Cai Wenji, Zhuo Wenjun, Li Qingzhao, Ban Zhao

Cai Wenji

At the end of the Han Dynasty, the governors supported their troops and respected themselves, and Dong Zhuo finally took control of the state affairs.

Later, Cao Cao forged a secret imperial edict under the pretext of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, killed Dong Zhuo, and threw his body in broad daylight, which made passers-by humiliated and spurned.

Cai Yong was a famous man at that time, and had a good relationship with Cao Cao and Dong Zhuo before. Now, when he saw that Dong Zhuoren was dead and separated from his friends, he was sad to think of the old friendship. Ignoring Cao Cao's ban, he burst into tears on Dong Zhuo's body alone, which scared the bystanders around him to flee.

when Cao Cao learned this, he couldn't help flying into a rage. I thought, Cai Yong, Cai Yong, you really don't have long eyes. I just took power and haven't stabilized yet. How dare you sing against me in public? So he ordered Cai Yong to die, and ordered people to go to his house to arrest everyone and send them to remote and desolate places.

Cai Yong had a daughter named Cai Wenji, a famous talented woman at that time. She was knowledgeable, eloquent and proficient in music. At that time, her husband had just died, and she had not given birth to a son and a half for her husband's family, and was cultivating at her parents' home. Cai Wenji was playing the piano at home when her father had an accident. When she heard the servant report that her father had gone to mourn Dong Zhuo, she couldn't help sighing, thinking that the disaster was coming.

Sure enough, Cao Cao's soldiers rushed in and surrounded Cai Fu. The whole house, men and women, old and young, were all tied up and pushed to the front yard. If they were slightly neglected, they were beaten by disorderly sticks.

At that time, the northern border of the Han Dynasty was extremely restless, and the Hu people often invaded it. Every time they captured ideal city, they slaughtered all the people inside, with bodies piling up and rivers of blood. Teams of Hu Bing's horses are hung with strings of men's heads, while the women they robbed are carried behind the horses.

On the way to the north, Cai Wenji met Hu Bing and was captured as a prisoner. When they were taken to the north with other captured women, along the way, they saw corpses everywhere, stinking.

When I arrived in Xiongnu, because Cai Wenji was good at writing and playing the piano, she was taken by South Attila and became his wife. She lived there for twelve years and gave birth to two boys. When Cai Wenji people were in Xiongnu, they missed their relatives in the Central Plains day and night, and spent all day in Lacrimosa, where they wrote "Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia", which was passed down from generation to generation. The song was widely circulated and finally flowed into the Central Plains. Cao Cao was deeply moved by its sad tune. Cao Cao recalled his rude feelings towards the Cai family, and felt ashamed. He sent people to the Huns to redeem Cai Wenji with Jin Bi.

On the one hand, South Attila hoped to maintain a good relationship with Cao Cao, on the other hand, it lusted after those golden treasures, thought twice, and finally promised to send Cai Wenji back to the Central Plains.

When Cai Wenji left, her two sons fell to their knees, hugged Moon Hee's legs and burst into tears: "Mom, where are you going?" Everyone says you're going back to the Central Plains. Will you come back? You are usually so kind, why are you so cruel today? We haven't grown up yet, so why don't you give up on us? "

After hearing these words, Cai Wenji only felt deeply grieved and in a trance. She stroked the heads of her two sons and shed tears in pain. "What can I do for my mother?" At the beginning, your father forcibly took me away, and today he forcibly sent me back. How can a mother be the master? "

At this time, the sisters who were arrested from the Central Plains with Cai Wenji came to see her off. They knelt on the ground and cried, "Why is it that only Moon Hee can return to the Central Plains, but we have to die of old age in this desolate foreign land and never have a chance to see our relatives again?" In this situation, even the horse was so sad that he forgot to walk, and the driver forgot to turn when driving. Onlookers are holding each other and crying.

After returning to the Central Plains, Cao Cao comforted Cai Wenji. Seeing that she was alone, Cao Cao ordered Moon Hee to marry a scholar named Dong Si and asked her for advice.

Moon Hee said coldly, "At the beginning, you and my father were close friends. In order to mourn Dong Zhuo, you killed my father and sent my family. So far, I don't know whether they are still alive. Twelve years later, I have become a mother, and you used Jin Bi to forcibly separate our mother and son and take me back to the Central Plains. I'm not me anymore. What else can I decide for myself? Since you have made up your mind, why do you ask my advice? The words made Cao Cao blush and speechless.

Later, Cai Wenji died of old age in the Central Plains. She and her two sons could only exchange letters and meet again for life.

Zhuo Wenjun

Zhuo Wenjun, a native of Linqiong in the Western Han Dynasty, was a talented woman in the Han Dynasty. She was beautiful and talented, good at playing the drums and playing the piano, and had a rich family. She is the daughter of Zhuo Wangsun, who lives at home after her husband's death. Many celebrities proposed to her, but she took a fancy to the poor scholar Sima Xiangru. Sima Xiangru can play the piano and write poems, from which Zhuo Wenjun realized his talent and emotion, and fell in love wholeheartedly. Sima Xiangru's family had nothing, and after Zhuo Wenjun eloped with him, he opened a wine shop and became the shopkeeper himself, while Wen Jun worked as a busboy, so he was not afraid of being laughed at. After Zhuo Wang Sun helped the two because of his face, and they lived a rich life from then on. Later, Sima Xiangru finally became famous. The story of Wen Jun's running at night is popular among the people, and it is based on later novels and operas.

Sima Xiangru's literary talent, Zhuo Wenjun's beauty, when the wine is sold, the old head is filled with resentment, and Nagato is endowed with spirit; The suicide note of closing the Zen temple has been passed down as a long-standing story. There is also the famous "Phoenix Begging for the Phoenix": "Feng Xi Feng Xi returned to her hometown and traveled all over the world to ask for her phoenix. There is a beautiful girl in this hall, and people in the room are poisoning my intestines. Why should she be a mandarin duck?" And Zhuo Wenjun's "White-headed Poem": "Today's fighting party, the head of Mingdan ditch, the end of the ditch, It's sad and sad, and you don't have to cry when you get married. You want one heart and one mind, and you don't want to leave each other. What is the rod, what is the fish, and what is the man's loyalty? Why use the money knife? " , and the sad farewell book: "Chunhua Jingfang, five-color Lingsu, the piano is still in the royal, and the new sound is replaced by the old! There are honeymoons in the brocade water, and there is water in the Han Palace, which is new, and people who are embarrassed in the world are ignorant of it! Zhu Xian is broken, the mirror is missing, the morning dew is exposed, the fragrance is resting, the white head is singing, and it is sad to leave. Try to eat more, don't miss my concubine, and make soup with you! "

Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao, a famous poetess in Song Dynasty, was born in Jinan, Shandong Province. My father is Li Gefei, a writer, and my mother is the daughter of Gong Chen, the top scholar, who also works as an article. Li Zhao lived in a family with a strong cultural atmosphere in the early morning. At the age of 18, she married Zhao Mingcheng, a former student. Zhao Mingcheng wrote The Record of the Stone Inscription, and Li Qingzhao wrote The Preface of the Record of the Stone Inscription, which recorded in detail the husband and wife's life together and their love for calligraphy and painting. Most of his early poems describe the life interest in boudoir and the beautiful scenery of nature, with fresh and bright style. After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, Li Qingzhao and his wife rushed south. In 1129 AD, Zhao Mingcheng died in Jiankang (now Nanjing), and she experienced the pain of the country's destruction and death alone. Therefore, her later works mostly reflected the painful life of war, feeling nostalgic and homesick, and her style was gloomy and sad. The artistic features of Li Qingzhao's ci mainly lie in the use of simple sketching techniques, good at writing delicate emotional changes and clear language. Among the poets in the Song Dynasty, Zhuo Ran formed his own family. There is "Shu Yu Ci".

Ban Zhao

Ban Zhao's word Huiban, also known as Ji, has a family history and is especially good at literary talent. Her father, Ban Biao, is a great writer in the contemporary era. Ban Zhao himself is often called into the palace to teach the Queen and other dignitaries to read the classics and history, and the palace respects him as a teacher.

Ban Zhao married Cao Shishu in the same county at the age of fourteen, so people called Ban Zhao "Cao Dajia".

In terms of personality, Cao Shishu is lively and outgoing, while Ban Zhao is gentle and delicate. The husband and wife can accommodate each other quite well and live a very happy life

.

Ban Zhao's literary talent is first manifested in helping her brother Ban Gu to repair the pre-Han Dynasty book. This book is the first biographical chronology in China, and it is a better one written in the official history. People praise it for its informative remarks, equal to the historical records, and the whole book is divided into several categories: discipline, biography, table and annals. Ban Zhao started writing this book when she was still her father Ban Biao. After her father died, her brother Ban Gu continued to finish this work. Ban Gu, whose name is Meng Jian, was a little older when he was nine years old.

He read a lot of books, and all the words of a hundred schools of thought were exhausted. Unexpectedly, just when he was about to finish the pre-Hanshu, he died in prison because of the involvement of Dou Xian case.

Ban Zhao learned from these mistakes and took over the work of his dead brother and moved on.

Fortunately, Ban Zhao participated in the compilation of the whole book when Ban Gu was still alive, and later he was granted permission by Emperor Han and Emperor He.

You can refer to the ancient books in Dongguan Library, so it is handy to write.

After the publication of the pre-Han Dynasty, it was highly praised by scholars. The most difficult

in the pre-Han Dynasty is the seventh table of officials and officials, and the sixth table of chronicles. Both of these two parts were independently completed by Ban Zhao after the death of her brother Ban Gu, but Ban Zhao still humbly crowned her brother Ban Gu's name. Ban Zhao's knowledge is very profound. At that time, Ma Rong, a

scholar, knelt outside the Dongguan Library to listen to Ban Zhao's explanation in order to ask for Ban Zhao's guidance!

Ban Zhao also has a brother, Ban Chao. The two idioms that we commonly use now are "To join the army" and "Nothing to venture into

Nothing to gain", which are derived from his spoken language, reflecting his extraordinary wisdom and courage. He went to the western regions, sealed his future with meritorious deeds,

worshiped the western regions and defended them, and promoted Hanwei until 31 years in Central Asia.

In the twelfth year of Emperor Yong Yuan of Han Dynasty, Ban Chao sent his son Ban Yong back to Luoyang with the envoy of An 'en tribute, and brought back his letter to the emperor

: "I dare not look to Jiuquan County, but I hope someone will be born at Yumenguan. I would like to send Zi Yong to the fortress with Anxi, and

I was born here, so that he can see his native land. " Expressed a strong thought of returning to the roots, but after the letter was sent up, the court still ignored it three years later. Ban Zhao thought of his dead brother Ban Gu, and felt a strong attachment and pity for his brother Ban Chao, who was 71 years old and lived in a foreign land.

So he wrote to the emperor in desperation:

I was born with my brother in the western regions, and I was rewarded with a small contribution, and I was honored with a rank of two thousand stones, which was a unique gift.

It is really not my duty. From the beginning of transcendence, I will die, and I will make great achievements to make my own achievements. Will change,

road isolation, beyond one, turn to the side of the territory, learn from other countries, strengthen their soldiers, every time there is an attack, we should be the first to board. Being humiliated by gold, you don't avoid death, and you have to prolong your life in the desert. It has been 31 years since I was born, and I have never known each other again.

all the people you associate with at any time have changed; I'm 71 years old, and I'm old and sick, with dark hair and heartless hands.

My eyes and ears are not smart, but I can do it with a crutch. Although I want to do my best to repay my grace and force my son to be old and tired, what's the point

?

barbarian nature, mourning for rebellion and insulting the old, C. C. went into the ground at dusk, and didn't see the generation for a long time, fearing to open the source of good research and giving birth to rebellion. And

Dr. Qing is worried about everything. If there is a sudden death and violence, he is too strong and can't do it from his heart, which will damage the country's eternal work.

It is really painful to abandon the loyal minister's use! Therefore, I have surpassed Wan Li to be sincere, and I have been bitter and anxious, and I have extended my neck and exceeded my expectations. It has been three years since now, and I have not been saved.

I heard that the ancient people were fifteen soldiers, but they were still sixty, and they also had a rest and didn't work. Your majesty and even filial piety have won the favor of all countries, leaving behind the ministers of small countries, and the situation is beyond the position of Hou Bo. Therefore, if you dare to touch death, you will beg for more than a year, and you will be able to live < P >. Seeing Queting Court again makes the country never worry about toiling far away, and the western regions never worry about being in a hurry, which is more than the kindness of King Mengwen to bury the bones, and Zifang < P > is in a hurry to mourn for the old.

Ban Zhao wrote a letter on behalf of his brother, which was reasonable and reasonable. He was touched by it, and Han and Emperor played it. In particular, the last two sentences in

quote Xu Lingtai of Zhou Wenwang, and dig the ground to get the bones of the dead, and bury them even more. Wei Wenhou's teacher, Tian Zifang,

saw that you abandoned his old horse, thinking that it was not kind to abandon it when he was old, so he collected it and raised it. The two stories imply that

Han and Emperor thought that they would no longer make a decision, and they were really ashamed of the old minister, so they sent Ren Shang, a captain of Wuji, as the commander-in-chief of the Western Regions to replace

Ban Chao.

Ban Zhao's literary talent and talent enabled her brother Ban Chao to return to Korea.

When Ren Shang arrived at his post, Ban Chao explained them one by one. Ren Shang said to Ban Chao, "It is advisable to take the sea as a guide."

I hope Ban Chao will give him some advice on governing the Western Regions. Ban Chao said earnestly: "Officials beyond the Great Wall, who are not dutiful sons and grandchildren, all

make up for the border villages with their sins; And barbarians are pregnant with birds and beasts, which is difficult to raise and easy to lose. Nowadays, the monarch is strict and urgent, and there is no big fish in the clear water. The political inspection should not be

harsh. It is advisable to be simple and lenient, and it is just a general outline. " However, after Ban Chao left, Ren Shang privately said to his cronies, "I think Ban Jun has a strange strategy, but what I said today is plain!" Ren Shang can't rely on Ban Chao's experience, but he lost his peace by being harsh and cruel. < P > This is another story.

In August of the 14th year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty, Ban Chao returned to Luoyang as a captain of Shooting Sound. When he left Shule in the Western Regions, he was already ill, so he didn't have time to have a good talk with his sister, and he was tired of traveling. He died a month after returning home, and Ban Zhao was speechless.

Ban Zhao, with her literary talent, finished her brother Ban Gu's pre-Han book, which touched the hearts of Han and Emperor, and brought her brother Ban Chao back to Luoyang.

. Ban Zhao's literary talent is also reflected in her seven articles on women's precepts.

The seven precepts include: inferiority, husband and wife, prudence, womanhood, concentration, obedience and uncles and sisters. It was originally a private textbook used to teach the daughter of < P > class, but the aristocratic families in Beijing rushed to copy it, and it soon became popular all over the country.

In the article "Inferiority and Weakness", Ban Zhao quoted the saying in Xiaoya, the Book of Songs: "When a man is born, he says," Get rid of Zhang, and when a woman is born, she says, "Get rid of tiles."

I think that women can't be compared with men by birth, and they must "go to bed late and work early, and don't be afraid of staying up all night; It's easy to do things and things without paying attention to drama

. " In order to do my part.

In the article "Couples", it is believed that the husband is bigger than the sky, and he must be served with respect. "If a woman is not virtuous, there will be no husband, and if a woman is not

a husband's righteousness will be abandoned. If she wants to maintain righteousness, she must make women understand righteousness."

In the article "Respect and Caution", it is argued that "men value strength, while women value weakness. Regardless of the merits, women

should unconditionally obey their husbands." Only when you are rigid and flexible can you help each other and protect the righteousness of the couple forever.

In the chapter of "Women's Behavior", four standards of women's behavior are set: "Chastity, quietness and leisure, shame in doing one's own thing: for women's virtue;

Don't talk nonsense and be overbearing, choose words and stop at the right time, for women's sake; Dress neatly, not dirty and humiliated, for the sake of women; Concentrate on

textile, be unsmiling, cook delicious food and entertain guests, which is for women workers. " Women should prepare four lines of virtue, speech, tolerance and work, so as not to be rude.

In the article of "concentration", it is emphasized that "a virgin does not marry two husbands", and a husband can remarry, but a wife can never remarry.

In her mind, going to the next hall to beg for help is simply a ridiculous behavior, and the husband should "concentrate on positive color, keep his ears open, and

keep his eyes open."

In the article "Qu Cong", women are taught to be kind to the man's parents, and vice versa.