Types of Oranges

Oranges, tangerines and oranges are three different varieties of citrus fruits, which are easily confused because of their similar shapes. Citrus is the general name of orange, tangerine, orange, kumquat, pomelo, bitter orange, etc. The names of tangerine and orange have long been confusing. From a scientific point of view, orange is the basic species, with small flowers, easy peeling and dark green embryos. Citrus is a hybrid between orange and other oranges, such as sweet orange. The flower is big, the fruit is not peeled as well as orange, and the embryo of the seed is light green. Because of this, among wide-skinned oranges, orange (Lu-gan) is orange, while Wenzhou tangerine is orange. Citrus and tangerine are woody plants belonging to the same family but different species in plant taxonomy. In addition, oranges and tangerines are often collectively referred to as "citrus". Citrus is the most important group of citrus fruit trees. There are 17 species, which are divided into 6 groups: big-winged oranges, Yichang oranges, citron lemons, pomelo, oranges and broad-skinned oranges.

References: baike.baidu/view/1625?. Fr=ala

What are the kinds of oranges (5 kinds)

Oranges are the fruits of some plants in Citrinae of Rutaceae. Citrus, tangerine and orange are three different varieties of citrus fruits, which are easily confused because of their similar appearance. Citrus is the general name of orange, tangerine, orange, kumquat, pomelo, bitter orange, etc. The names of tangerine and orange have long been confusing. From a scientific point of view, orange is the basic species, with small flowers, easy peeling and dark green embryos. Citrus is a hybrid between orange and other oranges, such as sweet orange. The flower is big, the fruit is not peeled as well as orange, and the embryo of the seed is light green. Therefore, in the wide-skinned citrus, orange (Lu-gan) is orange, and Wenzhou Mi-gan is orange, not orange. Citrus and tangerine are woody plants of the same family, genus and different species in plant taxonomy. In addition, oranges and tangerines are often collectively referred to as "citrus". Citrus is the most important group of citrus fruit trees. There are 17 species, which are divided into 6 groups: big-winged oranges, Yichang oranges, citron lemons, pomelo, oranges and broad-skinned oranges. Citrus fruits include oranges, tangerines, pomelos, citrons, sweet oranges, limes, kumquats, lemons and other large families. In order to facilitate the distinction, the characteristics of oranges, tangerines, oranges and pomelos are as follows: 1. Citrus: the mature fruit of many citrus species such as Rutaceae. The fruit is large, nearly spherical, with yellow skin, orange yellow or orange red, thick skin, thick sponge layer, loose quality, slightly difficult to peel, and oval seeds. Moderate sweet and sour taste, storage resistance. 2. Oranges: Oranges, which are the mature fruits of many kinds of oranges, such as rutaceae plant Fuju or Zhuju. There are many kinds, including Babu orange, Money orange, Sweet orange, Sour orange, Miyagawa orange, Xinjin orange, Weizhang orange, Wenzhou orange, Sichuan orange and so on. The fruit is small, usually oblate, and the skin color is orange red, vermilion or orange yellow. The pericarp is thin and loose, the sponge layer is thin, tough and easy to peel off, with 7 to 11 cysts. It tastes sweet or sour, and the seeds are tapering, which is not resistant to storage. 3. Oranges: refer to a group of plants below Rutaceae, Citrinae, Citrus and Citrinae. Varieties include Jincheng orange and navel orange. Common mainly refers to sweet orange. Zhongyu No.7 Sweet Orange is a new sweet orange variety with seedless, high quality, high yield, storability, fresh eating and processing (juice making) selected by Citrus Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The fruit is round or oblong, with smooth and thin skin, tight capsule and difficult peeling. The meat is moderately sweet and sour and full of aroma. 4, grapefruit: grapefruit is a kind of citrus fruit, but also the largest fruit. It is the mature fruit of Rutaceae evergreen fruit tree Pomelo, also known as Zhuluan, Leiyou, Qigan, Wendan, Xiangluan, Zhuluan, Neizi, Zuofan, Kikukan and smelly orange. There are three kinds of pomelo: white heart pomelo, red heart pomelo and Shatian pomelo. Such as Shatian pomelo, the skin is actually not too thin, the appearance of the skin is not particularly smooth, and the fruit shape is mostly pear-shaped. The fruit part of grapefruit is very tight, and it is difficult to break it. When you eat Shatian grapefruit and cut it with a knife, every piece of grapefruit pulp is completely wrapped and the peel will not burst. The taste is pure sweet, so sweet that there is no feeling of impurities, and there is not much residue. The richness of juice is not particularly watery, but it is not bad. Shatian pomelo is generally more than one or two kilograms, not more than three or four kilograms. The honey pomelo is just three or four pounds each, but it is also big and round, and it feels very smooth. If the same honey pomelo and Shatian pomelo are put together for comparison, the feeling will be quite obvious. Honey pomelo is very rich in juice, which is richer than Shatian pomelo.

Is orange a specialty of Sichuan?

Oranges are native to China, mainly produced in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and south of the Yangtze River. Thousands of years of cultivation history can't be clearly explained. After being spread all over Eurasia, oranges are still called "China apples" in Holland and Germany. China is one of the important origins of citrus, which is rich in citrus resources and has a variety of excellent varieties, and has a cultivation history of more than 4, years. According to research, it was not until 1471 AD that oranges, tangerines, oranges and other citrus fruit trees were introduced from China to Lisbon, Portugal, and in 1665 AD to Florida, USA.

Citrus in China is distributed between 16 and 37 north latitude, with the highest elevation of 2,6 meters (Batang, Sichuan), which starts from Sanya in Hainan Province in the south, reaches Shaanxi, Gansu and Henan in the north, starts from Taiwan Province Province in the east and reaches the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley in the west. However, the economic cultivation areas of citrus in China are mainly concentrated between 2 and 33 north latitude and below 7 to 1 meters above sea level. There are 19 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) producing citrus in China, including Taiwan Province Province. Citrus is mainly produced in 1 provinces (cities, districts) such as Quzhou, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Chongqing and Taiwan Province, followed by Shanghai, Guizhou, Yunnan, Jiangsu and other provinces (cities), and also cultivated in Shaanxi, Henan, Hainan, Anhui and Gansu provinces. There are 985 counties (cities, districts) planting citrus in China.

The most promising citrus variety suitable for Sichuan geographical environment

Citrus variety Introduction Citrus belongs to Citrus family of Rutaceae, and the most important one in production is Citrus. It is a small evergreen tree with single compound leaves. Except for Citrus, the leaves have wings, the fruit has 8-18 ventricles, and each ventricle has 4-8 ovules. At present, oranges, tangerines, pomelos and their hybrid offspring (strains) are mostly used in production. Citrus is the most cultivated citrus variety in the world. What are the varieties?

Introduction of Citrus Varieties

Citrus belongs to Citrus family of Rutaceae, and the most important one in production is Citrus. It is a small evergreen tree with single compound leaves. Except for Citrus, the leaves have wings, the fruit has 8-18 ventricles, and each ventricle has 4-8 ovules. At present, oranges, tangerines, pomelos and their hybrid offspring (strains) are mostly used in production.

Citrus is one of the most cultivated fruit trees in the world. China is the largest country in citrus cultivation in the world, but it is not the largest country. In the past, citrus has made great contributions for farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich. Now citrus is still the focus of rural industrial structure adjustment and characteristic economic construction. After China's entry into WTO, we should speed up the adjustment of the internal strategic structure of citrus and optimize the industrial structure and regional layout. Promote the standardization of citrus production and improve the quality of products, so that China's citrus industry can stand on the domestic market and actively expand the international market. Make full use of rich citrus seed resources, produce famous, special and excellent fruits, and make the citrus industry bigger and stronger and upgrade. In order to change the current situation as soon as possible, such as unreasonable variety structure, aging and mixed varieties, little use of superior new varieties, slow promotion, few high-quality commodity fruit bases, small output, short supply and declining income of most fruit farmers, it is necessary to speed up the pace and intensity of variety structure adjustment, accelerate the popularization and application of superior new varieties, make full use of the policies allowed by the WTO, strengthen and improve the support system for agriculture and farmers' income, and improve the ecological environment by using excellent citrus varieties with high quality and high yield. Good benefits and other advantages to speed up the scale development, in order to meet the requirements of domestic and foreign markets for the anniversary and diversification of citrus consumption varieties, and revitalize the glory of citrus in increasing farmers' income and getting rich.

for this reason, we should seize the opportunity and make great efforts to introduce a batch of the latest citrus varieties from home and abroad, and match them according to the maturity and meet the requirements of the annual supply of processing and storage, and select the following citrus varieties from them and provide them to those who seize the market first. The following citrus varieties:

First, there is no large-scale development in production in China at present, but it has been cultivated and observed by our institute in recent years, and its excellent characters and attractive market prospects are like Tiancao, the king of miscellaneous oranges.

Second, the hybrid citrus pomelo-Nova, the king of blood oranges-tarocco New Line, which has been produced and cultivated in very few areas in China, but has a small area and is very popular among consumers.

Third, some well-known and precious varieties have failed to form a scale due to various reasons, and the market is in short supply and urgently needs to be developed, such as citrus varieties.

fourth, it has special characteristics, and the demand increases greatly with the improvement of consumption level, but the existing output is far from meeting the market demand, such as lemons. These fine varieties are recommended to be planted in close density, and the general management level can be 111-222 plants per mu. Those with high management level can also use medium density or high density (333-666 plants per mu) for economic cultivation, and they will get rich returns after 3-5 years of planting.

see the technical data of our institute for the technical points of citrus management. The general principle is: when buying seedlings, buy seedlings from non-epidemic areas, strictly quarantine, strong seedlings and complete roots, and buy them from regular units; Deep ploughing, soil improvement and soil curing; When planting, pour enough root water to ensure survival; In the first 1-2 years, apply sufficient fertilizer and water to comprehensively control pests and diseases, and promote the combination of promotion and control with the focus on protecting leaves, flowers and fruits to promote early fruiting and high yield; Commissioning date aims at producing high-grade and high-quality fruits, and carries out production management according to the requirements of pollution-free fruits. Some varieties can be bagged to produce green fruits, improve the quality grade of China's citrus industry, and strive to build a strong citrus country.

(1) hybrid citrus-the leading variety of citrus industry development in the future

hybrid citrus is mainly the hybrid offspring of orange and orange, orange and pomelo, and there are artificial hybridization and natural hybridization. This information mainly introduces the offspring obtained by artificial hybridization, mainly middle-maturing and late-maturing varieties. Mixed orange has the characteristics of sweet orange, orange (orange) and pomelo, such as nutrition, flavor, easy peeling of peel, convenient eating, fresh eating and processing. Because of the short introduction time, the excellent new variety of hybrid orange has not been developed in many countries in the world, and China is no exception. Its market potential is huge and it is regarded as the main variety in the 21st century.

hybrid citrus is popular with growers and consumers because of its beautiful fruit shape, high quality, early fruiting and high and stable yield. With the development of citrus industry in the world and China in the 21st century, hybrid citrus will become one of the important varieties to be selected. The excellent new varieties with excellent characters and easy cultivation are recommended as follows:

1. Chunjian

In 1979, it was bred by crossing Qingjian and Ponkan F-2432 in Japan. In 1999, it was introduced into China for trial planting.

the trees are thriving. The tree is upright, with small branching angle, high branching rate, strong branching force and few thorns; The leaves are oblong and waxy. The tree body, branches and leaves are similar to those of Mandarin orange. The fruit is oblate or obovate, and the fruit is big ......

What kind of citrus is good to grow in Sichuan at present?

Citrus is also good if it is on the dam, so the economic benefits will be high only if the varieties are selected.

How many kinds of oranges are there in the world

There are no official statistics on the varieties of oranges in the world, only approximate data. From these data, we can know that there must be many kinds of oranges in the world.

1. The number of varieties of oranges in the world is more than 2,3 in the United States, more than 1,2 in China, more than 3 in Zhejiang and nearly 2 in Huangyan. Oranges originated in China. Oranges have been cultivated in China for more than 4, years, mainly in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and south of the Yangtze River. It was not until 1471 AD that oranges, tangerines, oranges and other citrus fruit trees were introduced from China to Lisbon, Portugal, and in 1665 AD to Florida, USA. Citrus in the world is mainly distributed in the area south of 35 north latitude, which is warm and humid, and the area with large water body warming can be pushed north to 45 north latitude. Citrus is produced in 135 countries in the world, with an annual output of 12.822 million tons and an area of 17.3 million mu, ranking first among the hundred fruits. Citrus in China is distributed between 16 and 37 north latitude, with the highest elevation of 2,6 meters (Batang, Sichuan), starting from Sanya in Hainan Province in the south, reaching Shaanxi, Gansu and Henan in the north, starting from Taiwan Province Province in the east and reaching the Yarlung Zangbo River Valley in the west. However, the economic cultivation areas of citrus in China are mainly concentrated between 2 and 33 north latitude and below 7 to 1 meters above sea level. There are 19 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) producing citrus in China, including Taiwan Province Province. Citrus is mainly produced in 1 provinces (cities, districts) such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Chongqing and Taiwan Province, followed by Shanghai, Guizhou, Yunnan, Jiangsu and other provinces (cities), and also cultivated in Shaanxi, Henan, Hainan, Anhui and Gansu provinces. There are 985 counties (cities, districts) planting citrus in China. 2. Oranges are fruits of perennial rutaceae plants, and China is also one of the main birthplaces of citrus reticulata. The ancient people in China ate oranges and cultivated wild citrus reticulata artificially, which has a long history.

2. There are several varieties of oranges, but the common one is Ponkan, whose fruit has a thick skin and a petal inside, which consists of juice bubbles and seeds. Oranges are tropical crops, mainly planted in the south of China. Oranges are colorful, sweet and sour, and are common delicious fruits in autumn and winter. Oranges are rich in vitamin C, which is of great benefit to human body. In traditional Chinese medicine, oranges are considered to be warm food and easy to get angry, so you can't eat more. 2. Oranges are a well-known fruit, which can be eaten at any time if you eat them often. Oranges have the effect of beauty and weight loss. Oranges can be divided into two types, one is tangerine peel, which is ripe oranges. Pericarpium Citri Tangerinae: The outer skin of a ripe orange fruit. It is warm and bitter in taste, and has the functions of regulating qi, invigorating spleen, eliminating dampness and resolving phlegm, relieving cough and lowering adverse reactions. It can be used to treat abdominal distension and pain, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, belching, hiccup, diarrhea in loose stool, cough due to cold phlegm, etc. It is a commonly used qi-regulating drug and can also relieve fish and crab poison. There is another kind of orange with green skin, that is, an orange that is not yet mature. Green peel: the skin of an immature orange fruit, which is named after its blue color. Its nature is warm and bitter, and it has the functions of soothing the liver, resolving stagnation and eliminating phlegm, which is stronger than Chen Pi's. It is often used for chest and hypochondriac fullness, abdominal distension, hernia, food retention, swelling or caking, and abdominal mass caused by liver depression and qi stagnation.

Two kinds of oranges have been introduced to us above. One is orange with dried tangerine peel, that is, ripe orange, which can treat symptoms such as bloating, heating and nausea when eaten, and the other is orange with green peel, which is immature and can treat gastrointestinal diseases.

4. Morphological characteristics

There are various kinds of orange fruits, usually oblate to nearly spherical, with thin and smooth skin, or thick and rough skin, light yellow, vermilion or crimson, easy or slightly easy to peel off, many or few orange networks, reticulation, easy separation, usually tender, large and often empty central column, sparse and full, and 7-14 petals floating. More rare. The capsule wall is thin or slightly thick, tender or quite tough, and the juice cell is usually spindle-shaped, short and swollen, thin and slender, with sour or sweet flesh, or bitter taste, or otherwise peculiar smell, with more or less seeds and few seeds. Usually oval, with a narrow tip at the top, a * * * at the base, and dark green and light green cotyledons.