Longtan, which is located at the lowest point in the northwest corner of the ancient city of Longtan Mountain. The water in the pool is as clear as a mirror, and there are lush trees outside the pool. Even in dry years, the water level has never dropped. "Longtan printing the moon" is listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Jilin. The name of Longtan comes from legends and myths.
There is a myth recorded in historical materials: a long time ago, the climate near Longtan Mountain was mild and rich in products, and people lived and worked in peace and contentment, with fishing, hunting, farming and weaving in their proper places. Suddenly one day, it was dark, lightning and thunder, and a blue dragon fell from the sky and came to the pool of this mountain. Since then, this pool has been called Longtan. However, after this dragon came to the earth, it continued to commit crimes, often flooding crops and houses, and people were forced to flee for their lives. A girl named Lin Xiaomei was washed away by the water. Her father Weng Lin swam to her daughter, waiting for help. She found a swallow falling into the water, and Lin Weng gave up her daughter to save the swallow. The swallow was saved, but her daughter was taken away by the dragon. Mr. and Mrs. Lin Weng are very sad at the loss of their daughter. At this moment, the rescued swallow suddenly spoke. She admitted that Lin Weng and his wife were parents and comforted their parents. She decided to fly to Xianshan, Nanhai to study, and came back to avenge the people after her success. Therefore, Yan grew up in Longtan Mountain, and people affectionately call her Longtan Yan. Three years after Longtan Yan left, Lin Weng led the villagers to lock the dragon with a dragon-cutting sword and a thousand-ring chain, but without success. At this time, it happened that the swallow in Longtan successfully returned, led the swallow and filled the pool with stones. The dragon sent a white snake to Longtan to rob Lin Weng, trying to lure Longtan Yan to save him, and caught the whole gang. Longtanyan was heartbroken to see the rescuer killed. With the help of ginseng, Longtanyan led many swallows to break the demon that entered the pool, finally locked the dragon, rescued Lin Weng, and made people in Longtan Mountain see the light of day again. In the early 1960s, according to this myth, Jilin Peking Opera Troupe created a divine drama "Longtan Rock" starring Xiao Bai Yu Yan, a famous Peking Opera actor, and performed it all over the country. Therefore, this myth has spread more widely.
Although these touching legends and myths are not true, they reflect the rich imagination and strong desire of the ancient Jiangcheng people to conquer nature.
2. The Legend of Wuhu Island
On the vast Songhua Lake, there is an emerald-like island, which is called "Five Tiger Island". About the origin of this island name. There is a beautiful and touching legend circulating in the local area.
Legend has it that a long time ago, a monster in Tianchi, Changbai Mountain occupied the beautiful and kind princess of Songhua River and gave birth to a silver carp princess. Time has passed, and in a blink of an eye, Princess Silver Carp is sixteen years old, graceful and touching. Tired of the monotonous life in the palace, she got her mother's permission to go out to play. While she was having fun, she suddenly bumped into a net and was thrown out of the water by fishermen. The fisherman is a young man in his twenties. He was very happy to catch such a silver carp, so he closed his net and rowed excitedly in the direction of going home. Just as the ship was about to dock, the silver carp suddenly said, "Let me go, let me go!" " "The young man with tears in his eyes, looked at himself with begging eyes. The young man felt pity and picked up the big fish and put it into the river. After the big fish entered the water, it surfaced from time to time, as if nodding to thank him.
The young fisherman's name is Daniel. He lives in a small mountain village called Wang Qi by the river. He lives by fishing. One night, he wanted to catch the last net and row home, but when he came out of the net, it was the big white silver carp again. Just as I was about to put it back into the water, the big white silver carp suddenly turned into a beautiful girl, smiling shyly and saying, "The fish you once set free is me. Your heart is really good. " Express their love for this young man. At this time, the fish, soldiers and shrimps sent by the monster will follow closely, and it seems that they are only a stone's throw away. At this time, Princess Songhua, who followed, quickly picked a five-strand golden hairpin from her head and threw it hard. It immediately turned into a mountain, blocking the way of pursuers, and Princess Silver Carp and Daniel were able to escape. After that, Daniel and Princess Silver Carp became husband and wife. Five strands of golden hairpin became a mountain, hence the name "Five strands of mountain". Future generations see these five mountains lying side by side like five tigers, also known as Five Tiger Mountains. Since the dam was built in Fengman, the water level has risen, and Wuhu Mountain has become the Wuhu Island in Songhua Lake today. Nowadays, every summer, Wuhu Island is a famous tourist attraction, with lush vegetation, pavilions, small bridges and flowing water, and deep winding paths. Every year, thousands of domestic and foreign tourists take comfortable and luxurious cruise ships to spend their holidays on the island.
3. Legend of Fairy Cave
Eight miles northwest of Panshi County, there is a mountain called Xianren Cave.
About the fairy cave, there are beautiful legends circulating around the rocks ...
According to legend, a long time ago, a young man named Wang Er came from Shandong. With a medicine hoe in hand and a sword in his waist, he came to the south hillside of Xianren Cave. In a virgin forest. Open up a clearing and build a hut to live in. Every day, he hunts roe deer and pheasants, fishes crucian carp in the river, digs ginseng in the mountains, picks Schisandra chinensis to protect against wind, and treats people with ancestral skills. After a long time, all the eight villages in Shili knew his name. One evening in summer, Wang Er came back with a basket of herbs on his back, and smelled the smell of food before he got home. He pushed Chai Men into the house, opened the lid of the big wooden pot, and saw there were stewed pheasants and four steaming white buns inside.
Wang Er was puzzled and wanted to get to the bottom of it. After breakfast the next day, he closed the door, hid in the hole of the big solitary tree in front of the door, and stared at the door tightly, but no one was seen until dark. When I get home, I want to cook by myself. When I opened the pot, I still found delicious food.
Unwilling, Wang Er went into the tree hole to watch again before dinner on the third day. The chimney smokes when the sun goes down. He quietly ran to the window, licked a small hole in the enough paper, looked in and let out a cry. It turns out that the cook in the room is a big girl as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade. Two people quickly pushed open the door. When the girl saw someone coming, she covered her beautiful face with her sleeves and leaned down to salute. "Brother, don't be surprised. I was seriously ill the year before last. Thanks to my brother's rescue, I have come to repay you. "
Wang Er shook his head again and again, but he really couldn't remember. The girl smiled and said:
"You are so forgetful. My home is in the northeast corner of this mountain. We have been neighbors for many years. " Say that finish, the girl left in a hurry.
The next day, at dawn, Wang Er came to the hillside. He looked everywhere, but he didn't see any houses. Wang Er went home disappointed. Came to the door, the girl was cooking for him. Wang looked at the girl and chatted with her. Only then did she know that her surname was Hu and her nickname was Yi Meier. ...
After dinner, my sister packed up and prepared to go back. Wang Er was reluctant to go, and sent one journey after another. On the hillside, Mel told him to stop. Wang Er watched her go away. He stared at it and hid behind a tree to see where she was going. But she disappeared in front of a big black stone. Wang Er hurried here and found a hole. He drew his sword and climbed in carefully. I didn't climb far, and the front was spacious, so I stood up and walked forward. After walking more than a dozen paces, I saw the oil lamp shining in the cave, in front of which was a small square hall. There are stone tables and benches in the center of the hall. Walking down a dozen stone steps from the small hall is a beautiful hall. A particularly large stalactite hangs in the center of the hall, just like a lotus lamp. There is a river under the cave, and there is a big feldspar bed on the west side of the hall, on which lies a snow-white fox. Looking at the fox, Wang Er recognized it as the one he saved the year before last autumn. When the white fox saw Wang Er coming in, she ran down the stone bed with a "ah" and became a little girl.
Facing the present situation, Wang Er was stunned. But Mei Er stood up and said unhurriedly, "You know my background. I have been practicing here for many years. I was seriously ill the year before last. Thanks to your help, I have today! " You are honest and kind. Although I am a fairy, I am only a mortal. If my brother doesn't dislike you, I will be your wife to repay your kindness. "
After hearing this, Wang Er was naturally satisfied. They chose the auspicious day of the zodiac and finally got married.
After the marriage, the two loved each other and took medicine together to treat diseases. With the help of my sister, no matter what the disease is, it can be cured by hand. In the blink of an eye, it was winter. Wang Er and Mei Er renovated the cave, with the upper hall as the clinic and the lower hall as the dormitory. Decades later, the couple are still so young and walk as fast as flies.
During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the "Fox Fairy Hall" and the Yaowang Temple were built in front of the cave, and the Niangniang Temple was built at the foot of the mountain. Since then, every year on April 18, a incense party will be held, and people come here to burn incense in an endless stream. ...
4. The legend of Mopan Mountain
Panshi County was called "Mopanshan" in ancient times, and it was named after Mopanshan, 4 kilometers north of the city. 1902 when the county was established, it was changed to its current name.
Mopanshan, the shape of the mountain is not like a millstone. It is named after a boulder shaped like a stone mill on the mountainside. There are many magical legends about the origin of this millstone.
Once upon a time, this mountain was the avenue from Fengtian (Shenyang) to the shipyard (Jilin). A couple opened a small inn by the mountain road. Pedestrians, businessmen, vehicles and packers all feed horses, tip or stay here. Business in this shop is very good. The shopkeeper and his wife gave birth to a boy named Wang Xing.
Wang Xing was born with a key in his mouth. The key is inseparable from prosperity. He kept crying as soon as he left. Mother had to tie the key to the king snake's neck with a red rope.
When Wang Xing was three years old, a group of robbers came to this area and often robbed passers-by, cutting off the businessmen on this road, leaving Wang Xing's business in the cold. The husband and wife had to take the king snake up the mountain to make a living.
When Wang Xing was six years old, he often went to the mountains to play alone. One day, he heard the sound of a pony coming from the mountains. Follow the sound. When I approached, I saw neither the mill nor the pony. He listened carefully for a while and suddenly found that the sound was coming from a crack in the stone. He looked through the crack in the stone and saw a golden pony grinding her teeth in a spacious room. Grinding is golden beans. Wang Xing opened the lock with a key, and an old man gave the golden beans to Wang Xing. A group of robbers knew about it and went to rob Jindou and Larkin pony. At this time, the golden pony screamed and pulled the millstone into the sky. The millstone fell from the air and smashed a gap in the mountain ridge, killing the robbers inside. Since then, the millstone has stayed in the gap for a long time and has become what it is now. 60,000 years ago, human hunting grounds.
199 1 In May this year, Jilin archaeologists first discovered the human hunting site 60,000 years ago in Xinxiang Brick Factory, Rafah Town, jiaohe city. This historical conclusion not only fills the archaeological blank in the middle paleolithic period in Jilin area, but also makes an important contribution to the paleolithic archaeological work in Northeast China and even Northeast Asia.
Xinxiang Brick Factory is located on the second terrace of Rafah River in the northern margin of Jiaohe Basin. Surrounded by the mountains of Changbai Mountain, the basin has a developed water system, which flows from north to south into Rafah River and finally into Songhua River. The terrain of Jiaohe Paleolithic Site is irregular rectangle, which is about 10 meter higher than the nearby ground, about 60 meters long and 30 meters wide, with a total area of 1800 square meters. Here, mammoth molars and a large number of mammoth bones, bison metacarpals and phalanges, as well as stone cores, stone chips and other crushing tools were found. We clearly see that the so-called hand axe is a kind of bladed stone tools and paleontological fossils hammered from natural river pebbles. We can know that as early as tens of thousands of years ago, this is the riverbed of Rafah River today. On the south side of the riverbed is an open basin, where lush shrubs and grass grow. Mammoths, bison and other herbivores in Songhua River come here in droves to feed and drink. So it became an ideal place for ancient humans to hunt. According to the stages of Paleolithic Age in China, that is, between 50,000 and 70,000 years ago, the discovery of Jiaohe cultural site pushed the history of human activities in Jilin area from the primitive Neolithic Age five or six thousand years ago and the late Paleolithic Age 20,000 years ago to the middle Paleolithic Age 60,000 years ago.
In order to find the sites inhabited by human beings, in the midsummer of 1993, with the support of the local tourism management office, comrades engaged in archaeological work in Jilin Province set up camp, painstakingly explored 28 caves in lafayette continuously, and carried out small-scale trial excavation, but still no cultural remains left by ancient humans were found. Undaunted, the archaeological team is ready to inspect all 72 caves in lafayette, looking for the remains of ancient humans. According to the clues provided by local farmers, they went to the cave under the second opposite mountain peak, which is called the duckling fairy cave. The slope here is steep and inaccessible, and it is difficult to climb, but the archaeologists braved the light rain and climbed into the dim little wax fairy cave. Here, when archaeologists excavated the remains of useful fire on the second and third floors, they were very surprised to find and unearthed two Paleolithic tools. Among them, the hand axe was hammered with hornfels, which can prove that humans lived in this cave in the Paleolithic age. According to experts' speculation, people who hunted 60,000 years ago may be in this cave which is less than1.200m away from Xinxiang Brick Factory site.
Humans come from ancient times. According to the uranium dating method adopted by the laboratory of Peking University Archaeology Department, the age of this ancient relic is 60,000 years ago (62+06,000 years). "Records of Jilin City and Cultural Relics" records: "This kind of Paleolithic cultural remains was discovered for the first time in Jilin Province, which filled the cultural blank of Paleolithic in Jilin City and Jilin Province and provided a batch of valuable physical materials for in-depth study of Paleolithic culture in Northeast Asia." People are looking forward to the future investigation, not only discovering the cultural remains in the middle Paleolithic period, but also excavating the human bone fossils in this period, thus making new contributions to the study of early Homo sapiens and its culture in Jilin area.
7. The earliest human settlement site in Jilin area.
-Shoushan Fairy Cave
In the long process of human history, our ancestors left many cultural heritages. The Xianren Cave in Shoushan near Yumuqiaozi Town, huadian city, which was discovered in Jilin area, is the earliest human settlement address in Jilin area. This is the late paleolithic culture 20 thousand years ago. The discovery of Xianren Cave in Shoushan, Huadian, filled the blank of Paleolithic cave sites in our province.
According to the newly compiled Records of Cultural Relics in Jilin City, "1990, the teachers and students of the Department of Archaeology of Jilin University unearthed more than 20,000 species of late Pleistocene mammal and bird fossils 10, and made 47 stone tools, which were appraised by the Institute of vertebrate paleontology and Paleoanthropology of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Among them, stone products include hammered stone chips, stone cores, residual stone chips, semi-stones, stone hammers and scrapers. " Natural caves, which were found in China, Guangdong and Hubei provinces, were the earliest settlements of Paleolithic hominids. Most caves are located in karst caves with rock caves, and so are the fairy caves in Shoushan, Huadian. 1987, archaeologists from Jilin Local Records Office, Cultural Relics Department of Jilin Cultural Bureau and Jilin Museum made a field trip to Shoushan, and saw that Shoushan "the main peak is 5 10 meters above sea level, which is about 200 meters relative to the river valley." Xianren Cave is located 50 meters below the main peak, showing an east-west trend, with a width of more than 3 meters and a height of 2.80 meters. The depth of the cave is gentle and inward, unfathomable, with a hole 12 m and good lighting. The first 8 meters are spacious and bright, dry and pleasant, and the cave walls are tight, smooth, flat and bright, suitable for human activities.
1993 In May, with the approval of National Cultural Heritage Administration, under the auspices of the Archaeological Department of Jilin University and the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Jilin Province, and under the guidance of Zhang Senshui, a researcher at the China Academy of Social Sciences, the joint investigation team conducted an in-depth excavation and appraisal of the Xianren Cave in Shoushan again. Ancient humans lived here in the Paleolithic Age 20,000 years ago. It is found that the cave accumulation culture is 2.6 meters thick. In this excavation, more than 700 ancient vertebrate fossils were unearthed, including the bones and teeth of more than 20 kinds of animals such as bears, wolves, horses, sheep, hyenas, Siberian ferrets, brown-backed rats, ducks and pheasants. More than 200 stone tools were unearthed, including 10 bone grinder. It can be seen that ancient humans lived in this cave for quite a long time.
This is the first time that a typical and well-preserved Paleolithic cave site was discovered in Jilin Province. Its altitude, relative height and distance from water source are also extremely rare in Paleolithic sites in China. Xianren Cave provides living archaeological materials for Jilin people to understand the living environment of ancient people in their hometown, as well as materials for paleolithic historical research and local chronicles compilation in northeast and northeast China, and materials for the study of geology, paleoanthropology, paleontology, paleoclimate, ecological environment and many other disciplines.
1992, the people's government of Jilin listed the Xianrendong site in Shoushan as a key cultural relic protection unit. 1999, the provincial government listed it as "key cultural relics protection unit in Jilin Province."
8. Wooden gangs in Jilin in Qing Dynasty
Before the completion of the Songhua River plump dam, there was a strange sight on the river in summer, that is, discharging water. People used to call Paipai "Woodenhead".
Jilin is famous for producing wood. Once upon a time, timber transportation depended entirely on rivers and waterways. Songhua River became a "wooden gang" culture named after timber exile, and Changbai Mountain not only abounded in all kinds of high-quality trees, but also gave birth to the Kanto wooden gang. "On the Songhua River" describes the life of "wooden gangs", such as "mountain logging" and "water logging". Call them "Kanto Wooden Gang".
The organization and division of labor of the wooden gang is like this. In the mountain yard, one yard has a big cabinet, and the second cabinet is divided into yard handle, sledge head and paddle head. Shout at the row on the field, divided into two rows, two rows (also called tail). Dage is a major figure in the water town of Shan Ye, and is often sponsored to organize wooden gangs. This man is rich and powerful. He must first send some drinks and shop money to the wood leader.
Woodenhead has their unique religious beliefs. They go deep into the forest, work in the wild and ask for it from nature, just like those who hunt in the mountains, so they are also called "mountain hunters". The name of the mountain god worshipped by Fangshan people is Sun Liang. According to legend, he is from Laiyang, Shandong. He went through hardships to Changbai Mountain and realized enlightenment. Life in Woodenhead is very hard. There are many folk songs in Mugang, which sound bitter and touching. A folk song "Wooden handle is not a line" says: There are wires in the world, but wooden handle is not a line. Three religions and nine streams have rankings, but we can't rank first. Young people leave home to travel to Kanto and become Woodenhead in Changbai Mountain. The twelfth lunar month is on the mountain, and my nose is as cold as soy sauce, calling my parents, and there is no hope of going back to see you.
Woodenhead gangs are mostly from Shandong and Shanhaiguan, and they are often single. Strive to survive deep in the mountains. The place where the Baishan Reservoir was built in Huadian of Songhua River used to be called "Old Evil River", which is the rapids and rapids that people are most afraid of. On both sides of the ancient drainage channel of Songhua River, there are desolate wooden graves, which show the prosperity of drainage in the past and the bleak ending of the raft itself to future generations. Here is a ballad called "Going East", which says: After I walked out of Shanhaiguan, my eyes filled with tears. When I leave home today, I will have to pay it back. All these truly record the mood and tragic ending of people who make a living in Northeast China when they leave their homes.
Jilin used to be called a shipyard, where ships were built. All the wood used is cut from Changbai Mountain and transported here by Songhua River. Woodenhead gang set out here and became a narrow escape place. Many brave people never came back, making many sections of Songhua River known as "outposts".
Songhua River lanterns used to be made of chaff. They were put in the river and walked brightly. On the fifteenth day of the first month of each year, people in Jilin will set off river lanterns to commemorate and sacrifice those who have died. It is said that a drowned person can be reincarnated if he sees a river lantern.
The outstanding feature of Jilin Mubang is entrepreneurship. Nowadays, the boatman rowing in Qiaotou Square in Jilin City has become the urban spirit and symbol of Jilin people's "courageously moving forward". Changbai Mountain and Songhua River have nurtured outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation. Jilin Mugang's pioneering spirit and character are the synthesis of the excellent spirit of the Chinese nation. In the development of Jilin City, Mugang contributed to the development of mountains and rows. This is the "Kanto" culture, which absorbs the strong living atmosphere of the local Manchu and Han nationalities' unity and struggle. In some historical books, such as Mubang Belief, Mubang Ballad, Mubang and Jilin, Mubang and its Leaders, Mubang Population Composition, Mubang Story, etc. It vividly records the historical changes of the wooden gang culture, and shows the fighting spirit of Jiangcheng wooden gang as tall and straight as Gu Song in Changbai Mountain and the pioneering character as Songhua River.
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