Writers use words to express their thoughts and feelings, but what readers see goes far beyond flat words. They rely on imagination to turn words into three-dimensional pictures. Therefore, the sounds and colors in the composition , smell, change and contrast are particularly important.

In addition to cooking delicious dishes, a good chef must also know how to arouse the appetite of diners, so that those who see it will want to eat, and those who eat will be satisfied. Therefore, the chef puts great effort into the presentation of the food so that the food looks full in color, aroma and taste.

1. Sound

Can you imagine what it felt like to watch a silent film? Without sound and color, the effect will be greatly reduced.

In a composition, sound is definitely not the protagonist, but adding sound effects when necessary and appropriate can make the article more lively and intimate.

In the article describing the scene, sound reconciles the excessive defects of the picture, allowing natural sounds such as raindrops falling to the ground, wind blowing through leaves, insects chirping, birds singing, waves crashing on the embankment, as well as different sounds of the city Explain what you want to convey.

Compositions on other themes can also add sounds as appropriate, such as crying, heartbeat, throat clearing, footsteps, etc. As long as you listen attentively, you will feel the sound of the words, as long as you put a little thought into it. , these sounds can embellish your composition.

2. Color

We live in a colorful world, and the articles written cannot be in black and white, but there are many compositions that are just black words on a white background.

To add color to a composition, it depends on observation. Under what circumstances, what color should be highlighted; what color should set off what mood, in the world of words, there are certain rules. We need to read more and think more before we can grasp it accurately.

For example, wind has no color, but we can use the wind to bring out different colors. The wind blows through green trees and grass, blue sky, red roofs, and blue sea. The wind even blows your black hair and blue melancholy heart.

Of course, unnecessary and inappropriate colors will look out of place.

3. Smell

In real life, smell is invisible, but it definitely exists. Just like the aroma of a delicious dish, it won't fill your stomach, but it will whet your appetite. The sense of smell replaces vision, hearing and touch at critical moments. For example, if the food is rancid, we may not be able to tell it, but we can definitely smell it.

The smell of composition makes the way of expression more diverse and lively.

For example, the taste of wind is determined by the direction it comes from. The wind blows along the coast, bringing a strong smell of salt and fish;

The wind blows through the garbage chute, and you smell the rot; the wind blows over the happy people, and you can even smell their laughter. The beautiful scent that comes with it.

Whether it is a beautiful smell or a disgusting stench, there is a wonderful finishing touch.

4. Change and contrast

Changes can be discerned with the naked eye, such as the shift of sunlight, people's emotions and expressions. Changes can also be indirect. For example, when a person changes, or it is a process of growth or aging, we may not be able to detect it in a short period of time, but it is always going on. Using changes can make the article more interesting. There are layers and more depth.

Contrast is often inseparable from change, but the use of contrast is stronger. Whether it is color, sound, light and darkness, mood, or behavior, the role of contrast is to create conflict and make readers feel shocked. Through comparison, the meaning we want to express will be clearer and the effect will be significant.

The use of change and contrast in composition can show the author's careful observation.

5. Summary

When a chef cooks a dish, he will not only focus on color and seasoning, nor will he reverse the priorities and neglect the other, destroying the characteristics of the raw materials and making the food lose its original taste. Similarly, when we write an article, we should not pay too much attention to the use of techniques and cover up the original thoughts and feelings to be expressed.

A good composition should be balanced, prioritized, prioritized, and prioritized.

How to write a good composition for primary school students

Composition part

Composition is a reflection of a person's level of understanding of things and his ability to express language. We must be able to clearly write down what we have seen, heard, felt, and imagined, so that the content is specific, the feelings are true, the sentences are fluent, and the writing is neat. Be careful not to make typos and use common punctuation marks. Develop the habit of observing carefully, thinking carefully, writing diligently, and revising your compositions carefully.

Whether it is a propositional composition, a semi-propositional composition, a free composition, etc., it is nothing more than writing about people, notes, activities, scenes, objects, compositions based on pictures, abbreviations and abbreviations. , rewriting, continuation, practical writing, imaginative writing, etc. We can pay attention to writing a good composition from the following aspects:

1. Review the question clearly. Including review objects (write about people? Write about things? Write about activities? Write about things?); review scope (time, place, quantity, person, etc. range); review focus (grasp the key words of the title, that is, the title).

2. Define the center. One is that the title itself stipulates the center of the article (for example, "A classmate who studies hard"); the other is that it only stipulates the scope of the writing, what content to write, and what center to determine. a profound classmate).

3. Choose materials.

The materials must be able to reflect the core point of the article; the materials must be true; the materials must be representative and typical. The selection of materials requires several rounds of repeated thinking. You can first list the available materials together, and then select the most expressive, specific and fresh materials according to the needs of the question, and arrange the priority and detail.

4. Organize materials. This requires us to make an outline before writing the article, and make it clear in what order to write, what to write first, what to write next, what to write last, how to divide it into paragraphs, how to connect and transition; what to write in detail and what to write in abbreviation; how to start and end. Wait and list them one by one, so that the written article will be clear and organized.

5. Revise carefully. After the article is written, it must be read carefully several times, checking and revising while reading. Modifying the article includes correcting typos, correcting sentences, correct punctuation, paying attention to clarity, and making sure the key parts are specific.

Of course, different types of articles have different specific requirements for writing. For example, when writing about people, you should focus on events and write about the characters' appearance, language, behaviors, and psychological activities. Details that can express the characteristics of the characters should be written in detail. When writing to record events, the cause, process, and results of the event must be written clearly, and the main parts of the event must be written in detail, so that they are appropriately detailed. When writing about an event, the key is to write down several scenes in the event. Articles about scenery should follow a certain order, describe the characteristics of the scenery concretely, vividly and vividly, and use the scenery to express emotions. The key to looking at pictures and composing is to see the meaning of the picture clearly and imagine it rationally. The key to imaginative composition is to boldly develop your imagination, which is both imagination and fantasy, and has significance to reality, expressing your ideals and pursuits. Practical writing requires mastering a certain format, clarifying the purpose of writing, etc.

Is there a "secret" to writing articles?

If students want to write good compositions, they must practice the basic skills of composition in a down-to-earth manner since childhood.

How to practice the basic skills of composition?

Predecessors have summarized several effective experiences for us, namely: observe more, read more, practice writing more, think more, and revise more.

Observe more: that is to say, we should pay attention to observe life and be a thoughtful person in life. In a letter written by Mr. Lu Xun in reply to the "Beidou" magazine's discussion on how to write articles, the first article was "Pay attention to various things, look at more, and don't just write when you see something." For the people, animals, and plants around you, The scenery... must be observed carefully.

Read more: The ancients said: "If you read thousands of volumes, you will write like a god." Reading and reciting some good articles when you are young can help you remember them for a long time, and you can also learn some composition methods. Mr. Lu Xun said: "Any great writer who has been evaluated, his works all explain 'how it should be written.'" Mr. Lu Xun also advocated "breadth and breadth". In addition to reading literature books, you should also read some history, Books on geography, science and technology to increase knowledge and expand horizons. When reading, you must also develop the habit of seriousness. Don't just look at things and ask for detailed explanations. You should work hard to gain something from each book you read.

Practice your pen more: As the saying goes: "A good memory is not as good as a bad pen." Now, many students have begun to write observation diaries and take reading notes. This is good and should be persisted. The late writer Lao She warned us: "To lay a good foundation, the first step is to learn to 'note' and remember one thing every day." "The best tips are to 'write every day' and 'take a pen every day', even if It doesn’t matter if you write a few dozen words.” Because “after you develop the habit, you can grasp the key points even if you don’t remember them. Over time, you will have more things in your stomach.” If you don’t practice, your hands will become weak. The more you practice, the more you write, the more practice makes perfect.

Think more: Mr. Lao She said: "When you read an article, think carefully after reading it. People who can write articles can use one word to express several words, and they will find a suitable one. If you just think about it when reading an article and don’t think about it carefully, you won’t be able to realize its benefits. “You have to think about it when you read an article, and you also have to think about it when you write an article. Just pick up the pen and write, and the result will not be a thousand words. I digress thousands of miles, but I can't finish writing even after writing a few sentences. I have to "squeeze toothpaste", think about one sentence, write one sentence, and ramble on. How can I write such an article well? Only by thinking more can we produce wisdom, by thinking more can we write profound articles, and by thinking more can we write articles vividly.

More revisions: Revision is an important part of writing. If writing an article is compared to producing a product, then modification is an essential "process" in the production process. Some people say that good articles are made by editing them, and this makes sense. In an article, what needs to be changed and what does not need to be changed? We must proceed from reality and carefully add, delete, and modify the article that has been written in terms of conception, material selection, chapter structure, language, punctuation, etc. , making the article more perfect, more thorough, and more accurate to reflect objective reality. Students who are new to writing essays should develop the habit of careful revision.

The "five more" mentioned above are not the "secrets" and "tricks" of writing, but the common sense that must be known to practice the basic skills of composition. .

Narrative reading skills:

1. The role of social environment description: explaining the background of the times, social customs, ideas and other natural environment functions: explaining the time background, exaggerating the atmosphere, expressing the character's personality Character mood, promoting plot development, and deepening the theme

2. Understand the meaning of key words in the narrative: general meaning + deep meaning (connected with context and theme)

3. The meaning of key words Emotions expressed: affirmation, praise, praise, criticism

Satire, denial, refutation

4. Can the added words be replaced: Can A B. Compare these two words C. Which expression is better

Writing techniques and functions:

Environmental description: rendering or highlighting a certain atmosphere or mood to foreshadow the ending of the story Sexual function

Character description: the role of expressing certain thoughts and feelings or character comparisons, rhetorical questions, etc. of the character: highlighting the characteristics of the object

Symbol: symbolizing that the thing has a certain spirit

Case summary:

1. Two elements that must be included: person + thing

2. Other elements: time, place, etc.

Divide paragraphs and summarize the meaning of paragraphs:

Use transitional sentences, paragraphs, words, etc.

Appreciation skills:

Description (psychology, demeanor, appearance, etc.) Action, language) + surface meaning + deep meaning

Understand the meaning and function of words:

1. Understand the content of the words in conjunction with the context.

2. Understand the content summarized by the words in conjunction with the context.

3. Appreciate the expressive effect of words, and figure out the additional meanings such as the mood and color of words.

4. Replacement method:

Replace a word with a synonym and compare the new sentence with the original sentence. Through comparison, you can understand whether it is appropriate or not, and analyze the reasons, so as to Understand the meaning of words.

Analyze the meaning and function of sentences:

1. Understand from the function of content

2. From the structure To understand the function of How to ask: Should a word in a sentence be replaced by another line? Why? Or: Is it good to say a certain sentence of the article into another sentence? Why?

Answer mode: No. Because the word writes + object + effect vividly and concretely (imagery and accurately), after changing it, it becomes + bad effect. Or: No, because the word has a stronger feeling than the other word (or the word is more relevant to the subject's personality traits than the other word).

Answer examples: There are dense forests in the mountains, and springs are hidden in them. Sometimes, a bright pool of spring water flashes through the sparse trees. If you look further, you can no longer find it. The delicate gesture of being half-caught and half-exposed, wanting to be close but staying far away, reminds me of my beloved daughter who often walks around my knees when walking at home. Whenever she sees me reaching out to hold her close, she will run away from me and tease me with a smile. When I pretend to be indifferent and ignore her, she will quietly run closer and cuddle up to my waist. What a naughty child! (Excerpt from "Listening to the Spring in Dinghu Mountain" by Xie Daguang)

Question: "What a naughty child", why not say "What a lovely child"?

Answer: Because "good" has a stronger emotion than "really", and "naughty" is more in line with the character of your beloved daughter than "cute".

Structural category

Questioning method: Can the order of two or three words be reversed? Why?

Answer mode: No. Because (1) it is inconsistent with the way people understand things (from shallow to deep, from surface to interior, from phenomenon to essence) (2) This word has a one-to-one correspondence with the above (3) These words are in a progressive relationship, Linked together, they express...

Answer example: "Remember: Those who want to take advantage often fail to take advantage!" The father pointed to the poached eggs in the bowl and warned his son... "Remember, Those who want to take advantage may suffer!" The father pointed at the egg and taught his son... "Those who don't want to take advantage will not suffer in life!" The father said meaningfully to his son. (Excerpt from "Poached Eggs")

Question: Can the order of the words "warning", "lesson" and "meaningful" in the article be reversed? Why?

Answer: No. Because these three words in the article are in a progressive relationship, they express the father's love for his son.

Rhetorical

Questioning method: What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What are the benefits of writing like this in terms of expression?

Answer mode: Confirm the rhetorical technique + the role of rhetoric itself + combine the sentence context

1. Metaphor, personification: vividly write + object + characteristics.

2. Paralleling: imposing, strengthening the tone, and finishing in one go; spreading out layer by layer, gradually expanding, strengthening the main point, etc.; emphasizing + object + characteristics

3 . Contrast: Emphasize... Highlight...

4. Question: draw the reader's attention and thinking about the + object + characteristics

5. Rhetorical question: emphasize, strengthen the tone, etc. ;

6. Repeat: emphasize + strengthen tone

Answer example: This legend about bosom friends more than 2,000 years ago has been deeply cherished in the hearts of countless descendants of China. Sometimes it makes a small sound, allowing people to chew and reminisce happily; sometimes it roars like a hurricane, urging people to take action quickly. What a pure and sacred sentiment it is to yearn for and yearn for a bosom friend filled with lofty friendship. (Excerpted from the 2002 national volume "Talk about a Friend")

Question: How do you understand this paragraph: "Sometimes it makes a subtle sound, allowing people to chew and reminisce with pleasure; sometimes it roars like a hurricane, What is the expressive function of urging people to take action quickly?

Answer: The rhetorical techniques of metaphor and comparison are used here to vividly express the beauty and spurring effect that the legend of bosom friends brings to people.

2. Question types related to the layout and planning of the article:

Questioning method: What is the role of a certain sentence (paragraph) in the article?

Answer mode:

1. Beginning of the article: opening question; echoing the title; leading to the full text; exaggerating the atmosphere, laying the groundwork; setting up suspense, and providing support for the following.

2. In the text: connect the previous and the following; lead the following; summarize the above; echo the previous text.

3. The end of the article: points out the center; sublimates the feelings and deepens the theme; echoes the beginning, has a rigorous structure; adds the finishing touch; is complete in words but infinite in meaning.

Answer example: I am afraid of my father. He really beats me when he hits me. Watching him widen his eyes, approaching step by step, not daring to hide, tensing up his muscles and waiting, so he slapped him, and his head buzzed... (Excerpted from Han Yu's "The Cowardice Between Father and Son" )

Q: Please briefly analyze the role of the first natural paragraph (i.e. the above) in the work.

Answer: (1) To contrast the father’s love for “me” that is written below; (2) To pave the way for the father’s timidity toward “me” written at the end of the article; (3) To reflect the relationship between father and son The title "Timeless Timidity".

3. Question types about expression techniques:

Art type

Questioning method: What are the benefits, effects, and functions of writing the article this way?

Answer mode: method + content + effect (or function)

Answer example: The trend of generations of descendants of the Yan and Huang Dynasties traveling across the sea, each with its own distinct differences The background, color and connotation cannot be generalized, but they are all silhouettes of the ups and downs of the times, splashing waves in the mighty progress of history. The cohesion of national centripetal forces does not depend on geographical distance. Our first generation of overseas Chinese endured hardships, lived abroad, and had children, but they have always looked forward to China for generations, never forgetting their love for their homeland. When the motherland needed it, they all made generous contributions. As a small island in Hong Kong, everyone from ordinary residents to business owners, gentlemen, nobles, and celebrities have actively donated money to the mainland, expressing their solidarity and friendship through thick and thin. This is a touching example right before our eyes.

Question: The fourth paragraph of this article (i.e., above) describes the trend of generations of descendants of the Yan and Huang Dynasties traveling across the sea, and praises them for not forgetting their hometown, making generous contributions, and being closely related to the motherland. Please combine your emotions and analyze the functions and benefits of writing like this.

Answer: Elevating the rural complex to the level of national cohesion and understanding it enriches and deepens the meaning of the rural complex. It specifically illustrates that the local complex will not fade due to the long distance of time (history) and the barrier of space (geography). It not only echoes the beginning, but also deepens the theme of this article.

Person type

Questioning method: What are the benefits of using this type of person writing? Or: Why change the person's pronoun?

Answer mode: First person: cordial, natural, real, suitable for psychological description; second person: convenient for emotional communication, expressing emotions, and can also play a role in personification; third person: appearing objective and calm, not Limited by time and space, it is convenient for narrative and discussion.

Answer example: But fantasy is fantasy after all, and it cannot be closed if it is closed. The ghost of Princess Jiduo and Fan returned in the moonlit night with the sound of her ring. The bowstring, hardened by the frost, shot out a sharp arrow that broke the throat. Jimen was trampled, Yantai was destroyed, and the sword whistling in the wind overturned Taiye's eyes. As a result, people discovered that the side wall is no longer a barrier, and the purple wall (note: refers to the Great Wall) is no longer a strange place. It becomes ridiculous, as if it has been ridiculed by time and space. It aged prematurely due to erosion by wind and sand.

So I say, you are a symbol of cultural ignorance, Great Wall! (Excerpt from the 2000 national volume "The Great Wall")

Question: In this prose, ⑴ the author mainly writes about the Great Wall in the second person. What are the advantages of writing like this? ⑵The end of the sixth paragraph is changed to the third person "it". What is the reason?

Answer: ⑴Personification of the Great Wall: A. It is easier to talk to the Great Wall, B. It is easier to express feelings. ⑵Because this sentence is derived from "it was discovered by people", it writes about the feelings of "people", rather than the author directly expressing his feelings to the Great Wall.

4. Question types about summarizing the key points of the content:

Questioning method: Please summarize the key points of a certain paragraph (or the full text).

Answer mode: divided into three steps, the first step is to divide the level of this paragraph, the second step is to extract key words, and the third step is to integrate the answers.

Answer example: My mother loves flowers, and I also love flowers. I live in the countryside of Shimen, with two small yards in front and back, so I plant a lot of miscellaneous plants, which produce many beautiful flowers according to the season. Sometimes when I sit in front of the porch, the sweet-scented osmanthus brings a light fragrance, and I feel like I have become quiet and elegant. In the summer evening, jasmine will keep blooming. If I pick two or three flowers and put them in my hand, all the memories of my youth will appear in front of me with its fragrance. I think that maybe what I love is not the flowers, but all the passing time. Behind every flower, there are memories that I cherish. (Excerpt from "The World of Flowers" by Xi Murong)

Q: This paragraph describes the reasons why I love flowers. It can be summarized into three points. Please summarize it.

Analysis: Among the four sentences, it is obvious that the first two sentences are one layer each, and the last two sentences are one layer each. Then extract the key words of each layer "mother's love flower", "quiet and elegant" and "cherished memory", and finally integrate the answers.

Answer: (1) Influenced by my mother’s love for flowers (2) Flowers make me quiet and elegant (3) Flowers contain my cherished memories.

5. Question types about appreciating character images:

Questioning method: Please briefly analyze the image of the protagonist in the article

Answer mode: According to the total score (points total) to answer. First use one sentence to make a qualitative analysis of the character as a whole, and then make a quantitative analysis from several aspects; you can also first make a quantitative analysis from several aspects, and then use one sentence to make a qualitative summary.

Answer example: The hostess quickly discovered my abnormal behavior. She smelled the smell of oil smoke in the house. Questions were immediately raised. At that time, I was standing in the kitchen, intoxicated, listening to the cries of the three brothers. I could already accurately distinguish the subtle differences in their voices. If one of them didn't call me, I would be very worried. The hostess said, you idiot, if you don’t use the range hood, are you crazy? When I first worked for her, she called me four words - Literary Youth. These four words were spoken in her authentic Beijing dialect, and they seemed extremely vicious. Three months after she hired me, she called me a fool and said she didn't fire me because I didn't look like the others that would scare her.

I motioned to her to be quieter and whispered, there is a nest of little sparrows in the chimney, they are my brothers. The hostess looked at me up and down (as if I was some kind of monster), turned and walked out of the kitchen. At the door, she squeezed out two words through her teeth - farmer. I like this title, although it is equally vicious, but I am indeed an out-and-out farmer. I think there is nothing shameful about being a farmer. (Excerpt from "Brothers in the Chimney" by An Yong)

Q: What kind of character is the "mistress" in the article? Please summarize it in one sentence and give an example.

Answer: It is the image of a city dweller who despises farmers who work in cities. For example: Two words squeezed out from between the teeth - farmer.

(Or extremely viciously refer to "me" as a "literary youth", "idiot", etc.)

Expository reading

1. Explanation method

1 . Give examples: specific images 2. Use metaphors: vivid images 3. Make comparisons: highlight 4. Classify: clearly organized 5. List numbers: specific and accurate 6. Define: scientific and accurate 7. Quote: more specific

2. Explanatory language

1 Accuracy 2 Plain and vivid

Narrative reading