Meaning:

Before studying cooking and cooking methods, we should first make clear the difference between these two concepts. People often confuse cooking with cooking, which is inappropriate. These two concepts have their own meanings and must be strictly distinguished. So what is "cooking"? "Cooking" means cooking. "Cooking" means cooking. The word "cooking" has narrow and broad meanings. In a narrow sense, it is cooked food; In a broad sense, it refers to the preparation of various meals. Simply put, "cooking" refers to the whole process of all foods (including staple food and non-staple food) from raw to cooked. The selection of raw materials, preliminary processing, cutting and matching are all preparations for and services for "cooking". Therefore, from the selection of raw materials, preliminary processing, cutting and matching, and then according to the different requirements of different products, various operations are carried out to form a system, which is called "cooking". Relatively speaking, "cooking" has a much narrower meaning. Simply put, "cooking" refers to non-staple food processing, which is the abbreviation of food processing. Cooking and blending are two inseparable links in dish making. "Cooking" means heating treatment, that is, heat; "Tune" means seasoning. Therefore, "cooking" is an important part of cookery.

element:

1, which has nutritional value.

2, with good taste and taste.

3, which is safe to eat.

classification of salt:

crude salt

particles with compact structure, gray color and purity of about 94% which are dried under natural conditions. This salt is mostly used for pickling pickles, fish and meat.

refined salt

taking crude salt as raw material, it is purified by brine, evaporated in vacuum, dehydrated and dried, and its color is white and powdery, with sodium chloride content above 99.6%, which is suitable for cooking and seasoning.

special salt

low sodium salt

common salt contains high sodium and low potassium, which easily leads to the imbalance of dietary sodium and potassium, thus leading to hypertension. Low sodium salt has a reasonable ratio of sodium to potassium, which can reduce blood cholesterol and is suitable for patients with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.

iodized salt

salt with a certain proportion of iodide and stabilizer is added. In order to prevent iodine deficiency, a certain dose of potassium iodide and potassium iodate was added to common salt. This is the most scientific, direct, effective, simple and economical method to supplement iodine for the prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency. It is mainly developed to supplement iodine for residents in iodine-deficient areas, and can prevent endemic goiter and cretinism. Edible iodized salt China stipulates that the concentration of iodized salt in iodine deficiency areas is: 1/5 ~ 1/2; The United Nations World Health Organization recommended 1/1, concentration of iodized salt to the ward; The iodine content of iodized salt in the Federal Republic of Germany is 1/25, which is the lowest in the world. The concentration of iodized salt in the United States is 1/1, which is the highest in the world.

adding selenium salt

Selenium is the "king of anticancer" among trace elements in human body. Selenium salt is made by adding a certain amount of sodium selenite to iodized salt. Selenium is also an essential trace element for human body, which has important functions such as anti-oxidation, delaying cell aging, protecting cardiovascular health and improving human immunity. At the same time, selenium is also an antidote to harmful heavy metals in the body. Liver, kidney and seafood of animals are all good sources of selenium, but the selenium content of plant food is influenced by the selenium content in producing area and soil and water, which varies greatly. Middle-aged and elderly people, patients with cardiovascular diseases and people with small appetite can choose to add selenium salt. Add a certain proportion of selenide salt. It has certain curative effect on preventing Keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease. Selenium salt produced in China contains 15/1 sodium selenite.

Adding zinc salt

It is made by mixing zinc gluconate and refined salt evenly, which can treat the symptoms of children's growth retardation, short stature, mental retardation, loss of appetite and accelerated aging caused by zinc deficiency. Zinc is "flower of life". Adding zinc salt is made of iodized salt as raw material, and then a certain amount of zinc sulfate or zinc gluconate is added according to national standards, which is beneficial to children's brain strengthening, memory improvement and physical development, and has a good effect on preventing various diseases caused by zinc deficiency. As an essential trace element, zinc plays an important role in human growth and development, cell regeneration, maintaining normal taste and appetite, promoting the normal development of sexual organs, improving skin health and enhancing immune function. Zinc mainly exists in the meat and viscera of animals, and the content of zinc in nuts and soybeans is also rich, while the content in vegetables, fruits and polished rice flour is low. It is generally advocated to eat a balanced diet and rely on natural foods to supplement zinc. However, children who grow up rapidly, pregnant women, the elderly who eat less, vegetarians and other people may be short of zinc. Adding zinc salt can be eaten by the above people.

blood-enriching salt

that is, adding iron salt. Salt with an iron content of about 8ppm. It is usually obtained by adding an appropriate amount of iron fortifier such as ferrous sulfate to salt. Adding iron salt for patients with iron deficiency anemia. It is made of iron fortifier and refined salt. Iron deficiency anemia, iodine deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are listed as the three major micronutrient malnutrition diseases that the World Health Organization, UNICEF and other international organizations focus on preventing and eliminating within a time limit. The incidence of iron deficiency anemia is very high in China. A certain amount of iron-containing compounds are added to the fortified iron salt, which can be used to prevent iron deficiency anemia caused by iron deficiency in human body, improve children's learning attention, memory and human immunity, and is suitable for iron-deficient people, especially to meet the iron needs of infants, teenagers, women and the elderly. The main components of ferric salt are: the iron content is 6-1mg/kg, and the iodine content is not less than 4mg/kg.

adding calcium salt

the results of three national nutrition surveys in China show that people generally lack about half of calcium in their diet, especially children, pregnant women and the elderly. Adding calcium salt is made by adding calcium compounds in proportion on the basis of common iodized salt, which is suitable for all kinds of people who need calcium supplement, and can prevent osteoporosis and arteriosclerosis, adjust the balance of other minerals and activate enzymes. The main components of adding calcium salt are: calcium content is 6-1 mg/kg, and iodine content is not less than 4 mg/kg.

dental caries prevention salt

salt containing fluoride such as sodium fluoride is added to make the fluorine content reach 1 ~ 25 ppm. It is suitable for low fluoride areas and has a certain curative effect on dental caries. Suitable for children and teenagers.

vitamin B2 salt

when a certain amount of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is added to the refined salt, the color is orange and the taste is the same as that of ordinary salt. Regular consumption can prevent and treat vitamin B2 deficiency. People who often suffer from oral ulcers may lack vitamin B2 in their bodies. Eating riboflavin salt (vitamin B2 salt) can improve this situation. Riboflavin in riboflavin salt is also of great significance to the process of human energy metabolism and can promote growth and development. Vitamin B2 mainly exists in animal food, and it may be deficient if you are a vegetarian regularly. Vitamin B2 is yellow and easily soluble in water. If there is excess after entering the human body, it will be excreted from the urine, so there is no problem of poisoning due to overeating.

raw salt of sea group

salt of raw powder of sea group is mixed in a certain proportion. Has the function of preventing and treating filariasis.

low sodium salt

the content of sodium chloride, the main component of common iodized salt we usually eat, is as high as 95% or more. Sodium ions can enhance the surface tension of human blood vessels, which is easy to cause accelerated blood flow and high blood pressure. How can hypertensive patients not only ensure their taste, but also consume less sodium ions? Low-sodium salt is a new type of salt that appropriately reduces the sodium content in salt and increases the potassium and magnesium content according to the needs of human body. Low sodium salt is made from iodized salt, but the content of sodium chloride is reduced to below 65%, and a certain amount of potassium chloride and magnesium sulfate is added, which is mainly for special people suffering from kidney disease, hypertension, heart disease and so on who need to limit sodium salt. Low sodium salt can adjust the balance of sodium, potassium and magnesium ions in the body, and has certain curative effect on preventing and treating hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Because potassium chloride and magnesium sulfate also have a little salty taste, and potassium and magnesium are also essential macro elements for human body, they are of great significance to the health of the heart. In recent years, the World Health Organization has advocated the whole people to eat low-sodium salt. The low sodium salt produced in China contains 65% NaCl, 25% KCl and 21% MgSO 4.7H. There are many varieties of low-sodium salt produced in countries all over the world. The low sodium salt in America contains 5% NaCl and 5% KCl. Finland successfully developed a new type of low sodium salt in 1985, which contains 57% NaCl, 28% KCl, 412% MgSO and 2% amino acid α-cytolysin. This cytolysin not only has seasoning effect, but also has the effect of reducing myocardial infarction and cerebral thrombosis.

flavor salt

adding sesame, pepper, spiced noodles, shrimp powder, pepper noodles, etc. into refined salt can make spiced and spicy salt, spicy salt, sesame salt, shrimp-flavored salt, etc. with unique flavor to increase appetite.

Nutritive salt

is a newly developed salt variety in recent years. It is made by mixing a certain amount of seaweed juice with refined salt, evaporating, dehydrating and drying. It has the functions of preventing ulcer and preventing goiter, and contains a variety of amino acids and vitamins.

Balanced body-building salt

The proportion of inorganic salts potassium and sodium in seawater is basically the same as that in human blood, and it contains a certain amount of magnesium. Extracting these beneficial substances from seawater and adding them to refined salt can meet the needs of human body for various minerals, so as to achieve the purpose of balanced nutrition, body-building and disease-removing.

natural crystal salt

natural crystal salt is made of sea salt, which keeps the components closest to human body in the ocean, especially inorganic salts and marine life elements rich in potassium, sodium, magnesium, iodine, etc., and the particles are crystal, which is more suitable for people in coastal areas to eat. With the approval of the state, Guangdong is one of the two provinces approved to produce natural crystal salt in China, which was welcomed by consumers in some coastal areas in the early years.

snowflake salt

It is made of high-quality sea salt and is processed by the most advanced special technology in the world. The salt is natural, pure, loose and instant, with white color, and contains many minerals and nutrients necessary for human body. It is the highest grade of common iodized salt. At present, the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Australia and other developed countries are popular in eating snowflake salt.

The function of salt:

Make dishes salty to increase flavor.

Outstanding umami flavor

Solidification of protein

Detergence of greasy taste

Sterilization and antisepsis

Improvement of finished product color in pastry making

Adjustment of fermentation speed in pastry making

It can be used as a heat transfer medium.

Origin of using fire:

After using fire, people can keep warm, drive away wild animals and eat cooked food, which is nutritious and hygienic, reducing the occurrence of diseases, and the discovery of fire also promotes people's understanding of nature. And fire can refine metals to make tools for production and life, which promotes agricultural production and accelerates the development of human society. But it does not represent the beginning of human civilization.

human civilization, in anthropology and archaeology, civilization can also refer to areas where people live and have a certain economic culture, such as the two rivers civilization and the Yellow River civilization. It can also refer to people with similar cultures, such as Christian civilization and Confucian civilization. The criteria for judging the emergence of civilization are mainly the emergence of cities (crowds), the emergence of characters and the establishment of national systems. Cultural change plays a great role in the emergence of civilization. The change of farming methods, the division of labor, the emergence of the ruling class, that is, the central government and the emergence of social classes are all important characteristics of civilization.

Main contents of cooking:

Essentials and research contents of cooking raw materials 1. The concept of cooking raw materials science is a science that studies the types, properties, functions and application values of cooking raw materials. Cooking raw materials are the material basis of cooking. All cooking activities are carried out with cooking raw materials as the processing object. The guarantee of cooking quality, the exertion of cooking function, the generation of cooking effect and the realization of cooking purpose, Cooking materials all play a key role. Our ancestors have rich experience in applying the square area of cooking materials. Now, we need to gradually and deeply understand and study the natural attributes and application principles of cooking materials, so as to form systematic subject knowledge. Second, the research content of cooking materials science includes the following contents: the variety, quantity, classification, geographical distribution, production status, famous and special products and supply of cooking materials; About the organizational structure and properties of cooking materials, the performance, characteristics, quality, use and usage of cooking applications; Regarding the ingredients and functions of cooking materials, the functions and effects of various foods processed by cooking after being eaten by people; With regard to the development process, changing trend and expansion of cooking materials, the nature, function, function and effect of cooking materials are the main contents of this course, especially the changing mechanism of cooking materials in the cooking process, which should be studied as the key contents.

Features:

Nourishing helps to replenish

The concepts of nourishing, helping, benefiting and replenishing were first seen in Huangdi. The smell is combined with it to supplement the essence. These five things are bitter, bitter and salty, and each has its own advantages: they are scattered, closed, slow, urgent, firm or soft; When you hide at four o'clock and five o'clock, you can get sick with five flavors. " It is regarded as the ancient balanced diet theory, because it contains China's viewpoints of balance of yin and yang, coordination of zang-fu organs, harmony of nature and taste, and adaptation to different conditions. Also, because it conforms to China's national conditions, people's sentiments and health requirements, and has been used for thousands of years, many scholars believe that the organic combination of grain, fruit, livestock and vegetables is the traditional dietary structure in China.

Here, "five grains for nourishment" refers to rice, wheat, beans, millet and other grains, which can nourish the true qi of the five internal organs, "benefit the spleen and strengthen the stomach, and all the blessings are based on it", so "those who get the grain will prosper". "Five fruits help" refers to all kinds of fresh fruits, ten fruits and hard fruits, which can help the five grains and balance the nutrition, that is, Li Shizhen pointed out that "assisting grain food to support people's livelihood". "Five animals are beneficial" refers to animal foods such as cattle, sheep, pigs and dogs, which can improve health. "Fresh food is made beautiful and popular" can make up for the lack of vegetarian food. "Five vegetables as filling" refers to all kinds of vegetables, which can enrich the life-sustaining cables, minerals and crude fiber needed by the human body, "assist grain qi and dredge stagnation"; The ancients also thought that "the roots of vegetables are never tired, and everything can be done."

under the guidance of this idea, China cuisine has always paid attention to the combination of cooking raw materials, such as rice side dishes, meat side dishes, dim sum stuffing, noodles with rashness, meat side dishes, meat side dishes, meat side dishes, holidays, eating preserved honey before meals, and reserve fruits for meals. What is more noteworthy is that most Chinese dishes are not made of one material, but two, three, four or even more, such as "family photos" and "Luohanzhai"