In such a dynasty where commerce gradually flourished and commodity economy gradually replaced natural economy, people had more space and opportunities to enjoy it. Take the take-away service that brings great convenience to our life. As early as 1000 years ago in the Song Dynasty, they started ordering take-away. So, did Song people really like eating out? Order takeout? Really? Today, this article will discuss in detail why the life of Song people is so particular.
First, the whole person likes to eat out.
In ancient China, people basically ate two meals, one at noon and the other at night. In the early years of Northern Song Dynasty, with the lifting of curfew, people gradually developed the habit of eating supper. People in the Song Dynasty liked eating out very much. Restaurants and restaurants mentioned in China's Dream in Tokyo alone account for more than half of the total number of shops. In Dream of Liang Lu, it is said that ordinary people in the capital have no stoves at home, and their three meals are basically solved outside.
Diet life
By the fifth watch, many shops in the city have started to open, including breakfast stalls offering enema, fried lung, porridge, rice and snacks, slaughter stalls slaughtering animals in the street, and stalls frying tea soup and medicine. In the evening, the number of customers in restaurants on the street gradually increased. It can be said that Song people were very particular about diet? Not worth it, but enjoy the new ears? You can do whatever it takes to taste fresh and delicious food.
However, eating out at that time was not the patent of the rich. In addition to wealthy ordinary citizens, people at the bottom of the city also like to eat out. Because at that time, there were dishes specially prepared for the lower classes, which were cheap and could effectively satisfy hunger.
For example, "Meng Lianglu" records:? Specializing in home-cooked meals, such as meat soup, bone soup, and selling butterfly noodles and fried meat, these shops are all humble, they go to the market? .
It can be said that all social strata in the Song Dynasty liked to eat out. No matter whether they were financially strong or not, there was always a place for them to eat by themselves.
Second, the hot takeaway industry
How much do Song people like to order takeout? The Song Dynasty had developed economy and rich products. According to Tokyo's Chinese dream? Market brokers usually only buy food and drinks in market stores, not vegetables? It can be seen that the middle class in the Song Dynasty, like modern people, like to pack up and go home directly after work, or order takeout, especially for the wealthy families with petty bourgeoisie, they seldom cook, just as the dream of Liang Lu said: It's convenient to eat and drink, isn't it? Such convenient and quick service is naturally liked and sought after by many Song people, which also provides good business opportunities for the development of the take-away industry.
1, song dynasty takeaway service
At that time, many hotels offered things like? Call by the hour? At that time, the takeaway service required diners to order in the restaurant in advance. After ordering, the restaurant is responsible for delivering the food to the door at the agreed time difference, and the charge is also cash on delivery, but it has to be said that this greatly facilitated people's lives at that time. What did you call a professional deliveryman in Song Dynasty? Idle Han? ,? Idle Han? Running errands in restaurants and tea shops. In front of a pedicure shop in Shanghetu, Qingming, we can clearly see one? Idle Han? I'm going out to deliver the goods with two bowls in my hand.
The emperor also likes to order takeout.
How hot was the takeaway industry in Song Dynasty? One of the most representative is the take-away food that even the emperor loved in the Song Dynasty. Song Taizu was the first emperor to put forward the main points of takeaway in Song Dynasty. According to historical records, Emperor Taizu proposed to hold a grand banquet for ministers at his birthday party, but the chef in the imperial chef did not prepare the materials in advance. Just when everyone was confused, the emperor suggested that officials should order takeout in hotels in the capital. Since then, this is the first time that the emperor ordered takeout. Later, Song Gaozong, Zhao Gou, Song Ningzong and Zhao Kuo were very satisfied with the takeaway.
According to the song dynasty literati's elaborate work "collection of notes on famous officials?" De shou buys the market. In the first month of Xiaozong's winter moon, Meng Xiang returned and announced that the city food song was called Straight and Consistent. The book also recorded the popular take-out in Beijing at that time? Li fish soup? 、? Mariko Nanwa Zhangjia? A kind of food.
Third, a life as exquisite as Song porcelain.
The life of Song people is very particular. From what has been said above, Song people love eating out and ordering takeout, and we can see that they have made great progress in food culture. As the saying goes, the economic foundation determines the superstructure, so what factors have contributed to the increasingly exquisite and luxurious life of Song people?
1 Food culture and the development of catering industry
Advances in eating habits and cooking techniques
In the history of China's diet, Song Dynasty was a historic turning point? With the introduction of early-maturing rice varieties and the popularization of re-cultivation technology, the agricultural productivity in Song Dynasty was revolutionary improved, and the food of China people began to transition from scarcity to abundance. Under the influence of the warm climate of the Tropic of Cancer, Song people used crops to create more abundant food through intensive cultivation technology and transported it to various places through developed transportation networks. During this period, the eating habits of civilians also changed from two-meal system to three-meal system.
The highest yield per mu of rice fields in South China in Song Dynasty was three times that in Tang Dynasty. At that time, there was a folk saying:? Su Hu is mature, and the world is enough? . The Song people who got rid of the threat of hunger had a more calm mind to study diet, ponder the way of cooking, and satisfy the enjoyment on the tip of the tongue by inventing various kinds of delicious food. For example, today, every household can't do without cooking. Cooking techniques such as cooking, roasting, roasting, frying, frying, stewing and cooking matured in the Song Dynasty. For another example, today we often eat ham, Dongpo meat and sashimi (called in Song Dynasty? Hey? ), fried dough sticks, glutinous rice balls and various cakes and gourmet snacks were invented and popularized in the Song Dynasty.
The rapid development of hotel industry
In the Song Dynasty, the market square system, which originally restricted commercial freedom, completely collapsed and the market system began to take shape. It's in the history books? From the street to the alley, there are no empty houses. Every morning, there are hundreds of markets at the entrance of both streets and alleys, and the business is very lively? These were not available before the Song Dynasty. At the same time, the economic prosperity of the Song people also played an important role in promoting the development of the hotel industry. Meng Yuanlao, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, described the Song Dynasty at that time. Does the kitchen smell of Huihuan area? It can be seen that the rich commercial atmosphere at that time greatly promoted the development of catering culture.
How developed was the hotel industry in Song Dynasty? First of all, luxury hotels with high-end atmosphere abound. A dream in Tokyo once described an upscale hotel, which wrote:? At one end of the door, it was tied to a mountain shed with beams and patterns, and half of the pigs and sheep hung on it. Each store has its own hall and courtyard, with east corridor and west corridor. What's your name? .
It is worth noting that such a hotel can not only attract diners through its shape and decoration, but also enhance its popularity through its rich dishes and thoughtful service. It can be said that it really regards customers as God and lets customers choose. Although everyone's requirements are different, there are even some tricky requirements sometimes. Can hotel employees do it? Let's spread it. Let's make every call. Nothing wrong? . Hotel employees will be scolded by the boss, or their wages will be deducted. Even if they are complained by customers because of poor service quality, they will be fired directly. In such an environment, it seems that the life of Song people can't be improved.
2. The rise of consumerism
With the rise of commodity economy, money worship, consumerism and hedonism followed. Although Zhu Cheng's Neo-Confucianism tried to save this malpractice by suppressing human nature, the effect was not obvious. Just like the modern world, the society in Song Dynasty was materialistic and money worship prevailed. The development of commerce has made people have more money, and the rich material life has also created greater enjoyment space and opportunities for Song people. More importantly, people at this time are no longer ashamed of business and money. On the contrary, the rise of consumerism has become the spiritual driving force for people to pursue wealth aboveboard.
Song people who have both spending power and like to spend began to like and pay more and more attention to high-quality goods. For a time, luxury goods prevailed in the streets, and the workmanship and style of products became important indicators when customers chose. Really? Chess pieces are soldiers' uniforms, and farmers walk on tiptoe? Women also like to wear those precious and exquisite hairpin ornaments. From the decorations on their heads, we can also see the exquisiteness of Song people's clothes. On the one hand, the life consumption of Song people mainly depended on market supply, and this consumerism promoted the prosperity of market economy. On the other hand, the prosperity of silk handicraft industry and urban commerce also provided a guarantee for the exquisite life of Song people.
3. Improve social welfare undertakings:
The life of the Song people is so exquisite that it is inseparable from one thing, that is, a whole set established by the Song government? From cradle to grave? Welfare relief system. In the ancient history of China, the welfare system in Song Dynasty was the most developed, which really provided welfare for students, students and doctors.
Take education as an example. Education in Song Dynasty was divided into official schools and private schools. Official school, as its name implies, is a school run by the government, with a very high coverage and open to the whole people. At first, the tuition fee was 2000 yuan a year. Later, tuition fees were cancelled and became free education, so that children from poor families could also go to school. When students go to college, the state will increase education subsidies to help those poor students.
In addition, Song officials also set up a school called? Loudian service? Our organization is responsible for managing those state-owned properties, and taking out some houses for public rental (somewhat similar to our current low-rent housing) to solve the housing problems of those poor urban residents. At that time, the monthly rent of each room in Kaifeng, the capital, was only 170. In such a city with high housing prices, such rental prices can be said to be very conscience.
From the above description, we can see that people's happiness index in Song Dynasty was high. A wide variety of restaurants have solved the problem of three meals a day for most Song people, and people who have been busy all day don't have to worry about lighting the stove after work. The well-served take-away industry greatly facilitated the life of Song people.
The exquisite life of the people in the Song Dynasty is obvious to all. Mr. Chen Yinque once said: The Chinese culture, the evolution of thousands of years, its perfection and the world of Zhao and Song Dynasties? The developed agriculture and commodity economy in Song Dynasty provided a guarantee for people's happy life, and the meticulous social welfare system also provided a guarantee for this. Golden age? Escort If one day we can really travel through time and space, I think the Song Dynasty will be the most suitable choice for modern people.