Link: Nalan Xingde's Miscellaneous Notes on Dew Pavilion, which describes the south gate of Huairou ancient city, Luohong and Diaoyutai of Huaihe River.

In the Qing Dynasty, there was a palace outside the south gate of Huairou City for the emperor to live in. The appearance of the palace originated from the nearby Gion Temple. Speaking of Tanyuan Temple, we have to say "Three Churches" in Ming Dynasty.

At the beginning of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Huairou set up a county. The county seat was built in the 13th or 14th year of Hongwu. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, there were three churches on the west side outside the south gate of the county. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, three churches appeared and merged into sacred temple buildings. Generally speaking, the main worshippers in the hall are Sakyamuni of Buddhism, Laozi of Taoism and Confucius of Confucianism. Because of the unity of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, it is named.

Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, people have painted "three portraits" of Zhang Xinyang in the farmer's bookstore in Tang Zheng for morning worship. In fact, in addition to the famous city of Dayi, this mode of ignoring sects and integrating beliefs is also common in other temples. In most counties and towns in the north, Buddhist temples, Taoist temples and hatchback halls of temples are dedicated to gods that are not directly related to the Lord and the God of the main hall. This phenomenon reflects the practical characteristics of the pursuit of convenient worship in Lishe Village.

Later, under the influence of the idea that "the three religions have their own paths and all return to goodness", monks, Taoist priests, students and businessmen began to build these three churches spontaneously. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the government departments of monks and nuns adopted a vague attitude of not supporting or opposing this comprehensive worship form and its temples. By the time of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, it was basically acquiesced.

There is no textual research on the specific appearance time and builders of the three churches outside Huairou South Gate. According to the relevant records in the Qing Dynasty's Huairou County Records, it is speculated that the three churches in Huairou appeared no later than the apocalypse of the Ming Dynasty. Decades later, in the middle of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, although the temple existed, it was in ruins. At that time, the monks were afraid that the temple would overthrow and destroy the Buddha statues, so they invited the Buddha statues outside the courtyard one by one, "sitting on a windy day and covering the statues with tiles and other things." In the forty-ninth year of Kangxi, three churches were abandoned and the Gion Temple was built on the original site. This reconstruction is related to the change of Imperial Road from the capital to chengde mountain resort in Qing Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, the postal route from Shi Jing to Miyun passed through the south gate of Huairou City from west to east. In the twentieth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, a palace and a royal villa were established in Chengde (Luanhe Town). Chengde mountain resort was founded in 42. In the past Spring and Autumn Period, the Qing emperor had to travel back and forth between the capital and Chengde, and this ancient post road evolved into an imperial road with both post road functions.

In the forty-sixth year of Kangxi, the imperial road in Huairou section was changed from the eastern line to the western line. That is, Shunyi Nanshicao, Ziqiao, Fengshankou, Huairou Nanmen, Beifang and Li Yuanzhuang leave the county and enter Miyun. Because the emperor went to Chengde for summer vacation, hunting and dealing with political affairs, princes, kings and courtiers also needed to report back and forth frequently, but sometimes they had to stay in Huairou in case it rained.

"County Records" contains: Before Huairou built the palace, "a dragon shed was set up on the left side of the three churches outside the south gate of the county every year". The dragon shed used by the emperor in his daily life is also called "dragon shed" and "greenhouse", surrounded by curtain tents accompanying the royal family and ministers. According to historical records, when the weather was fine, the emperor's dragon tent was set up on both sides of the West River (Huaihe River) after crossing the peak pass, which is very close to the Diaoyutai where Tong Guowei is located. But it is often located near three churches outside the south gate of the county. The former site of "Three Churches" is the location of today's "Nine Nine Hotels". In the middle of Kangxi, these three churches were converted into Gion Temple.

Records of Confucian Temple in Huairou County: Tanyuan Temple is located on the west side outside the south gate. In April of the forty-ninth year of Kangxi, when Emperor Kangxi once again exported from Changchun Garden to Chengde, He Guifei, the attendant of Huiqing Palace (there were no records of Huiqing Palace and He Guifei in the twelfth and last three palaces of the Qing Dynasty, but there was a princess palace "Huiqing Palace" in the Qing Dynasty) had a strange dream not long ago. "In my dream, there seems to be tiles on the head of a nun standing on the side of the road.

This time, the imperial concubine followed the holy driving to the south gate of Huairou County. After seeing the scenes of Buddha statues in three church courtyards, she felt that it was consistent with the dream. Subsequently, Emperor Kangxi, who took the opportunity to "please donate", was allowed. The Forbidden City donated money, and the temple courtyard was soon completed. Emperor Kangxi "gave it to Gion Temple". The monk in the temple gave Yinmi clothes and cloth. He had a normal forehead when he was 18 years old. There is a theater building in front of the temple. Once a year, there is a Mid-Autumn Festival Magnolia Festival, and the Quartet will perform for three days.

In order to facilitate the emperor, empress, empress dowager and members of the royal family to "stay in Huairou" to rest, worship Buddha and burn incense, silver was set aside on the east side of Gion Temple to build Huairou Palace. The specific location of the palace is on the outside of the city wall west of Nanmen Wengcheng, including the inside, west side and south side of Kanghong Hotel.

In the fifty-third year of Kangxi, the expanded palace included "one door and two doors; There are five front halls and three east and west wing rooms; One in the east and one in the west; There are five back halls and three east and west wing rooms; There are five back cover rooms and seven front cover rooms; Three back drilling rooms, three front drilling rooms and three inverted rooms; There are four west doors, three east rooms, three east rooms and five east rooms. There are three enclosed houses in the east, six in the south, five in the middle and five in the north; There are five restaurants in the east and five restaurants on the third floor of Rongcheng. There are five warehouses at the door. "

Except for the office boy's room, there are only 10 1 rooms for the palace and civil servants. The roofs of the palace are glazed tiles, big roofs, big eaves and red walls and yellow tiles. The palace is arranged in the east and west courtyards, and the imperial book of Emperor Kangxi hangs in the east room of the main hall: "As far as you can see, the blue sea is boundless, as far as your heart is concerned, the white clouds are scattered"; "The West Chamber" wrote: "Huang Yun is full of incense, and the painting screen wants to drag the blue fog." . The Buddhist temple said: "The road is exquisite, the temple is clear, and the collar is really fragrant." . The east room of the back hall said, "The breeze and willows are cool, and the original eyes are exposed in the countryside." The management personnel stationed in the palace are "four eunuchs, one posted guard and twenty scouts".

According to the statistics of historical materials in Qing Dynasty, the highest utilization rate of Huairou Palace was in Kangxi and Qianlong dynasties, and the emperors of the two dynasties stayed in Huairou Palace for about forty times. Every time the emperor passed through Huairou, he stayed there for the night and set out the next day. However, during the Qianlong period, due to the destruction of Yanqi River Bridge, the emperor was stranded in Huairou for three times.

During the emperor's stay in Huairou Palace, the Huairou county magistrate and the garrison went on a pilgrimage. Every time they make a pilgrimage, the "Juzhu Officer" on duty around the emperor must record the pilgrimage in the Juzhu file. However, due to the accent of the county magistrate and the garrison, some people's names are often mistaken. For example, "Minister, Wu worshiped my emperor for a long time" is recorded as "Wu". If necessary, the county magistrate, the garrison, the Changping Prefecture, and the well-known officials will kneel at the peak of the county in advance to prepare for the emperor's inquiry.

In the late Qing Dynasty, the emperor seldom went to chengde mountain resort, and the night patrol chores in Huairou Palace were abolished again and again. In the early years of the Republic of China, the palace was in a state of ruin; 1947, when the Kuomintang defenders were defending the city, the palace was demolished. After liberation, it was used in bazaars, and was later occupied by Huairou First Hotel, tobacco and alcohol companies and other units.

Undoubtedly, the Gion Temple rebuilt by three churches has contributed to the construction of Huairou Palace. However, the rebuilt Yuan Tan Temple in Huairou County is dominated by Buddhism. Its architecture: including "three front halls to hide statues on the ground;" The statues of the three religions have three back halls, like banners, all outside ouchi. There are three front and rear halls, three east and west halls and one bell and drum tower. There are three meditation halls and three temples before and after. "

In the front hall, a large plaque of "showing the truth" was engraved, and a scroll of "Heart Sutra Pagoda" was given to the imperial pen in clay gold regular script, which was hidden in the hall. From the statues of the three religions in the back hall of the temple, it can be seen that although the three churches have become Gion Temple, Gion Temple still belongs to the nature of three religions under one roof. Today, it is hard to say which of the three saints, Confucius, Sakyamuni and Laozi, is in the middle and which two are around. However, it can be seen from the main hall of the rebuilt Gion Temple that the newly-built Gion Temple seems to be different when it is placed in the main theme. The layout of "the front hall is an underground storage room, and there are meditation halls in both front and back halls" obviously focuses on Buddhism. Therefore, the rebuilt Gion Temple should be dominated by Buddhism. It can be further speculated that the statues of the three religions provided by Houdian must be centered on Sakyamuni Buddha.

The "just-in-sight Garden" of the "just-in-sight Garden Temple" is taken from the allusion in Buddhist scriptures, that is, Prince Ruotuo donated trees to provide land for the lonely elderly and created a lonely garden. Today, the inscription on the "Diamond Sutra" of the Hongluo Temple Apocalypse Bell begins: "If so, I have heard it. At that time, the Buddha gave Swasti a tree in his lonely garden ... ". "Ruoshu" is a tree planted by Prince Ruotuo. "For loneliness" is to provide shelter for the loneliness of widowhood. Therefore, at the beginning of its establishment, Gion Temple took "three religions returning to goodness" as its call and donated money to help the poor as its purpose.

Because the Nanmencuoyuan Temple in Huairou County was built by the emperor and is adjacent to the Forbidden City, Changping House, Bachanglusi and Huairou County are naturally responsible for the management of the temple. Gion Temple was built in the fiftieth year of Kangxi, and by the sixty-first year of Kangxi, it was not only full of incense, but also often held "quartet performances".

However, from the fifth year of Yongzheng to the Qianlong period, out of the need of ideological rule, the Qing court began to explicitly prohibit the joint worship of the three religions. If you don't hold the post, you will be awarded the article. Ban three churches, or destroy, or change Buddhist temples, or change the righteousness. After nine years of Qianlong, all counties in the country "serve the Ministry of Culture, straighten out the three religions, withdraw Buddhism from other places, or change their righteousness". Because Huairou Gion Temple is also a three-church, it must be destroyed, changed and demolished. However, it was built by the first emperor after all, and the Huairou government never dared to act rashly. After reporting to Changping Prefecture, Shuntianfu and even the Ministry of Rites, it was still obtained that "the temple gods need not be demolished and put into the palace for the general use of eunuchs and soldiers in charge of patrolling." However, with the decline in the utilization rate of the palace, the original Gion Temple building is no longer maintained and gradually destroyed and disappeared.

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