his Miscellaneous Poems is a metaphor for people, which reads "There is a tree in the east" and "There is no flower but no reality, and there are graceful clouds." The description of this tree in the poem is not ashamed because it has no flowers and no fruits. On the contrary, it shows its pride with its tall and straight posture. This poem not only embodies the poet's disdain for secular prejudice, but also contains the author's full affirmation of his own value. The third poem of Miscellaneous Poems reads, "Suddenly there is a bird, and the five colors are mixed with English and Chinese." The poem tries to describe how this "bird" is unique: its color is gorgeous, its sound is pleasant, it is unique and unique. This unique "flying to the sky" is also a metaphor for the poet's self-image. Indeed, it is a beautiful life to be intoxicated with the eternal understanding of nature because of the unique garden and the mountains and rivers, and the vicissitudes of life and the boundless clouds.
Hans Zhang probably didn't expect it. He didn't want to leave a name behind him, but it happened that "the thought of the perch" made Hans Zhang's reputation spread far and wide and spread through the ages. When reading Tang and Song poems, we often encounter allusions of "autumn wind and sea bass" and "thick soup and sea bass". "The thinking of the perch" has not only become synonymous with homesickness, but also refers to the literati's retirement. Since ancient times, literati and celebrities have often regarded returning to nature as the best place to adjust their body and mind while yearning for making achievements. When it is impossible to "help the world", the idea of advocating nature provides them with a way to transcend reality, which is "seclusion". Take the landscape and countryside as a place to settle down, where you can learn new opportunities for life, settle your haggard body and mind, and soothe your sad soul. Therefore, timely retirement is not idle, it is a positive existence state of life, and it is a full display of life interest. Therefore, literati seclusion is a long-standing social phenomenon in the history of our country, especially in the historical period of political darkness. Wang Wenkun, a close friend, said, "Ji Ying, Wujiang Perch, and Songju, the hometown of Yuanming, share the same intention." "The thinking of the perch" has become synonymous with abandoning official career, retiring to the mountains and forests, maintaining individual personality independence and yearning for a free life.
Hans Zhang's "thinking of the perch" has a far-reaching influence on later generations, especially on the land of Wuzhong. In the Song Dynasty, there was also a perch pavilion and a "three high shrines" (in memory of Fan Li, Hans Zhang and Lu Guimeng) beside the Hongqiao Bridge in Wujiang, Hans Zhang's hometown. In the long history, in the rolling world of mortals, Wu literati can often break the common dream of fame and fortune, and have an indifferent and detached mind. Especially in the turbulent times, Wu people feel more deeply that secular fame is just like a passing cloud, which is really not worth dying for. Only by maintaining a detached and comfortable attitude can we achieve a psychological balance. In the face of a fleeting, fleeting life, only by returning to nature can we save ourselves, get rid of the helplessness of life and dig out a different kind of beauty in a limited life. This may be influenced by Hans Zhang, the sage of Wuzhong, who is a model of Da Shi. The power of the model is infinite.