Su Shi (1037-1101), a writer, calligrapher, painter and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is Zizhan and his nickname is Dongpo Jushi. Han nationality, Sichuan native, buried in Yingchang (now Jiaxian County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province).

His official career was bumpy, he was knowledgeable, extremely talented, and excellent in poetry, calligraphy and painting. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is called Ou Su, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". His poetry is fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggeration and metaphor, and his artistic expression is unique. He is also called Su Huang together with Huang Tingjian. He opened a bold and unrestrained faction and had a huge influence on later generations. Together with Xin Qiji, he was called Su Xin.

He is good at calligraphy in running script and regular script. He can innovate his own ideas. His brushwork is rich and ups and downs, and has an innocent taste. He is also known as the four masters of Song Dynasty together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang. He has the same painting studies and literature, and discusses painting. He advocated spiritual resemblance and advocated "scholar painting". He is the author of "The Complete Works of Su Dongpo" and "Su Dongpo Yuefu".

In his later years, he was demoted to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the new party's rule. Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty was pardoned and returned to the north, but died of illness in Changzhou on the way. During the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he was posthumously given the title of Grand Master, with the posthumous title "Wenzhong". Extended information

Su Shi made extraordinary achievements in the creation of poetry. In terms of the development of a literary style itself, the historical contribution of Su poetry exceeds that of Su Wen and Su poetry. Following Liu Yong, Su Shi carried out a comprehensive reform of the style of Ci, finally breaking through the traditional pattern of Ci being "Yanke", improving the literary status of Ci, and transforming Ci from an accessory to music into an independent lyric poem. Style, fundamentally changed the development direction of Ci history.

Su Shi's transformation of Ci is based on his concept of Ci poetry integrating poetry and his creative idea of ??"being his own style". Since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, Ci has been regarded as a "little way". Although Liu Yong dedicated his life to writing Ci and promoted the development of Ci style, he failed to improve the literary status of Ci. Su Shi first theoretically dispelled the concept that poetry is superior and Ci is inferior.

He believes that poems and words have the same origin and belong to one body, and words are "the descendants of poetry." Although poems and words have differences in external form, their artistic essence and expressive functions should be consistent. Therefore, he often compares poetry with poetry. Since he elevates poetry to the same status as poetry from a stylistic perspective, this provides a theoretical basis for poetry to move closer to the poetic style and achieve mutual communication and penetration between poetry and poetry.

Su Shi was good at writing running script and regular script, and together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang, he was known as the "Four Masters of Song Dynasty". He studied the masters of famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and then integrated the creative styles of famous masters such as Wang Sengqian, Xu Hao, Li Yong, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi to form his own style. He once claimed: "I have no creativity in writing" and "I come up with new ideas and do not follow the ancients".

Huang Ting insisted that he: "In his early years, he was not as good at using pen as his elder brother, who was gradually more natural." This shows that Su Shi experienced many ups and downs in his life, which caused ups and downs in his calligraphy style. His extant works include "Chibi Ode", "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" and "Jidao Wen in Honor of Huangzhou".

Reference: Su Shi-Baidu Encyclopedia