Artificial cultivation growth characteristics: Scrophulariaceae is highly adaptable and likes a warm and humid climate. It is relatively cold and drought tolerant and can be planted in any place with good drainage. It prefers fertile humus soil and sandy soil. Clay soil and low-lying land are not suitable for planting Scrophulariaceae. Continuous cropping is avoided. Scrophulariaceae can only be planted every 3 to 4 years.

The cultivation process of Scrophulariaceae does not require time and effort, and the management is relatively extensive, so the place of production has changed. Wild Scrophulariaceae is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei, Guangxi, and Anhui; domestic Scrophulariaceae is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, and Shanxi. Scrophulariaceae grows wild on slopes below 1,700 meters above sea level, on the roadside at the foot of mountains or in damp grass in valleys or under jungles beside creeks. It is mostly cultivated on sunny low slopes, and the soil is mostly loose and fertile sandy loam. The growth cycle is one year, that is, it can be harvested the same year it is planted.

Select land and prepare the land

Choose sandy loam with deep soil layers, barren hills and sunny slopes for planting, and it is better to plant leguminous and gramineous crops before. The roots of Scrophulariaceae penetrate deeply into the soil and have a strong ability to absorb fertilizer, so they need to be plowed deeply, apply enough base fertilizer, 75,000 kg/ha, and rake it carefully to make high ridges of 25 cm high, 45-60 cm wide at the bottom, and about 30 cm wide at the top. , adopt border construction, the border width is about 120 cm, and the length depends on the terrain and the amount of species.

Propagation methods

Methods such as division, seeds, cuttings, etc. Mainly using buds for propagation is commonly used in production, and the propagation rate of seeds is low.

1． Root and bud propagation

In the cool climate of the north, when harvesting Scrophulariaceae in autumn, place the rhizomes with buds from east to west in a pit 100 cm wide and 120 cm deep, and pile them about 25 cm high. Cover with a layer of root beer until no buds are visible, and then gradually thicken it by about 20 cm as the temperature changes. Keep the temperature in the pit at 0 to 2°C. When the temperature rises in the second spring, the soil will be gradually removed to prevent sudden growth of buds. In April, break the rhizome into several pieces, with 2 to 3 bud heads on each piece. The row spacing is 45 cm and the plant spacing is about 30 cm. Dig holes for planting, one in each hole, with 3 bud eyes, and plant the tops of the buds upward. Make it about 3 cm deep, cover it with 5 cm of soil, and water it. In places where the temperature is relatively warm, you can also plant in autumn when harvesting, and the planting method is the same as above. If planting in spring, remove the bud heads of the harvested Scrophulariaceae and let them dry indoors for 1 to 2 days. Then place them in a dug 30 cm deep hole. Put the bud heads into the pit and cover them with a thin layer of grass or grass. There should be no dew or rain in the pit, and there should be accumulation of water. Plant immediately around March, never too late. The method is the same as above.

2. Propagation by divisions

In the spring of the second year after planting, many seedlings of Scrophulariaceae will sprout from each stem. When the seedlings grow to 30-45 cm high, only 2-3 plants will be left in the middle of each pocket of Scrophulariaceae. , all the rest are pulled out as propagation materials, inserted diagonally into the holes in the finished border, covered with soil, and watered.

3. Seed propagation

The yield of seed propagation is relatively low, but seed propagation grows quickly and can produce products in one year, and there are few diseases.

Planting Scrophulariaceae in the south is divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing. Spring sowing takes place in February. Autumn sowing is carried out from October to early November. Spring sowing can be harvested in the same year, but the quality is relatively poor. Autumn sowing grows faster and can be harvested the following year. However, the quality and yield are better than spring sowing, so it is mostly used in breeding soil.

In the north, from early March to early April, seedlings are raised in sunny borders. After the borders are ready, they are deeply irrigated and sown with water. Spread the seeds evenly or in rows, sift some finely with a sieve, and cover the seeds. It can be covered with a layer of straw or wheat straw to preserve moisture and heat. Remove the grass cover before the seedlings emerge, pay attention to moisturizing, water frequently, and pay attention to management until the seedlings emerge. Pull weeds frequently. After all the seedlings emerge, thin them out 2 to 3 times. If the seedlings grow very thin, a small amount of fertilizer should be applied. When the seedlings are 6 cm high, they can be planted in the field. The spacing between the rows and the rows should be the same as the root shoot propagation method.

Field management

1. Cultivating and weeding

When the Scrophulariaceae seedlings emerge, pull out any grass. When weeding, it is not easy to loosen the soil too deeply to avoid damaging the roots. After June, when the plants have grown up, there is no need to loosen them anymore. Just pull out the grass if there is any. For Scrophulariaceae, apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers 1 to 2 times before sealing the ridges, and apply them together with some manure or compost. The method of fertilizing is to open a small hole or ditch next to the plant and apply it, cover it with soil, cover it firmly, and cultivate the roots.

2. Thinning

After Scrophulariaceae is planted, many seedlings will grow from the roots in the second year, enlarging the branches and increasing yield. Remove excess strains in time, leaving only 2 to 3 strains.

3. Topping

If the Scrophulariaceae is harvested for commercial use and is not used for planting, remove the flower sprouts in time to concentrate the nutrients on the roots.

Scophyllum is relatively drought-tolerant. When the drought is particularly severe, water it appropriately to prevent flooding. During the rainy season, pay attention to removing stagnant water.

Pest and disease control

1. Leaf blight

Also known as "iron-scorched leaf" and "leaf blight". The pathogenic genus of fungi is a demi-known fungus, and its scientific name is Septoriascrophulariae West. The rainy season is more serious. Commonly occurs in the north and south. In the early stages of the disease, purple-brown spots appear on the leaves. The center is slightly sunken, and then the lesions expand into polygonal, round or irregular shapes. The large lesions are grey-brown, divided into a network shape by leaf veins, with purple-brown angular protruding wide rings around the edges, and there are many small black spots scattered on the lesions. In severe cases, the leaves will die. Prevention and control methods: ① Clean the garden after harvest and eliminate diseased and residual plants. ② Strengthen field management and pay attention to drainage and ventilation. ③Spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux solution or 65% Zinc 500 times solution before and at the beginning of the disease, once every 7 to 10 days, several times in a row.

2. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

The pathogen is a demi-known fungus, with the scientific name Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Damage to roots and rhizomes. The disease is more common in the south. The disease occurs from June to September in Jiangsu, when there is heavy rain. The roots are rotten, and the diseased roots and rhizosphere soil are covered with white silky hyphae, and there are small light yellow to dark brown rapeseed-like sclerotia. Hyphae and sclerotia can spread to the main stem. Diseased plants quickly wilt and die. Prevention and control methods: ① Rotate crops with grass crops and avoid continuous cropping. ② Strengthen field management and pay attention to drainage, ventilation and light transmission. Sorghum planting should be used in rainy areas. ③ Pull out the diseased plants promptly, remove the soil from the diseased holes, and remove lime to seal the diseased holes. ④ Before planting, soak in vacuole with 50% sterilizing agent 1000 times for 5 minutes and then dry for planting.

3. Spider mites

damage leaves, causing white spots, yellowing, and dryness.

In addition, there are also dangers from cutworms and aphids. Prevention and control methods include artificial capture of cutworms or trapping with food. Aphid damage can be controlled with dimethoate or tobacco gray water.

Harvesting and Processing

Scrophulariaceae has strong cold tolerance and can still grow well in light frosts. Harvest when above-ground stems wilt. Before harvesting, remove the above-ground stems and leaves, then dig out the underground roots, separate the rhizomes with buds and the medicinal roots, dry the roots for 1 to 2 days, shake off the soil and fibrous roots, and pile them up to make them Sweat for 3 to 4 days. During the process of sweating, turn it frequently to make the inside and outside turn black and purple, with a soft texture. After it is stuffy, dry it in the sun again.