Individuals have different physical qualities, the tolerance of the drug is not the same, try to be cautious, it is best to follow the doctor's advice, listen to the doctor's scientific treatment, and be careful to prevent self-medication.
The pathology of asthma is based on chronic allergic inflammation of the airways and is sensitive to external stimuli. Therefore, in the treatment of bronchial asthma, should not just diastolic bronchial, but should also pay attention to anti-inflammatory and reduce airway reactivity of the treatment. The focus of asthma treatment has changed with the emergence of new perspectives on treatment. In the past, the treatment that favored the application of bronchodilators to relieve bronchoconstriction and alleviate symptoms inevitably failed to meet the patient's needs. Hormones with anti-inflammatory effects have become the main drugs in the treatment of asthma.
1, bronchodilator
Bronchodilator antiasthmatic drugs. Mainly to relieve bronchial spasm, control acute asthma attacks, but no anti-inflammatory effect. Due to the fast and obvious action of bronchodilators, it is easy to be accepted by the patient, but you can not rely too much on these symptom-relieving drugs. Moderately severe asthma patients with beta2 agonists should be inhaled at the same time as corticosteroids, a two-pronged approach, in order to achieve better efficacy.
The commonly used bronchodilators are categorized into the following three types.
(1)β2 adrenergic receptor agonist (β2 agonist): β receptor exists in cardiovascular, lung and muscle tissues and organs, can be divided into β1 and β2 two. Excitatory drugs that act on β1 receptors can increase the contractility of the heart muscle, accelerate the heartbeat, and inhibit intestinal peristalsis. Excitants acting on β2 receptors dilate bronchial tubes, increase the ciliary clearance of airway epithelial cells, and reduce eosinophils in the blood. Epinephrine and isoprenaline (wheezing), etc., on the β1 and β2 receptors have an excitatory effect, so in the diastolic bronchial at the same time, often cause rapid heartbeat, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, arrhythmia and other side effects.
Beta2 agonists, such as salbutamol (salbutamol), can be taken orally or inhaled; there are both long-acting and short-acting preparations. Usually use aerosol inhalation route, such as albuterol, generally inhaled 5 minutes to 10 minutes, that is to play the role of asthma, but can only be maintained for 3 hours to 6 hours. While the long-acting aerosol "Schlichten" or oral "Quanternin", "Meibianqing", can be maintained for 12 hours.
However, beta2 agonists are best used on an as-needed basis when symptoms are present. If too much reliance is placed on beta2 agonists, this means that anti-inflammatory treatment is inadequate, or the inhalation method is incorrect, or there is a combination of other infectious problems. beta2 agonists can be given by inhalation with an aerosol in addition to an aqueous solution of salbutamol, which can be administered by nebulizer through a nebulizer using an air-pressure pump or an oxygen cartridge as a power source. this has a fast action with few side effects, and it is the current preferred method of delivery in asthma emergencies.
(2) theophylline: aminophylline and β2 agonist effect is similar, can relax the airway smooth muscle, and has the role of excitation of the heart and the central nervous system, so that the respiratory secretion is easy to discharge, but also can restore respiratory muscle fatigue. Commonly used are ordinary aminophylline tablets and long-acting theophylline. It also has a better wheezing effect, and the concentration of the drug in the blood works at a level of 5 to 20 micrograms per milliliter. Because of the big difference in individual metabolism of this drug, if you can carry out drug concentration measurement, according to which to adjust the medication, so that the concentration of the drug in the blood to keep in the best effective concentration range, the effect is better.
Generic aminophylline tablets are usually taken every 6 hours to 8 hours, and children can take (4 to 5) mg/kg of body weight per dose. Long-acting theophylline is taken at 12-hour intervals at (8 to 10) milligrams per kilogram of body weight, and adults generally use 0.1 to 0.15 grams per dose twice daily. There is also a preparation called "Ubiquinol" that can be taken once a day for 24 hours. However, theophylline can sometimes cause malaise, abdominal discomfort, appetite affected, so it is appropriate to take after meals.
(3) anticholinergics: brominated hydroxyisoproterenol has a strong relaxation effect on airway smooth muscle, but the effect is slow, after 30 minutes to 60 minutes after the drug to reach the peak, the role of the airway in the large and medium airway is mainly, can be used together with the β2 agonist, usually with aerosol or nebulized solution inhalation.
654-2 is a cholinergic nerve blocker developed in China, which also has the effect of relaxing smooth muscle and improving microcirculation. Some chronic asthma patients can also be long-term small doses of oral.
(4)Leukotriene receptor antagonist: cysteinyl leukotriene can cause airway microvascular leakage, edema and mucus secretion and cause airway eosinophilic cell exudation, is a powerful bronchoconstrictor, from the theoretical speculation that its receptor antagonist may be an effective asthma prevention and treatment agent. This conception has now become a reality. Ltd. launched a selective leukotriene D receptor antagonist, the commercial name of Accolate, which was clinically tested in Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang Hospital and other hospitals, and proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of light and medium-sized bronchial asthma. This may be a new breakthrough in asthma treatment.
2, preventive drugs
Preventive drugs themselves are more than wheezing, but after a period of time of persistent use of drugs, can reduce the number of episodes, reduce the degree of episodes, and have a certain preventive effect.
3, immunomodulators
4, TDDS immune-targeted activation of integrated therapy
5, antibiotics
6, Chinese herbal medicine
So be sure to "adhere to the doctor's office, comply with the prescription of the medication, and regular checkups.