28 Department of Western Economics, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics

1. Conceptual analysis (4 points for each question, 2 points for * * *)

1. Producer equilibrium and consumer equilibrium

2. Capital deepening and capital diversification

345 can't really be remembered, but it must be from a book and relatively simple

The maximum value of MPL) find your own book

2. The last calculation in the chapter of golden ratio (beyond the scope of the previous year's exam) find your own book

3. Short answer questions (8 points for each question, ***32 points)

1. What is the impact of Phillips curve on rational expectations?

2. Derivation of various cost curves (from TC,TVC to AC? AVC? MC)

3. Briefly describe the reason why there is no regular * * * curve in an imperfect competitive market

4. Can't you remember? (It is a common macro topic)

Fourth, the essay topic (14 points each, ***28 points)

1. What is the long-term equilibrium difference between a perfectly competitive manufacturer and a monopolistic competitor? Comparing the two markets

2. Briefly describe several basic theories of macroeconomics, And explain its role in reality

part of industrial economics

1. Briefly describe the influence of product differentiation on demand (1 points)

2. Enlightenment from Williamson's maximization of managers' utility (1 points)

3. Try to describe the influence of economies of scale and average unit cost on preventing entry into pricing behavior (15 points)

4. Analyze the influence of perfect competition market and perfect monopoly market on enterprise's innovation power and the difference between them (15 points)

9

1. Conceptual questions: Please choose the correct answer from the four options below each question and tick "√" (* * * 1 questions, 3 points for each question)

1. Which item does his net income belong to:

A. Gross national product of China

B. Gross national product of the host country

C. Gross domestic product of China

D. Exports of the host country

2. Which of the following items does not belong to the current account of the balance of payments:

A. Trade balance of commodities

. Put forward three psychological laws. Which of the following four items is not within these three laws:

A, diminishing marginal propensity to consume

B, diminishing marginal efficiency of capital

C, liquidity preference

D, and diminishing wealth

4. The following four statements are all related to Coase theorem, and one of them is inaccurate. Please indicate which one it is:

A, Coase Theorem emphasizes the importance of clearly defining property rights

B, Coase Theorem shows that transaction cost is a factor leading to market failure

C, the policy meaning of Coase Theorem is to completely exclude market regulation mechanism

D, Coase Theorem promotes the development of new institutional economics

5, under what circumstances, The bilateral exchange rate determined by "law of one price" may be the same as that determined by "purchasing power parity":

A,

B under the condition of free trade,

C under the condition of completely floating exchange rate,

D under the condition of market segmentation,

6 under the condition that the markets of all countries are not completely competitive and the transaction cost is zero, the producer surplus can be obtained under the condition of short-term equilibrium. The surplus value of this producer is equal to:

A, definite integral of AVC function from zero output to balanced output

B, definite integral of AC function from zero output to balanced output

C, definite integral of MC function from zero output to balanced output

D, definite integral of price line (that is, demand function) from zero output to balanced output

7. In the following expressions about natural unemployment rate, Which is wrong:

A, the natural unemployment rate is the unemployment rate at full employment

B, the natural unemployment rate is the unemployment rate unaffected by monetary factors

C, the natural unemployment rate is the unemployment rate corresponding to the vertical Phillips curve

D, and the natural unemployment rate is a periodic unemployment rate

8. Paul? Krugman's international trade theory of economies of scale:

A, absolute cost difference of similar products between the two countries

B, relative cost difference of similar products between the two countries

C, resource endowment difference between the two countries

D, economies of scale in the production of different products between the two countries

9. For short-term production function and short-term cost function with fixed costs, Which of the following statements is wrong:

A, the lowest point of MC corresponds to the highest point of MP

B, the lowest point of AVC corresponds to the highest point of AP

C, the lowest point of AC corresponds to the highest point of TP

D, and the output corresponding to the lowest point of AC is greater than the output corresponding to the lowest point of AVC

1. Which of the following transactions reflects the consumption expenditure of the United States:

A. Boeing sold an airplane to the US Air Force

B, Boeing sold an airplane to American Airlines

C, Boeing sold an airplane to Air France

D, and Boeing sold an airplane to Bill? Gates sold an airplane

2. Short answer: (***5 questions, with 1 points for each question)

1. Suppose that the utility of a consumer is U(x,y)=ln(x)+y, and the constraint condition is M = M=PxX+PyY. Try to briefly explain it in combination with figures:

(1) This.

(2) which of the two commodities, X and Y, is more in line with the characteristics of daily necessities, and why?

2. Combined with IS-LM curve, briefly explain how the government may affect the balanced income and interest rate level if it increases fiscal expenditure and is accompanied by the policy of loosening monetary policy.

3. Explain briefly why the optimal conditions of exchange plus production are not equal to the optimal conditions of exchange plus production?

4. Assuming that people's demand curve for public goods is known, what is the difference between the respective optimal quantity determination of public goods and private goods?

5. Explain briefly: why the equilibrium position of the maximum profit of a monopoly manufacturer facing a linear demand curve is not in the lower half of the demand curve.

3. Calculation questions: (***2 questions, each with 1 points):

1. The demand curve faced by a complete monopoly manufacturer is Q=12-2P, where q is output, p is price, unit is yuan, and cost function is TC = q * q. Try to find:

(1).

(2) Efficiency loss caused by monopoly (i.e. pure loss)

(3) If the government levies a 15 yuan on the manufacturer for every unit of product sold, what is the output, price and profit of the manufacturer when the profit is maximized?

2. suppose there are 1 consumers in the market for a certain commodity, and 5% of the commodity is bought by 75 consumers who are the same with each other, and the demand price elasticity of each of them is 2, while the other 5% of the commodity is bought by the other 25 consumers who are connected with each other, and the demand price elasticity of each of them is 3. Try to find the demand price elasticity of these 1 consumers.

4. Analysis and discussion questions: (***3 questions, including 15 points for the first two questions and 2 points for the third question)

1. If the government levies sales tax on the sellers of products, it will lead to an upward shift in the supply curve of goods under other conditions unchanged. However, according to the specific shape of the supply-demand curve, the actual tax burden is different. Assuming that the demand curve of goods is a straight line with negative slope, try to analyze it with graphs:

(1) Under what circumstances can the tax burden be completely passed on to the buyer?

(2) Under what circumstances do both the buyer and the seller bear certain taxes?

(3) under what circumstances can the tax burden be completely passed on to the buyer?

(4) What is the regularity of the above changes?

2. Compare the output of the perfect competitive market, Cournot duopoly market and exclusive monopoly market under the equilibrium conditions.

3. Please analyze with graphs and formulas: If the expected factors emphasized by neoclassical macroeconomics are introduced into the AD--AS model, what changes will happen to the mechanism of the model and its policy implications?

1 years

2. Short answer questions (5 points)

1. Briefly describe Krugman's trade theory of economies of scale

2. Please strictly state the meanings of "marginal efficiency of investment" and "marginal efficiency of capital" and draw two curves in the same coordinate system

3. "Externality brings low efficiency", then < How does externality cause inefficiency

(2) How does Coase Theorem help to overcome this inefficiency

4. Consider a completely monopolized manufacturer, so that the counter-demand function it faces is P=P(Q) and the price elasticity of demand is ed. When the manufacturer wants to make a slight change in sales Q,

(1) It is proved that the change of sales revenue TR satisfies DT. *dQ

(2) Explain respectively (1) the economic meaning of the two expressions on the right side of the equal sign in the equation

5. "Keynes's theory is caught in a circular inference: interest rate affects income through investment, and income affects interest rate through money demand; Or, conversely, income depends on interest rate, and interest rate depends on income. "How did Keynes's successors solve this seemingly" circular theory "problem? Please use personal capital to illustrate

III. Thesis topic (6 points)

1. The product market and factor market where a manufacturer is located are completely competitive markets, and its short-term production function is Q=f(L,? ), where l is a variable factor of production. It is a fixed factor of production, and the prices of the two factors are PL and PK respectively. At a certain output Q, the marginal product MPL of the manufacturer's workers is equal to its average output APL. Please analyze: What is the profit of this manufacturer at this time, and why?

2. In a closed economy, any point on the IS curve represents that the supply (that IS, national expenditure Y) in the product market is equal to the demand (that is, C(Y,T)+I(r)+G), and because the investment demand is inversely related to the interest rate, IS leans to the lower right and will shift due to G and T.. Similarly, under the premise of open economy, floating exchange rate system and incomplete free flow of capital:

(1) Why does the IS curve incline to the lower right?

(2) What factors will push the right displacement, and why?

(3) Why is the BP curve inclined upward to the right?

(4) What factors will push the BP curve to shift to the right, and why?

(5) If the BP curve shifts to the right, will the IS curve also shift to the right? Why?

3. In 1965, the American economy was running close to its potential production capacity. President Johnson faced a problem: he wanted to go to war in Vietnam, but he didn't want Americans to know how much a war would cost. As a result, he decided not to raise taxes, at least not to raise taxes completely to pay for the war. In addition, he doesn't intend to cut government spending. Not only that, he also proposes a plan to fight poverty, which includes many new social programs with extremely high costs. Please use the framework of total supply and total demand to analyze the above situation, and speculate on the macroeconomic operation of the United States in the late 196s.