1. Geographical location
The capital of Hubei Province is located in the east of Jianghan Plain, where the middle reaches of the Yangtze River meet the Hanshui River. East longitude 113 41'-115 5', north latitude 29 58'-31 22'. China is one of the 15 sub-provincial cities and one of the seven central cities in China. It is the largest city in Central China, the financial center, transportation center and cultural center in Central China of China, and the mega-center city in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River, the third largest river in the world, and its longest tributary, Hanshui River, cut Wuhan into three parts, forming a pattern in which Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang are separated by the river. Li Bai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote here that "Yu Di blows in the Yellow Crane Tower, and plum blossoms fall in Jiangcheng in May", so Wuhan has been called "Jiangcheng" since ancient times.
2. Climate of Four Seasons
Wuhan belongs to the humid climate zone of north subtropical monsoon, with abundant rainfall, abundant sunshine and distinct four seasons. In a year, the average temperature in January is the lowest, 1℃; The average temperature in July and August is the highest, 28.7℃, and the summer lasts for 135 days. Because Wuhan is located at 3 degrees north latitude, the height of the sun can reach 83 degrees at noon in summer, living inland and far from the ocean, the surrounding terrain, such as basins, is easy to dissipate heat, there are many rivers and lakes, and there is a lot of water vapor at night, coupled with the urban heat island effect and the control of subtropical high in summer drought, the highest temperature in the urban area can reach 42 degrees, which is very sultry, and it is one of the three major stoves in China. The extreme temperature is 44.5℃ at the highest and -18℃ at the lowest. The rainy season in early summer is relatively concentrated, and the annual precipitation is 15 ~ 12mm. The active accumulated temperature in Wuhan is between 5℃ and 53℃, and the annual frost-free period is 24 days.
3. Administrative Districts
Wuhan has jurisdiction over Jiang 'an (7), Jianghan (8), Qiaokou (9), Hanyang (1), Wuchang (11), Qingshan (12), Hongshan (6), Caidian (3) and Jiangxia (5). The first seven are central cities. It has jurisdiction over 18 sub-district offices, 21 towns, 15 townships and 3,14 mass organizations, including 1,17 community residents' committees and 2,33 villagers' committees.
4. Natural resources
Wuhan has unique natural resources, which are rare in big cities at home and abroad. First, adequate water resources. The city is criss-crossed, with lakes and harbors intertwined. The Yangtze River and Hanshui River meet in the center of the city, and accept the north and south branches to flow into the confluence. Many large and small lakes are embedded on both sides of the river, forming a lake and marsh water network. The city has a water area of 2,25.6 square kilometers, accounting for 25.79% of the city's total area, ranking first among big cities in China. The second is inexhaustible products and biological resources. The city is known as the land of plenty, with more than 24 varieties of food crops. 5 cash crops, * * *; Fish resources, ***11 orders, 11 families, 88 species, aquatic animals, * * * 8 orders, 14 families, 45 species. Third, there are abundant mineral resources. At present, 38 kinds of mineral resources have been discovered in our city, among which 24 kinds of minerals with proven reserves (excluding groundwater) account for 3.38% of the minerals with proven reserves in the province. The accumulated proven reserves are 961.2565 million tons, and the retained mineral reserves are 798.2975 million tons. Non-metallic mineral resources are very rich, mainly including Shi Ying sandstone for building materials, clay for brick and tile, limestone for ash making, limestone for flux and dolomite for metallurgy, etc. Among them, the reserves of bentonite, metallurgical dolomite and glass Shi Ying sandstone rank first in the province, and the reserves of gypsum rank third in the province. There are 384 mineral deposits with proven reserves in the city, including 4 large-scale mineral deposits, 1 medium-sized mineral deposits, 43 small-scale mineral deposits and 327 ore occurrences.
5. General situation of finance
Wuhan is the largest industrial and commercial city in Central China, with a complete industrial system of steel, automobile, optoelectronics, chemical industry, metallurgy, textile, shipbuilding, manufacturing and medicine. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the period of the National Government, the three towns in Wuhan were once known as "Chicago of the East". After the founding of New China, Wuhan is a national key industrial base, and a large number of "Wu" prefix enterprises such as WISCO, Wuzhong, Wuguo, Wuchuan and Meat Federation have been built one after another, greatly enhancing Wuhan's economic status and urban strength. In 1959, Wuhan's total industrial output value was second only to Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin, ranking fourth in the country [2], and this ranking remained until the early days of reform and opening up. After the mid-198s, with the country vigorously promoting the coastal opening-up strategy, coupled with the backwardness of its own ideas and slow pace of reform, Wuhan, located in the hinterland of central China, was gradually overtaken by many cities in the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Rim regions. This situation has changed after entering the 21st century, and its urban appearance and economic development have made great progress.
industry
Wuhan is an important industrial base in China. Now it has formed an industrial system with relatively complete categories and strong supporting capacity. Wuhan is vigorously developing modern manufacturing industry, focusing on promoting industrial technology upgrading and cluster development. Focus on the development of steel, automobiles and machinery and equipment, electronic information, petrochemical industry, environmental protection, tobacco and food, home appliances, textiles and clothing, medicine, paper making and packaging and printing. At the same time, use industrial policies to guide enterprises to concentrate in the park. Focus on the development of iron, steel, chemical and environmental protection industries, automobile and electromechanical industries, optoelectronics and biomedicine industries, food industries and urban industries.
foreign investment
Wuhan is one of the first cities in China to open to the outside world along the Yangtze River, and has always been a hot spot and one of the first choice cities for foreign investment in the central and western regions. At present, Wuhan is the city with the highest French investment in China. As of October 18th, 26, the total amount of various French investments in Wuhan has reached nearly 2.2 billion US dollars, accounting for one third of all French investments in China. In addition, among all foreign investments in Wuhan, Hong Kong has the largest proportion.
finance and commerce
compared with other capital cities in central China, Wuhan's main financial indicators are in the forefront. As of August 29, there are five financial institutions headquartered in Wuhan, including Hankou Bank, changjiang securities, Hezhong Life Insurance, Bank of Communications International Trust and TF Securities. Twenty Chinese banks and five foreign banks have established business offices in Wuhan. Among them, China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Construction Bank, China Agricultural Bank and China Bank have more than 1 business outlets in Wuhan, and the density of banks in Wuhan ranks first in central China and fifth in the country. At the same time, Wuhan is the only cross-provincial branch of China People's Bank, which is responsible for the jurisdiction of Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi [5]. Relying on the existing foundation and great potential of Wuhan's financial industry in the future, Hubei Province and Wuhan City plan to build Wuhan into a financial center based in Hubei and radiating the central region of neighboring provinces.
Wuhan City Circle
On November 8, 23, Hubei Province made a major strategic decision: to build "Wuhan City Circle". Wuhan city circle, also known as "1+8", takes Wuhan as the center and includes eight cities around Huangshi, Ezhou, Huanggang, Xiaogan, Xianning, Xiantao, Tianmen and Qianjiang. The construction of city circle involves many fields such as industry, transportation, education, finance and tourism. Hubei 9 municipal government departments took the initiative to dismantle market barriers and build a cooperation platform. Industry and commerce, personnel, education and other departments promise to establish an integrated policy framework in terms of market access, talent flow, children's enrollment, and residents' employment, so as to improve the overall competitiveness of the city circle. In December 27, the central government officially approved Wuhan metropolitan area as a national "two-oriented" special zone.
6. Transportation
The thoroughfare of nine provinces
Wuhan has always been known as the "thoroughfare of nine provinces" and is the largest land, sea and air transportation hub in China. It is about 1, kilometers away from Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Xi 'an and other big cities in China, and is the "heart" of China's economic geography, which has the functions of connecting the east with the west, connecting the north and the south, and maintaining. Five railway trunk lines, namely Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Kowloon, Handan, Shanghai-Hanrong and Jinggang, and six national highways, including Beijing-Zhuhai and Lurong, meet here, and Wuhan is becoming one of the four major railway transportation hubs in China. Water transport has formed a passenger and freight network of "integration of trunk and branch, connecting the river with the sea", and Wuhan Port is an important hub port and opening port in the Yangtze River basin of China. Wuhan Tianhe Airport, the largest airport in Central China, is the only entry and exit port in Central China that can handle visas on arrival, and it is the four major hub airports in China. The huge regional transportation advantage has promoted the rapid development of modern logistics industry in Wuhan. With the goal of building a national logistics hub city, a modern logistics system with modern logistics parks, logistics centers and distribution centers as nodes is rationally planned and laid out, and Wuhan's function as a bridge linking the domestic and foreign markets and promoting the interaction between eastern, central and western China is gradually emerging.
Highway
The total mileage of Wuhan Highway reaches 11,39 kilometers (including Tongcun Highway)
National Highway \ Provincial Highway: National Highway 316, National Highway 318, National Highway 16, National Highway 17 and 16 provincial highways meet here.
Expressways: Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway, Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway, Hanshi Expressway, Tianhe Airport Expressway, Tianhe Airport Second Airport Expressway (opened in 29), Wuhan Outer Ring Expressway, Hancai Expressway, Hanyi Expressway, Hezuo Expressway (under construction), Hanhong Expressway, Xiaoxiao Expressway (opened in 29), Daihuang Expressway and Han Expressway. Wuhan is actively building a "half-hour traffic circle" between the central city of Wuhan and Wuhan Ring Road (Wuhan Outer Ring Road), a "one-hour traffic circle" between Wuhan and eight cities in 8+1, and a "four-hour traffic circle" between Wuhan and surrounding provincial capitals.
Railway
Wuhan is one of the most important railway hubs in China, located at the intersection of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, Handan Railway, Changjing Railway, Wujiu Railway, Wuma Railway, Shanghai-Hanrong Railway and Beijing-Hong Kong High-speed Railway. Beijing-Guangzhou Railway passes through the city, and there are four intercity railways under construction: Wuhan-Guangzhou Railway Passenger Dedicated Line (Jinggang Railway Passenger Dedicated Line), Shiwu Railway Passenger Dedicated Line (Jinggang Railway Passenger Dedicated Line), Hanyi Express Railway (Huhanrong Railway Passenger Dedicated Line) and Wuhan-Ezhou-Huangshi, Wuhan-Xiaogan, Wuhan-Huanggang and Wuhan-Xianning.
Aviation
Wuhan is the aviation center in Central China. There used to be three passenger airports in Wuhan: Nanhu Airport, Wangjiadun Airport and Tianhe International Airport. After Nanhu Airport was moved to Tianhe International Airport, there was also a situation in which two passenger airports in one city were used at the same time. Later, due to the needs of urban development and the development of aviation business in Wuhan, Wuhan Airlines (now Eastern Airlines Wuhan Co., Ltd.), which was originally operated at Wangjiadun Airport, also moved to Wuhan Tianhe International Airport.
Wuhan Tianhe International Airport, a 4E-class airport, is the only comprehensive hub airport and the largest aircraft maintenance base in Central China designated by the Civil Aviation Administration of China.
water transport
Wuhan is an important port of the Yangtze River and the largest port in Central China. There are Hannan Shamao Port, Yangsi Port, Wuhan Port and Yangluo Port. Wuhan Port is the transit point of the Yangtze River "golden waterway".
Bridges
Because of the unique geographical environment, there are many bridges in Wuhan. On the Yangtze River, from upstream to downstream, there are five highway Yangtze River Bridges: Wuhan Junshan Yangtze River Bridge (4th Yangtze River Bridge), Wuhan Baishazhou Yangtze River Bridge (3rd Yangtze River Bridge), Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge (1st Yangtze River Bridge and Road-Rail Bridge), Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel, wuhan yangtze river bridge, Wuhan Erqi Yangtze River Bridge (7th Yangtze River Bridge under construction), Wuhan Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge and Wuhan Yangluo Yangtze River Bridge (5th Yangtze River Bridge). From upstream to downstream, there are six highway bridges and two railway bridges on the Hanjiang River, namely, Wuhan Outer Ring Hanshui Bridge, Huhanrong Railway Bridge (under construction), Changfeng Bridge, Zhiyin Bridge (Wuhan Jianghan Second Bridge), Railway Bridge, Yuehu Bridge, Wuhan Jianghan First Bridge and Qingchuan Bridge. In 29, Wuhan will start to build the Sanguan Bridge on the Hanjiang River, which is also the ninth bridge on the Hanjiang River in Wuhan and the Yingwuzhou Yangtze River Bridge (Yangtze River Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is the first bridge in Wanli Yangtze River. Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel, the "First Tunnel of Wanli Yangtze River", was completed and opened to traffic at the end of 28. Moreover, there are many overpasses in Wuhan. Since 27, the construction of overpasses in Wuhan has reached its peak due to the requirement of the Wuhan Municipal Government to build a 3-minute unblocked project in Wuhan.
Wuhan River Tunnel
Wuhan Yangtze River Tunnel (completed, started on November 28th, 24, with a total construction period of 45 months, was commissioned and put into operation from December 28th, 28 to March 29. After that, gradually improve the management methods of tunnel operation and maintenance, and sort out the relevant materials for completion and acceptance, and the "Yangtze River First Tunnel" will not be officially opened to traffic until 211.
7. Dialects
Wuhan is located in the central region, and various dialects meet to form a special Wuhan dialect. Wuhan dialect is the mother tongue of most residents in Wuhan city, and it is also popular throughout Wuhan city and even Wuhan city circle. Wuhan dialect belongs to the southwest mandarin in dialect of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of dialects of
In recent years, Mandarin has exerted a strong influence on Wuhan dialect, causing the distinctive phonetic, grammatical and lexical phenomena of Wuhan dialect to be greatly replaced by Mandarin, forming a new Wuhan dialect, which is particularly common in areas with dense universities. To some extent, the new Wuhan dialect can be understood as Mandarin with changed tone. Xia Yutian, an artist in Wuhan, described Wuhan dialect as "clever in handling affairs and chattering in his throat". Due to the government's vigorous promotion, Mandarin began to influence the pronunciation of Wuhan dialect. At the same time, Wuhan also has "Bend the Tube Putonghua", that is, putting Wuhan dialect on the tone of Putonghua, which is usually used for fun. Wu Hanyou TV Station has opened up dialect programs, such as "News Story Meeting" and "City Teahouse" and "A Xing laughs and talks long".
8. Gourmet snacks
Snacks in Wuhan are mainly breakfast, and people in Wuhan call it "premature". Breakfast has always been very important for Wuhan people, so it is always rich in content and variety too early. Regan Noodles is a major feature of Wuhan. Wuhan cuisine inherits the style of Hubei cuisine. There are many rivers and lakes in Hubei, and aquatic products are extremely rich. Therefore, it is essential to serve fresh river on the table in Wuhan. Wuchang fish is famous in five continents because of Chairman Mao Zedong's famous sentence "Only drink Changsha water and eat Wuchang fish" in 1958. There is also the liangzi lake river crab, which is also an indispensable delicacy on the table of Wuhan people. Regan Noodles, Mianwo, Mibapa, fish sauce paste powder, roasted plum, Huanxituo, baked cake, fried dumpling, dumpling, wonton, glutinous rice chicken, bean skin, scattered seeds, oil mound, Jingwu Road duck neck, soup dumpling, baked sweet potato, glutinous rice wrapped fried dough sticks, crisp dumpling, rice cake and steamed buns. Four Seasons Beauty-Tangbao, Cai Linji-Regan Noodles, Tan Yanji-Dumplings, Shunxiangju-Roasted Plum, Fuqinghe-Beef Rice Noodle, Wufangzhai-Tangyuan, Xiaotaoyuan-Simmered Soup, Laoqianji-Beef Bean Shredded, Noodle Nest, Tian Qiheng-Muddled Soup Powder, Beef Bones with New Agricultural Characteristics.