Roseaceae strawberry perennial evergreen herbs. The main species are Oriental strawberry, forest strawberry, green strawberry, Chilean strawberry and Wisconsin strawberry. Distributed in the northern hemisphere and South America, the most Europe, the United States, Japan, North Korea, Mexico, Canada and so on the second. China is mostly planted in the suburbs of large and medium-sized cities. Cultivated varieties of strawberry and Chilean strawberry and its hybrid offspring. Strawberry plants are dwarf, with a short thick rhizome, year after year upward new stems, new stems with long-stalked three compound leaves. Cymes terminal, white or reddish flowers. After the flowers are gone, the receptacle expands into a juicy polymerized fruit, red or white, spherical, ovate or ellipsoidal, which bears most of the small seed-like achenes. Prefers warmth, humidity and good sunlight, intolerant of cold, drought and high temperatures. The root system consists of new stems and adventitious roots on rhizomes. Rhizomes begin to die after 3 years, with the highest yield in the second year, decreasing after 3 years. Propagate by stolons in the fall. Strong seedling planting, adequate basal fertilizer, harvesting a season that is renewed, can be high yield in successive years. Open field and greenhouse protected cultivation can be. The use of stem tip and anther culture can obtain non-toxic seedlings in a short period of time and accelerate the breeding of new varieties. Strawberry fruit is rich in vitamin C, iron and a variety of minerals. Fresh food and jam, juice, fruit wine; fresh fruit frozen can be quality storage and transportation.
Benefits of eating strawberries
Strawberries are perennial herbaceous plants of the Rosaceae family, also known as the foreign berry, native to South America, our country was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century. Strawberry varieties, there are more than 2,000 varieties, the fruit is bright red and beautiful, soft and juicy, sweet and sour, fragrant, "Queen of Fruits" reputation. Strawberry nutritious, rich in a variety of active ingredients, per 100 grams of fresh fruit flesh containing vitamin C60 mg, than apples, grapes content is also high. Flesh contains a large number of sugars, proteins, organic acids, pectin and other nutrients. In addition, strawberries are rich in vitamins B1, B2, C, PP and calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, zinc, chromium and other essential minerals and some trace elements. Strawberries are an important source of essential fiber, iron, potassium, vitamin C and flavonoids. Strawberries, also known as cranberries, poplar berries, ground berries, etc., is the general name of the Rosaceae strawberry plants, there are more than 50 kinds of the world.
Strawberries are rich in nutrients, containing fructose, sucrose, citric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, amino acids and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. In addition, it also contains a variety of vitamins, especially vitamin C content is very rich, every 100 grams of strawberries contain vitamin C60 mg. Carotene contained in strawberries is an important substance for the synthesis of vitamin A, which has the effect of brightening the eyes and nourishing the liver. Strawberries also contain pectin and rich in dietary fiber, can help digestion, smooth stool.
The nutrients in strawberries are easily digested and absorbed by the human body, and eating them more often will not make you cold or hot, so it is a healthy food for both young and old. There are many ways to eat strawberries.
Strawberry food
Strawberries mixed with cream or fresh milk **** food, the flavor is excellent; will be washed strawberries with sugar and cream mashed into strawberry puree, frozen is cold, sweet, soft, tasty daylight saving food; strawberry sauce such as making snacks steamed buns, pastry filling, it is a wonderful food. Strawberries can also be processed into juice, jam, fruit wine and canned goods. The motherland medicine, strawberry is cool and sour, non-toxic, with moistening the lungs, cooling blood, spleen and alcohol and other effects.
How to clean strawberries
The average person washes strawberries, removes the leaves from the strawberries, and then puts them in water to soak. However, this method is incorrect. Because once the strawberries are removed from the leaves and soaked in water, the pesticides may enter the strawberries through the water flow, which will lead to more contamination.
Tips for washing strawberries
1) Soak strawberries in lightly salted water or rice water for 5 minutes. The main reason why strawberries are difficult to clean is because of their rough appearance and thin skin, which breaks once washed. Therefore, many people in order to save trouble, simply rinse with water and eat. In fact, strawberry belongs to herbaceous plants, the plant is relatively low, the fruit is tender and juicy, all of these lead to it is susceptible to pests and microbial attack. Therefore, pesticides are often used in the process of growing strawberries. These pesticides, fertilizers, and pathogens are easily attached to the rough surface of the strawberry, and if not cleaned properly, they are likely to cause diarrhea and even pesticide poisoning.
2) Be sure to wash the strawberries, it is best to use tap water to rinse constantly, flowing water can avoid pesticides penetrate into the fruit. Clean strawberries should not be eaten immediately, it is best to soak them in lightly salted water or rice water for 5 minutes. Salt water can kill the harmful microorganisms remaining on the surface of strawberries; rice water is alkaline, can promote the degradation of acidic pesticides. When washing strawberries, be careful not to remove the strawberry tip, to remove the tip of the strawberry if soaked in water, residual pesticides will enter the fruit with the water, resulting in more serious contamination. In addition, do not soak strawberries with detergent and other cleaning agents, these substances are difficult to clean, easy to remain in the fruit, resulting in secondary pollution.
The origin of strawberries
Strawberries, also known as cranberries, poplar berries, ground berries, etc., is the general name of the strawberry genus of plants in the Rosaceae family, there are more than 50 kinds around the world. Strawberries are native to Europe and were introduced to China in the 20th century. Today, the United States, Poland and Russia are the world's most planted strawberry countries. China's strawberry planting time is not long, and more cultivated in the suburbs of the city, the production of more Beijing, Tianjin, Shen, Hangzhou and other cities. Strawberry is a perennial herbaceous plant, and its fruit develops from the receptacle into a fleshy polymerized fruit, which is different from the general fruit developed from the ovary. Its appearance is heart-shaped, beautiful red tender, juicy flesh, sweet and sour, rich in flavor, not only color, but also general fruit does not have a pleasant aroma, is a rare fruit color, aroma and taste are good, so it is often hailed as the queen of the fruit ".
Strawberry environment
Strawberries need to be planted in a sunny, warm environment. In addition the soil should have good hydrophobicity. If you are planting in the ground, be careful not to use ground that has been previously planted with potatoes, as strawberries are susceptible to a disease found on potatoes.
When strawberries fruit, they need to be separated from the soil, so growing them in pots is a better option. You can choose a multi-purpose planter and put a layer of rocks on the surface of the soil in the pot so that you are less likely to splash soil on the strawberries when you water. If planting in soil, protect the strawberries with some hay, or a mat.
Tips for eating strawberries
1. When the accumulation of food and bloating, poor appetite, you can eat strawberries before meals 60 grams, 3 times a day; 2. bleeding gums, mouth and tongue sores, urination, yellow, can be 60 grams of fresh strawberries, mashed, cold boiled water, 3 times a day; 3. dry cough with no phlegm, the day does not heal, can be used to fresh strawberries 6 grams of rock candy 30 grams of simmered with water, 3 times a day; 4. in case of hot dry cough, sore throat, hoarse voice, available strawberry fruit juice, washed and squeezed every morning and evening a cup; 5. dizziness after drinking, you can once eat 100 grams of fresh strawberries, washed and served at once, to help sober up; 6. malnutrition or illness after the frail and emaciated, you can be washed and squeezed strawberries, and then add an equal amount of rice wine mixing strawberry wine, morning and evening each drink 1 cup.
The three-year cycle of strawberry planting
There is a three-year cycle of strawberry planting. In the first year, only a few strawberries are harvested, and in the second year, many are harvested, but in the third year or three years, the yield of strawberries decreases significantly and the plants need to be replaced. So rationalizing the cultivation of new plants to ensure that there are always some strawberries each year that are second-year producers will maximize the economic benefits.
When a strawberry grows well, it produces a vine, at the end of which new plantlets are produced. When the plantlets reach 3-4 leaves, you can cut them off and plant them in a separate pot, watering them carefully. It is best not to let a new plant from the first year bear strawberries, but only to let it grow more leaves. So when you find a new year's worth of strawberries blooming, remove the flowers. And don't forget to put a small sign on the plant with the planting date of the new post so you don't forget it later. Remove any other excess vines on the new plant. If the strawberries are planted in a yard plot, be careful to weed them as well. When watering, be careful not to get the strawberries wet, as they tend to rot once they get splashed with water.
Strawberry Care
Once the strawberries start to bear fruit and turn red, be careful not to let birds peck at them, as they tend to spot the red color. Attach a net to the strawberries or cover them with a wooden basket. But if you have a warm room in your house, you can move the strawberries to a warm room, which will be better. Strawberries are also more likely to bear fruit. When the strawberries have finished fruiting, you can move them out of the conservatory and put them outside for the winter. In some ways, it's better for the next year's yield if the strawberry plants survive some frost.
Strawberries are very easy plants to grow and transplant. Sometimes you may find plants with yellow leaves, but don't worry, just remove them. It is possible to keep the yellow leaves during the winter until the following spring when there is new leaf growth, then remove the dead yellow leaves and take care of watering, weeding, and pest control.
Strawberries can also be planted in plant bags, but be sure to water them evenly to prevent birds from pecking at them and insect pests. The soil in the plant bag dries out easily and needs to be checked frequently to ensure it is moist.
How to Grow Strawberries
Strawberries are suitable for planting in full sun and well-drained soil. The soil is about 8-10 inches deep.
For large-type strawberries, rows should be spaced 12 inches apart and plants spaced about 18 inches apart are good. It is important to remove the vines from the plants in a timely manner to help the strawberries bear fruit. Strawberry production is cyclical, so it's best to cultivate some new plants in the first few years of planting.
If you don't like to manage strawberries, you can plant a strawberry plant every 18-24 inches so that the strawberries can vine anywhere. Of course it will look a little sporadic and the strawberries won't be big. If you want to avoid this, remove some of the vines as appropriate.
In the fall, spread a layer of soil over the plants to protect them from frost. When the soil freezes, you can spread another 3-4 inches of hay over the plants. Remove the hay by the following spring when there is new leaf growth. When the weather warms up and stabilizes, remove the top layer of mulch soil from the plants. But leave some hay in the rows to prevent weeds from growing and to keep the soil hydrated.
Base for raising strawberries
Dandong has become the country's largest strawberry producer
With the early strawberries on the market, Dandong Donggang, Liaoning, chair town farmers in the Spring Festival, Yu Weisheng busy, only 0.2 acres of greenhouses, he earned more than 3,000 yuan this year. According to local government statistics, in Dandong, like Yu Weisheng engaged in the strawberry industry, there are 60,000 farmers, annual per capita income of nearly 8,000 yuan. Dandong strawberry planting area has reached 110,000 acres, with a total annual output of 130,000 tons, accounting for more than 15% of the country's total output, is the country's largest strawberry production base.
At present, Dandong strawberry is gradually realized new varieties of seedlings factory, production base scale, fruit processing series, product market internationalization. Dandong strawberry has been exported to Japan, South Korea, Singapore, the United States and other countries, the annual output value reached 450 million yuan.
Jiangsu Province, Changzhou City, Luoxi town strawberry planting benefits
Changzhou City, Xinbei District, Luoxi town, closely around the "agricultural efficiency, farmers increase income, rural stability," the overall goal, take full advantage of the facilities of agricultural demonstration parks driven by the radiation and has more than 20 years of experience in planting strawberries and technology, and actively guide the development of farmers! Strawberry planting. At present, the town engaged in strawberry planting has more than 2,000 households, an area of 4,500 acres, accounting for more than 70% of the market share in Changzhou.
Fenghua Shangtian strawberry base is listed as a national spark plan
A few days ago, the Ministry of Science and Technology of the State issued in 2003 part of the science and technology industrialization project plan. The construction of pollution-free production base in Shangtian Town, Fenghua, Zhejiang Province and the development of its fermented wine series products were listed as the 2003 national Spark Project Plan. The project is managed by the Science and Technology Bureau of Fenghua City and organized and implemented by the city's Qunma Wine Co.
Yunnan Yongren County Strawberry Base Introduction
Changzhou strawberry production is mainly distributed in Yongding, Lianchi two places, in 2003, Yongding, Lianchi 2 townships (towns) of the five villages, 215 farmers planted 330 acres of strawberries, varieties are mainly ghosts of Nugan, Fogenia, Changle, Berry Bao, Daslaike, etc., * * * harvested fresh strawberries 412,500 kilograms to achieve the production value of 701,200 yuan; small spring this year, Lianchi, Yongding 2 townships (towns) 5 villages, 13 village groups, 320 households planted 280 acres of strawberries, each acre of fresh strawberries 1,000-1,200 kilograms, each kilogram of fresh strawberries price of 1.5-2.5 yuan, is now the basic end of the picking.