1, Magellan: Magellan 15 19 was ordered by the Spanish king to lead an expedition to find the route to the spice islands in east indies, and was killed in the battle with the Philippines. Because of his death, Magellan lost the opportunity to become the world's first explorer sailing around the world;

2. Amundsen: The first ship sailed in the northwest channel, and the first ship reached the South Pole;

3. Zhang Qian: Zhang Qian was the first China to cross Afghanistan. Later, China merchants took silk and jade articles, climbed mountains and crossed the Gobi Desert along the route from Zhang Qian to the northwest of China. This route was later called the Silk Road;

4. Xuanzang: Xuanzang is a Buddhist monk.