resources: /printpage.asp? BoardID=17& Id = 11649
1. Before entering Sichuan,
Tu Min said that Zhang Xianzhong's army was disciplined, and that his killing was the result of rumors and slanders fabricated by the Manchu government. What's the truth
? Before Zhang entered Sichuan, he was famous for his cruelty and lust for killing. Please read Ming Pengsun, an anti-Qing intellectual who was severely banned by the government, who wrote "Pingkou Zhi": In the eighth year of Chongzhen, Zhang Xianzhong burned Fengyang, "tens of thousands of scholars were killed, pregnant women were planed, babies were injected in Zhi
, and more than 2,651 public and private houses were burned". In February of the same year, the Eight Kings (that is, Zhang Xianzhong) conquered Hezhou. "It's time to kill miserably < P >, and some people are bound to kill their wives; There are people who kill their fathers by whoring their daughters; There are naked pregnant women, men and women who have babies in their bellies < P > and they think it is a play; There are people who take pleasure in watching their babies jump and crow in a cauldron ... they have captured thousands of children, so they can't take more when they leave, so they will kill their children, and they will never die. "
2. Killing farmers
" Destroying the city ""All those who live in the four fields are rebellious, and all the good people in the city will be spared death "is the killing method of Zhang's army. The demarcation line of the urban wilderness around Pengxian County is
five miles away from the city. "Search all counties and counties in Shan Ye, regardless of men, women and children, and kill everyone" (A Brief Account of Shu Difficult, A Brief Account of Time-Varying by Hou Zhi, Fei Mi (a Sichuanese, a contemporary of Zhang Xianzhong, a witness), A Shortage Book and Shu Chaos) < p According to historical records such as Chronicle, there was a Confucian scholar named Gong Jimin who grossly boasted that Zhang Xianzhong's moral character surpassed Yao and Shun and his martial arts surpassed Tang and Wu in the exam-taking policy, and Zhang Xianzhong was elated. More
I think his name is good, which is a good sign for saving the world and the people. It's nonsense to regard him as the first "snatch" as the number one scholar. There was an old boy named Xiong Bing, who was ecstatic when he won the flower exploration. However, in the trial strategy, he kindly advised Zhang Xian
loyalty not to be confined to Shu, but to look at the whole country and be rich in the world. Zhang Xianzhong openly thought it was a satire
on himself, executed Xiong Bing Lingchi, and drove his harem into prostitution.
in the second year of Shunzhi, Zhang Xianzhong issued a decree to hold a "special course" to recruit juren, Gong Shi, Guo Jian, folk talents, medical monks, Taoists and hermits from all over the country to take the exam. "Military law is strict in urging people to go on the road, and those who don't arrive will be killed, which is better than sitting as a neighborhood instructor." "Dedicate loyalty to the squire and send him to Chengdu to kill him as much as possible < P >. Adjust the students to listen to the exam, and then the Daci Temple will be forbidden. On the day of the gathering, there were three layers of soldiers on both sides of the temple gate. Go to
Nancheng to offer loyalty and sit in Nancheng for hair test. If yes, the former person held a high pole and hung a white paper flag, and wrote "A certain government, a certain state and county is a health worker"
, with the instructor in front and the scholars leading their servants' luggage in the back, and they filed along. Go to the city gate, pack your luggage and strip off your clothes.
If one person leaves, the military will take one person and lead it to the south gate bridge and dive into the water. Teachers, students, servants and servants learned that they had gone to the clean stream, and the river was red, and the corpse < P > was blocked, and more than ten Japanese sides drifted away. "("Shu Chaos ",the author Ouyang Zhi was working in the Daxi regime at that time, and the credibility of reading < P > is self-evident) massacred" twenty-two thousand three hundred students from Jinshi and even students, and the corpse was accumulated in Chengdu Daci Temple ". (
From the Garden, Pingkou Zhi, Shu Bi)
4. Two butchering Chengdu
One butchering Chengdu is the famous "Battle of the Central Garden" in history books.
1645-11-22 Xian Zhong was determined to kill all the residents in the city. First, he secretly accused one person of falsely reporting that the enemy would come and go to war. The soldiers
brigade went out of the city, and guarded the main roads everywhere to prevent the people from escaping. The soldiers in the city searched all the shops and drove the people out of the city. After the massacre, Chengdu was deserted, with no residents except a few
officials. It was desolate and terrible, which could not bear to attract attention. After dedicating loyalty to destroy Chengdu, he ordered the villagers of all towns and villages to move to Chengdu ... (
The Story of the Holy Religion Entering Sichuan, written by Li Leisi and An Wensi, western missionaries, was named "the Master of Tianxue" by Zhang, killing witnesses in the city.
In the third year of Dashun, Zhang Xianzhong left Chengdu, burned the whole city, and then slaughtered all those who were urged to enter the city by imperial edict. (< Shu Chaos) (< Chengdu Historical Records >) Those who have official historical records such as Ming History, "There are many trees in the city
, dogs eat human flesh like beasts like tigers and leopards, ... people flee to the mountains, and plants eat grass and trees, and hair grows all over them", which became the ancestor of Bai
Maonv. "Chengdu is smoke-free for thousands of miles" and "the city is rubble". Tigers and leopards haunt in the daytime. When the Qing army entered Chengdu
, they had to spend the night on the city wall to prevent wild animals.
5. Tuzhou County
Zhang Xianzhong "will kill a pawn according to his merits", and if he kills less, he will be skinned. (< Ming History >)
Records about Zhang Tucheng abound in history books, such as Santu Baoning, Tumianzhou, Gongzhou, Shunqing, Guangyuan, Tongchuan and so on
. Among them, the largest ones are:
In the autumn of p>1645, Ma Yuanli, Ai Nengqi Tu Cheng and Long Fu (Ming Shi, Shu Bi) Chongqing (Shu Luan)
Tugong Prefecture in Liu Wenxiu, and Gongpu 211 Li was a soup of flesh and blood. Pick up Tu Danling.
killing moths and eyebrows in October ("Pre-capsule")
In the spring of p>1646, Di Sanpin slaughtered Meizhou. It was Tu Shunqing in the summer of. (Ming History)
In p>1645, four generals, including Sun Kewang, were ordered to separate themselves from Tu, and all of them were found in the backcountry, deep cliffs and secluded valleys. Get two hundred men's hands and feet
and those who get both will be promoted to the total. Out in the first month and back in May (Shu Bi). "Every officers and men back to camp, to chop the palm test work. Where there is an army, officials and yamen have a mountain of palms. And in Chengdu, there are thousands of peaks like rockeries "("Shu Chaos "Ouyang Zhi). Wherever Xian Zhong went, no matter men, women, children and livestock were killed, houses were burned and forests were destroyed. The four townships are deserted, and
they are all wilderness. (
6. Killing foot soldiers
At the beginning of the massacre, Sichuan surrendered soldiers and new recruits were mainly killed. On the tenth day of the first month of the first month, loyalty was given, and the order was
to kill those who were over fifteen years old. All roads gathered 751,111 guards killed, 236,111 new soldiers and 321,111 families. "offer loyalty to the north, and hate too many of his companions
, and set more spies to serve and check the camp, and those who have occasional words and are too small, all of them are set aside and sit together. . . More than 111,111 people were killed in one day (the Shu Rebellion), and the massacre of Sichuan officers and men was finally "completely solved" after its withdrawal from Chengdu and Shunqing. "that is,
if there is no one to show off, it is self-slaughter, with 11,111 or 21,111 people a day. At the beginning, the Shu people were killed, and the Shu people were killed. Chu Jin is to kill the Qin
pawn. . . Anyone who leads a leader will report that more than ten people will die every day. Be generous before you kiss, and be close to yourself "("A Brief Account of Shu Difficult "
)
7. Killing ministers
is tyrannical and kills people every day. There were 911 officials in Daxi. Zhang Xianzhong left Chengdu with 711 people.
By the time he died, there were only 25 people. He killed most of them. Or make the whip die, or make the scalp cut off, or cut it in the middle of the year,
all kinds of non-punishment, it's a long story. (
8. Killing Women
When the troops led by Zhang Xianzhong passed through Sichuan, they raped thousands of Sichuan women, and then they cut off their legs and dumped their bodies in the wilderness
and piled them into small pieces? Jianao que! ? .......
Before leaving Chengdu, Zhang ordered all soldiers to commit suicide. All the 311 loyal empresses were killed < P > except 21. Zhang Jun promised to take women, and all his wives came from grabbing them. "Those who have stayed in the village for a long time, or have become husband and wife, have children, and the military law < P > makes it painful." All the women in each camp gathered in one place, surrounded by soldiers, and another group of soldiers was chosen as the knife and axe hand. They gave the order < P >, and the sound of indiscriminate killing and crying was earth-shattering, killing 411,111 women. (Ma Erding, in 1645 (the year of the massacre < P >), recorded in Beijing's "The Story of the Holy Religion Entering Sichuan") ("Shu Bi": killing 321,111 people). Dedicate loyalty and dance with ecstasy, and congratulate all the officials, saying that they have got rid of the drag of women and will move forward unimpeded and win the world.
9. Killing medical monks and craftsmen
According to historical records, there were thousands of monks in Daci Temple in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Just because the temple was hiding an imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Xianzhong
ordered all these monks to be killed (Wu Weiye (with Zhang Tong's era) "A Brief Introduction to Sui Kou" (Volume 11) "There were old bronze men in the courtyard of Tai Yi
, and all the doctors were called. "People who cure hundreds of craftsmen, or entrust < P > with fasting, or promote great work, will be lured and killed." (
11. Taking pleasure in killing people
It is obviously not strong enough to describe Zhang Xianzhong with the words "killing people like hemp". Zhang Xianzhong has created many tricks to kill people.
For example, he sent generals to attack in all directions, and "divided the counties", which was called "grass killing". At the court, a hundred officials knelt down below. He called dozens of dogs down to the temple, and the dogs dragged them out and beheaded anyone who smelled them. This was called "God killing". The skinning method was also created, and
if the skin is not removed, the first one will be punished to death. (Sichuan Tongzhi, Ming History). According to
records in Shu Bi and Shu Gui Jian, he often throws children in the air and lets them fall and touch the tip of his gun. He thinks he is happy when he looks at the bloody
situation. It can be seen that his murder, in addition to revenge for the sky, also contains the meaning of playing.
It is said that there are many ways for Zhang Xianzhong to kill people for pleasure. Once, he has accumulated a lot of women's feet and
took his concubine to watch them. After reading it for a while, I felt that there were still two excellent feet on the mountain-like pile of feet to be the top, so I cut off his beloved concubine's feet and put them on. Everywhere he went, after killing a large number of people as usual, he also piled up
head, hands and feet respectively. After counting the numbers, he recorded an account and engraved it on the tablet.
One night, Zhang Xianzhong killed his own wife and son. The next day, he was very regretful, and the followers who hated him < P > did not dissuade him, so they all killed them. Although his wife obeyed him, his followers did not dare to dissuade him from even killing his own wife, and they were absolutely obedient. But he killed them all. It can be seen that his killing is not designed to exclude dissidents
Zhang Xianzhong's killing, but sometimes it is nothing more than curiosity, such as killing a champion. He respects the champion very much,
only because he admires him very much. To understand why he can be versatile, he cut open the belly of the champion alive to see it.
8. There is a mountain of irrefutable evidence
There is a mass grave in Chengdu
The local newspaper reported that hundreds of human bones have been dug up continuously at the construction site of Xinnanmen overpass in Chengdu, and there may be
more. Reporters at the construction site "scattered human bones can be seen everywhere, skeletons,
leg bones, vertebrae, hip bones ... piled up in a corner of the construction site in disorder, and one or two of them are relatively intact".
Professor Chen Tingxiang from the History Department of Sichuan University believes that it is extremely rare to find so many bones in one place in the history of Chengdu.
It is estimated that this is related to the two massacres in the late Song Dynasty, the early Yuan Dynasty, the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. Further research on underground cultural relics will greatly
make up for the deficiencies in the literature records. Director Wei of Chengdu Archaeological Team thinks that by judging the color and soil layer of the bones, it can be preliminarily concluded that these human bones were buried in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Moreover, judging from the density of bone accumulation, these < P > bones were buried again after death. He concluded that there might have been a mass death in Chengdu at that time < P >. (Sichuan News Network)
Experts confirmed that Zhang Xianzhong did it.
At the scene, we saw that a large number of dead bones were still being excavated, and many curious people were watching. Wei, director of the municipal archaeological team, told us that the on-site investigation further confirmed that these dead bones were buried in a concentrated way for the second time. It is very likely that war or plague caused mass deaths, and later the bodies were piled up in the same place. The "Wan
Human Pit" is located near the former old city wall, which is remote and sparsely populated, and is the
best location to deal with these abnormal dead bodies. According to the burial time of the bones and the local history of Chengdu, it can be inferred that these bones were < P > people who died in the war or plague during the massacre in Zhang Xianzhong. Director Wei said that although these bones have certain significance for studying the history of Chengdu, a book written by a French missionary said that the missionary witnessed the massacre of ordinary people by Zhang Xianzhong troops just outside the South Gate Bridge. (Sichuan News Network)
Hundreds of monks' ashes were found in Tiantai Mountain, which was related to the Zhang Xianzhong massacre.
Hundreds of monks' ashes were recently found in Tiantai Mountain. According to historical records, Zhang attacked Tiantai Mountain and was resisted by monks. Later, he attacked from Hou< P > Mountain and wiped out the monks in the whole temple. (Sichuan News Network)
When I read these descriptions in books such as The History of the Ming Dynasty and The Chronicle of the History of the Ming Dynasty, I once suspected that the people who wrote the history
intended to slander the leaders of the peasant uprising. This is also something that our history education reminds us to be vigilant. Later, I
suddenly saw some household registration records in Sichuan county annals, and I had to doubt my own doubts. The first volume of
Wenjiang County Records in the Republic of China said that Wenjiang County was "almost extinct" because of Zhang Xianzhong's slaughter. In 1659, when the household registration was checked,
there were only 32 households in the county, including 31 males and 23 females. "Hazelnut is vast, like the beginning of heaven and earth". Book of Jianyang County Records of the Republic of China
XIX: "Jianzhou, with an original population of 8,495, was almost a wilderness at the end of the Ming Dynasty, leaving only 14 indigenous households. The total number of Ding in the three provinces of West
and South decreased from 11% of the total number of Ding in China in the sixth year of Wanli to 1.6% in the 24th year of Kangxi (AD 1685), among which, the proportion of Ding in Sichuan decreased even more, and most areas even reached the point of "thousands of miles
, and no one lived there".