The Manchu and the Han are two different ethnic groups. Their differences are mainly reflected in race, language, clothing, festival customs and population distribution. Specifically, they are as follows:

1. In terms of race

Manchu and Han are two different ethnic groups.

The most obvious feature of the Manchu people is their facial features. People with smaller eye slits, no or no obvious wrinkles on the eyelids, close eye distance, straight noses, and rectangular faces tend to have lighter hair color.

Another important feature of the Manchus is that there are a particularly large number of people with type B blood, accounting for about 40% of the total population, while the Han people only account for about 20%.

2. In terms of language

The Manchus have their own language and writing. Manchu belongs to the Manchu-Tungus branch of the Altaic language family. Manchu writing was founded at the end of the 16th century.

Today, there are still a large number of Manchu pronunciation and vocabulary in the Chinese spoken in various places in Northeast China and Beijing. The descendants of the garrisoned bannermen who stayed in various parts of the country spoke mostly northern dialects mixed with local pronunciation, forming "dialect islands" one after another.

The language of the Han nationality is Chinese, which is written using Chinese characters. Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. According to the more common classification method in academic circles, it can be divided into seven major dialects: Northern dialect (Mandarin dialect), Wu dialect, Xiang dialect, Gan dialect, Hakka dialect, Min dialect and Cantonese dialect.

3. From the perspective of clothing

The classic costume of the Manchu people is the cheongsam. The cheongsam has undergone evolution and has now become the representative of traditional Chinese women's clothing.

The Han people have their own long-lasting and gorgeous clothing, namely Hanfu. Each dynasty has its own respect for the color of clothing. Generally, Xia black, Shang Bai, Zhou Chi, Qin black, Han red, and Tang clothing are yellow in color and the flag is red. In the Ming Dynasty, they adopted the methods of Zhou, Han, Tang, and Song Dynasties, and settled on It is better to be red.

Hanfu is one of the oldest ethnic costumes in the world.

4. From the perspective of festival customs

In the long social and historical development, the Manchu ancestors formed a culture rich in their own national characteristics. For example, as far back as the Bohai Kingdom , there have already been festival customs such as the Spring Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival.

These customs are related to the influence of Han culture, but they also have their own national characteristics. For example, the Jurchens have customs such as picking mugwort, eating mugwort cakes, tying longevity locks, and shooting willows to worship the sky during the Dragon Boat Festival. .

After the Qing Dynasty entered the Pass, the Manchu culture and the Han culture combined, absorbed each other, and gradually became consistent, while still showing some characteristics of the Manchu culture. For example, the Manchu people eat dumplings and Saqima during the Spring Festival. The Manchu people's Dragon Boat Festival is not about worshiping Qu Yuan but about keeping fit and curing diseases, etc.

The Han people have many festivals, mainly the Spring Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Lantern Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and so on. Celebrating the "Spring Festival", also known as the Chinese New Year, is a traditional festival for the Han people for thousands of years and is also the most solemn festival of the year. During the Chinese New Year, there is a vigil on New Year’s Eve and New Year greetings on the first day of the Lunar New Year.

The traditional festivals of the Han nationality mainly include wax sacrifices, stove sacrifices, Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Society Day, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese Valentine's Day, Ghost Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, etc. Among all festivals, the Spring Festival is the most solemn.

5. From the perspective of population distribution

Due to historical reasons, the Manchus are scattered throughout the country, with the largest number living in Liaoning Province, and others scattered in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia. , Xinjiang, Gansu, Shandong and other provinces and regions, as well as large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Chengdu, Xi'an, Guangzhou, Yinchuan and other large and medium-sized cities. It has the characteristics of small settlements among large dispersions.

The main settlement areas have established Manchu autonomous counties such as Xiuyan, Fengcheng, Xinbin, Qinglong, and Fengning, as well as several Manchu townships.

The distribution of the Han nationality in China is characterized by sparseness in the east and sparse in the west. According to statistics in 1990, China's 1.039 billion Han population accounted for approximately 91.92% of the country's total population.

The proportion of the Han population in the total local population is 99.77 and 99.49 in Jiangsu and Zhejiang respectively, while the proportions in Xinjiang and Tibet are 37.58 and 2.05 respectively.

Extended information:

The Han nationality is the main ethnic group in China. They are the descendants of the tribes of Huangdi and Yandi in ancient times, and are descendants of Yan and Huang.

"Han" originally refers to the Milky Way and the Milky Way. The Book of Songs says: "There is Han in the sky, and there is light in the prison."

"The Han nationality was formerly called Han people after the Han Dynasty in China. The Han Dynasty was previously called "Huaxia" or "Zhuxia".

The Han nationality is still a nation with an uninterrupted history and a long history. The most populous ethnic group in the world.

As of 2009, the Han population is about 1.3 billion, accounting for about 19% of the world's total population. In mainland China, the Han people account for 92% of the total population. In Taiwan, Han people account for 98% of the total population; in Hong Kong and Macau, Han people account for 95% and 97% of the total population respectively.

In addition to the three places on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, Han people are also widely distributed in Southeast Asia, North America and Western Europe. .

The total population of the Manchu people is 10.682 million (in 2000), ranking second among the 55 ethnic minorities in China.

The Manchu people have their own language and writing, and the "Manchu people" in Northeast China. "White Mountains and Black Waters" is the hometown of the Manchu people. In the first year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1644), the Qing army entered the customs and gradually unified the country. From then on, the Manchu aristocrats began to rule the country. After the Revolution of 1911, the Qing court fell.

The Manchu population is distributed throughout the country, with the majority in Liaoning, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Beijing and other provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. Others are scattered in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shandong, Hubei, Guizhou and other provinces and regions, as well as in Xi'an and Chengdu , Guangzhou, Fuzhou and other large and medium-sized cities.

In the long-term historical development, the Manchus have formed customs and culture with rich national characteristics. The customs of the Manchus are mostly similar to those of the Han people, but they maintain many Manchu characteristics. .

Reference materials: Baidu Encyclopedia-Han; Baidu Encyclopedia-Manchu