Shantou has a subtropical maritime climate, with an annual average temperature of 21-22℃, sunshine duration of 2-25 hours and rainfall of 13-18 mm. [4]
Shantou is a major port city in China, the earliest opened special economic zone in China and an important part of Haixi Economic Zone. Shantou Port, which opened in 186, is known as "the gateway of Lingdong, the hub of South China", "Zou Lu on the seashore, the hometown of delicious food", and enjoys the excellent tourist city in China, the top 1 city with investment environment in China, the brand economy city in China, the national demonstration city of intellectual property work, the national demonstration city of e-commerce, the national pilot city of information consumption, the national model city of double support and the China stationery production base.
Shantou city is located at the mouth of Hanjiang River, Rongjiang River and Lianjiang River, and Shantou Bay divides the city into two parts.
Shantou city in the north was a coastal alluvial land in ancient times, and Lingju 'an existed in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, Shawei (now Jinsha Township) had formed a settlement, and there were residents in Gounan and Yuzhou, which belonged to its jurisdiction when Song Xuanhe relocated Jieyang County in 1211. Haojiang in the south was the recruiting capital of Chaoyang County in ancient times, and Shapu was added in the Song Dynasty. At this time, the recruiting and Shapu are still under the jurisdiction of Chaoyang County. [9] In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a large fishing village in Guanghuabu, which was called Xialing. In the early Ming Dynasty, Pengzhou was set up to defend thousands of households.
When Chaozhou Prefecture was newly established in Chenghai County in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, the northern part (now Shantou City) was separated from Jieyang and belonged to Chenghai. Because the sand ridges extended to the sea, people built fences to fish, which was called Shashan; Nanpian (now Haojiang District) still belongs to Chaoyang County. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Chaozhou Prefecture built the Shashantou Fort. The Yongzheng period was referred to as Shantou for short.
Shantou is known as a "century-old commercial port". In April 1858 (the eighth year of Xianfeng), the British and French allied forces that had occupied Guangzhou advanced on Dagukou, and the American ambassador to China, together with the ambassadors of Britain, France and Russia, arrived outside Dagu, informing the Qing government and demanding aggression. American envoy Li Weilian started negotiations with Tan Tingxiang, governor of Zhili of the Qing government, and discussed the draft agreement put forward by the United States.
On May 19th, the United States quietly suspended the ongoing negotiations at the request of Britain because the British and French allied forces were about to attack the next day.
After the British and French allied forces captured Dagu, the Qing government sent Gui Liang, Hua Shana and others to negotiate with Britain and France. Although Qing officials did not trust the American envoy, they repeatedly begged the American envoy to mediate with the Russian envoy. Li Weilian deceived the Qing government with the hypocritical face of "mediator".
On June 7th, the US ambassador Levi Lian resumed talks with officials of the Qing Dynasty and agreed to renegotiate the draft treaty proposed by the US.
on June 18th, the United States beat Britain, France and the Qing government to sign the Sino-American Treaty of Tianjin. Among them, Chaozhou (later changed to Shantou) and Tainan were added as trading ports [1].
In p>1858, Engels pointed out in "Russia's Success in the Far East" that Shantou was "the only port with a little commercial significance." (Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume II, page 38, People's Publishing House, 1972). [11]
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