Hakka is a branch ethnic group of Han nationality with remarkable characteristics, and it is also one of the ethnic groups with wide distribution and far-reaching influence of Han nationality in the world. Starting from the Yongjia Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Han residents in the Central Plains moved to the south on a large scale, arrived at the junction of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Fujian, mixed with local indigenous people, and married each other. After thousands of years of evolution, they finally formed a relatively stable Hakka clan. Since then, the Hakkas have taken Meizhou as their base and moved abroad in large numbers to various provinces in South China and even around the world. The four Hakka States are Meizhou, Ganzhou, Tingzhou and Huizhou. Shek Pik in Ninghua County, Fujian Province is the central area where Hakka legends are formed, and Shek Pik is called "Hakka ancestral land".

Hakka cities

The main Hakka cities in Chinese mainland today refer to seven cities including Meizhou, Huizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan, Shenzhen, Longyan and Ganzhou. The above seven cities are considered as Hakka hometown, Hakka base camp and Hakka cultural reserve. In addition, seven cities, including Sanming (Ninghua) in Fujian, Shanwei (Luhe) in Guangdong, Qingyuan (Yingde) in Guangdong, Dongguan in Guangdong, Hezhou in Guangxi, Fangchenggang in Guangxi and Danzhou in Hainan, are prefecture-level cities with important influence on Hakka culture. Hakkas are also distributed in Jieyang, Guangdong (Puning), Maoming, Guangdong, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Guangdong (Chixi), Guangzhou, Guangdong (Zengcheng), Zhangzhou, Fujian (Zhaoan), Ji 'an, Jiangxi (Suichuan), Yichun, Jiangxi (Tonggu), Chengdu, Sichuan, Rongchang, Chongqing, Yulin, Guangxi (Bobai) and Guigang, Guangxi.

the origin of the name

Hakka wai house

The name of "Hakka" originated from a large-scale fighting between ethnic groups and local people in the Qing Dynasty, and was given to Hakka by Guangfu people who were relatively "landlords" in Jiangmen area (called Siyi) in western Guangdong at that time. It was a nickname. At the beginning of the fighting, there was still no name of "Hakka", but only the difference between native and Hakka. With the development of dueling, some nouns such as Liao appeared again, and finally the word Hakka appeared. The term "Hakka" became widely known later because of Luo Xianglin's Hakka theory, and gradually became the name of the ethnic group. Many people began to embrace it and call themselves Hakka. However, some people have not accepted this term. For example, people who speak the same language in some counties of Ganzhou, southeast Guangxi and west Guangdong call themselves "Ya people". In the part of Taiwan Province, the ancestors of Guangdong and Fujian were distinguished in the Qing Dynasty and the Japanese occupation period. Fujian Hakka was listed as a Fujian nationality, while the Hakka in Tingzhou and Zhangzhou, which were registered as Fujian nationality, also joined the Guangdong Party because of their close language relationship. But now the Hakka people in Taiwan Province have accepted the title of "Hakka", and the Hakka people from Fujian and Guangdong provinces have worked together in unity, regardless of you and me. Another view is as follows: Hakkas call themselves "Hakkas", which is a kind of respect for each other and a contemptuous name for themselves, showing the tradition of Hakka hospitality.

Hakka culture

Hakka people are very United and cooperative. They live in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi areas in Chinese mainland, so they have a strong mountain culture. Hakka people are also called "the people on the hills". Hakka culture is characterized by farming, reading and inheriting, retaining the characteristics of ancient Han nationality, and has the reputation of living fossil of ancient Han culture. Hakkas are also known as "Oriental Jews" because they travel all over the world, emigrate to the world and have many successful people in overseas business circles. Some people say: where there is sunshine, there are Hakkas; Where there is a piece of land, Hakkas live in groups, work hard and reproduce.

Hakka diet

Hakka people's drinking and eating are the same or basically the same as those in other areas of the Han nationality, and because of the unique geographical conditions, historical background and so on, the food culture is also unique. The formation of the characteristics of Hakka cuisine has a great relationship with the living environment and living standards of Hakka people. In the early days, Hakka people lived in areas with high mountains and high water cooling, where the ground was wet and foggy, and the food should be warm and cold-free. Therefore, they used more frying and less eating raw and cold, which was more prominent in the use of spicy food. The dishes were characterized by "fresh, fragrant and mellow". You have to climb the mountain when you go out. The production conditions are difficult, the labor time is long and the intensity is high. You need more fat and salt to supplement a lot of consumed heat energy. The diet is good at cooking delicacies and game, and it is slightly salty and oily. Long-term migration and economic development in areas where people live in compact communities are lagging behind. Hakkas live hard and use local materials to prepare food that can endure eating and staying, such as pickles, dried vegetables and dried radishes. Sweet potato rice can be used at home to suppress flatulence, and wild vegetables can be used when going out to satisfy hunger, which has formed the characteristics of "salty, cooked and aged".