Open classification: antique
Taihu stone: also known as cave stone, is a kind of limestone, which has two types: water and drought. The earliest Taihu stone, with various shapes and postures, is penetrating and transparent, and its color can best reflect the beauty of "wrinkle, leakage, thinness and transparency". Its color is mostly white stone, and there are few blue and black stones. In particular, yellow ones are even rarer, so it is especially suitable for arranging parks, lawns, campuses, courtyards and other tourist attractions. It has high ornamental value. According to "Qing Yi Lu", people began to enjoy it in the post-Jin period of the Five Dynasties, and it became particularly popular in the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Niu Monks and Confucians, who were revered in phase, were a person who loved collecting Taihu stones. His villa in Guirenli and Nanguo, the mansion, has a very rich collection of Taihu Stone. Bai Juyi called him "when resting, he keeps company with the stone", even to the point of "treating him like a guest and friend, loving him like Tessa, being as precious as a gem, and loving his children and grandchildren", which shows that he loves the stone deeply. Bai Juyi once wrote "The Story of Taihu Stone" to describe Taihu Stone, and it was also recorded in "Yunlin Stone Spectrum". The "Flower Stone Class" that happened at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty refers to Taihu Stone, which caused the peasant uprising. The famous Taihu Stone left over from history includes Cloud Capped Peak in Suzhou Liuyuan Garden and Yulinglong in Shanghai Yuyuan Garden. Taihu Stone can be divided into water stone and dry stone. Tang Wurong's "Song of Taihu Stone" vividly describes the causes and methods of water stone: "Dongting Mountain Lake is full of water, and there are hidden stones in the waves, and the iron rope is searched for thousands of times. Whoever knows the grotesque shape." Dry stone is formed by limestone formed 4 million years ago under the long-term erosion of acidic red soil.
Taihu stone in Jiangsu. Refers to the stones produced in Taihu Lake, Jiangsu Province, with many holes and wrinkled textures, which can be used to make fake mountains and decorate gardens and courtyards and other cultural landscapes. The ancients said, "cui wei is strewn at random, and there are a lot of jade. The peak of the fairy palm out, the sword door is opened. " Introduce us into the artistic conception created by this historic stone. Taihu Stone is one of the four famous playing stones in ancient China (Yingshi, Taihu Stone, Lingbi Stone and Huangwax Stone). It is named after it is produced in Taihu Lake. It refers to limestone produced in Xishan and Yixing in Dongting, Suzhou, which surrounds Taihu Lake, among which Yun Mountain and Yuqi Mountain are the most famous. Taihu Lake, called Zhenze in ancient times, is also called Lize. It is a relic of ancient coastal lake, located at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and in the south of the Yangtze River Delta. About 1 million years ago, Taihu Lake was still a big bay, but later it was gradually isolated from the sea and turned into an inland lake in the process of desalination. Taihu Lake, with an area of 2,425 square kilometers and a coastline of 4 kilometers, is the third largest freshwater lake in China. Therefore, the ancient geological land-making movement left a wealth of stone materials. Taihu Lake is known as: 36, hectares, surrounded by 8 miles. However, the actual area is greatly reduced by factors such as sediment deposition and artificial reclamation of the lake, and the bottom of the lake is submerged, so the stone materials are rich. The lake is located in the center of the water network in the south of the Yangtze River. Even if its stone is convenient to use, the exploitation is properly restricted due to environmental protection. Taihu Stone is a commonly used stone in China classical gardens, either alone or stacked as a rockery. Taihu Stone originated from Taihu Lake in Dongting Mountain, Suzhou. Due to the long-term impact of water waves, many caves, perforations and holes have been produced, which are strangely shaped and have been favored by gardeners since ancient times. There are three kinds of Taihu stone: white Taihu stone, blue-black Taihu stone and blue-gray Taihu stone. Quarrymen carry tools to dive for stones, bind them with big ropes, hang them on big ships and transport them to the construction site for gardening. Wen Zhenheng, a Ming painter and landscaper, wrote in "Chronicles of Long History": "The Taihu Stone is the most expensive in the water. When it is hit by waves for a long time, it becomes an empty stone with a delicate face." Taihu stone belongs to limestone, mostly gray, rarely white or black. Limestone has been subjected to the impact of waves and the dissolution of water containing carbon dioxide for a long time. In the long years, Taihu stone, which is exquisitely carved and tortuous in nature, has gradually formed.
Anhui Taihu stone. Refers to Anhui Taihu Stone Base. Taihu County, Anhui Province is located in the southwest of Anhui Province, at the southern foot of Dabie Mountain and on the north bank of the Yangtze River. It faces Tianzhu Mountain in the east and Lushan Mountain in the south, ranking above the tourist hotline in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Hejiu Railway, National Highway 15 and Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway pass through the territory with a total area of 2,31 square kilometers. Taihu Lake has beautiful mountains and rivers and pleasant scenery. The lake is dotted with islands, surrounded by mountains and fruit trees, and is a resort for tourism, recuperation and leisure. Zhaohe Tangwan Hot Spring has a water temperature of 47℃ all the year round and a sunrise volume of 1,5 tons. The water quality is clear, and it can be drunk, bathed and treated. Therefore, Anhui Taihu Stone has the function of tourism and recuperation. The mountains around the lake also produce outdoor landscape stones, rockeries, marble slabs, pebbles, also known as boulders (generally more than 2 tons, suitable for being placed in ponds and artificial rivers), infrastructure stones and terrazzo (flat use). For thousands of years, stone viewing and stone hiding were only the exclusive entertainment of the leisure classes such as feudal emperors and generals, literati and literati. Today, with the society ... > >
Question 2: What are the characteristics of Taihu Stone? Taihu Stone is one of the four famous playing stones in ancient China. It is named after it was produced in Taihu Lake. It refers to limestone produced in Xishan and Yixing, Dongting, Suzhou, which surround Taihu Lake, and the most famous ones are Yun Mountain and Yuqi Mountain.
The characteristics of Taihu Stone are as follows: "Wrinkle, thinness, leakage and transparency". The so-called "wrinkle" refers to the texture on the stone, and the so-called "thinness" means that the stone body should be slim and slender. "Penetration" and "leakage" refer to the horizontal and vertical holes in the stone body. These four words can be said to vividly show the characteristics of Taihu stone.
Taihu Stone can be divided into water stone and dry stone. Tang Wurong's Song of Taihu Stone vividly describes the causes of water stone and the ways to adopt it: "The lake below Dongting Mountain is full of blue water, and there are hidden stones in the waves for ages. If the iron rope is sought after, who can know the grotesque shape." Dry stone is formed by limestone formed 4 million years ago under the long-term erosion of acidic red soil.
Question 3: What does it mean to put a Taihu stone in the living room? Traditional and classical people like to put traditional stones such as Lingbi stone and Taihu stone, while modern people like to use Huang Longyu, fossils and mineral crystals.
The choice of stones also has a certain relationship with the function of the room. If it is a living room, because of its large area and hospitality, you can choose a strange stone with large volume, warm color and strange shape. In addition, the strange stone is a perfect match with China's traditional antique calligraphy and painting, mahogany furniture, etc. They are placed together and complement each other.
Question 4: There is a Wuxi Taihu Stone in Qufu Confucius House. What is its moral to remind future generations to come straight to the point
Question 5: How to appreciate Taihu Stone? In addition to these characteristics, the records of ancient books in the past dynasties are summarized as follows:
1. A single appreciation form of "quality", "color" and "grain"
1. Appreciate the quality of the stone and distinguish the good from the bad. Such as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The "wall of harmony" loved by kings and the world at that time. This is a precedent for later generations' saying that beautiful stones are like jade.
2. Win with stone color. The white, purple and five-color stones used in Zhang Liang's "Yellowstone" and Wei Wendi's "Fanglin Garden" Jingyang Mountain all appreciate the stone color.
3. When Wei Mingdi rebuilt the Fanglin Garden, it used to "pick the aragonite from the bamboo shoot city". Textured and beautiful striped rocks have become one of the important factors to appreciate textured stones in the future.
second, Mi Fei's "method of physiognomy" and the appreciation method of Taihu stone.
Mi Fei, a scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, summed up the Taihu Stone, and put forward that the method of physiognomy can be summarized as "show", "thin", "transparent" and "wrinkle". Li Yu, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, summed up Mi Fei's "stone physiognomy" into three words: transparency, leakage and thinness, and gave a detailed explanation for the appreciation of Taihu Stone. It mainly includes shape, sound quality, luster, color and wrinkles.
1. To appreciate the Taihu Stone with various shapes, we should pay attention to thinness and tangibility, as described by Bai Juyi in The Story of Taihu Stone. "There are those who have a crooked face, such as a graceful and elegant square, and those who stand upright, such as those who have a real palace god, such as those who are polished, such as those who are graceful and sharp, such as those who are modest and sharp, such as swords and halberds. There is also such a wind, if the fist moves, it will fly, like a ghost like a beast, if it moves suddenly, it will collapse
2. Appreciate the "holes", which are formed by the impact of the lake for many years, and are called "pinball nest gas
It is because of these holes that the stone bin of Taihu Lake is given a mystery, and the people who are connected with the caves around are called" caves " Those who are connected with each other are "connected with each other". Therefore, scholars in past dynasties regarded it as a "unique cave" where immortals lived. Known as the "sacred stone" and "fairy mountain".
3. Appreciate the sound of the stone. It's a crisp sound when hitting Taihu stone. Clear rhyme is the top grade, boring is the bottom grade.
4. Appreciating the color and luster of stone refers to the color and luster of stone. Generally speaking, red, yellow, green and purple are the top grades (the influence of jade appreciation), and the common gray is the middle grade and the dark gray is the inferior grade.
5. To appreciate the moistening degree of the stone, those who are moist are the best, while those who float in the bath are the worst.
third, the appreciation method of Yunlin Stone Spectrum
This is a book written by Du Su in Song Dynasty, which records 16 kinds of strange stones in detail. It has a great influence on stone appreciation for future generations. Among them, appreciation can be divided into: 1. Shape, 2. Texture, 3. Sound, 4. Hardness, 5. Texture, 6. Moisturity, 7. Crystal shape, 8. Transparency, 9. Water absorption.
fourth, the appreciation method of "mountain-like stone" (including garden stone, strange stone, peak stone, stele, mountain-like stone, etc.).
Mountain-like rocks, also known as close-up rocks, have the effect of getting a close look at rocks. Appreciation factors are: 1. Shape: 2. Cave: 3. Color; 4, sound; 5. Moistening: 6. Texture. The most important ones are shape and cave, which determines the shape of rocks and plays a decisive role in the process of appreciation. Color, sound and moisture are related to the chemical composition of rocks, while texture is related to the physical formation of rocks and the degree of weathering and water erosion on the stone surface. The main manifestations of near-mountain rocks are solitary peaks and double peaks. Exquisite, dangerous and grotesque, and near-mountain landscape. Most of them are towering and beautiful, and the height is greater than the width. Caves pay attention to retreat skillfully, pierce eyes, bend, penetrate the air, communicate, etc. Colors are yellow, purple, cyan, white, etc.: the sound is crisp, slightly audible and silent; Moisturizing pays attention to continuous moistening, clear moistening, slightly moistening, warm moistening, firm moistening, slight dryness, etc. Texture pays attention to vertical and horizontal netting, multi-brush, white netting, stone-faced python, etc.
V. Appreciation of "Toyamagata Stone"
Toyamagata Stone mainly includes related landscape stones such as Xianshan (Shenxian Island), Yanshan (Yanshan), Potted Stone and Qiuchi Stone. It shows the landscape effect of mountains enjoyed from a distance, which requires a wide field of vision and a long viewpoint. Its shape and posture are wider than its height. Generally speaking, the more peaks, the smaller the ratio of height to width. This is different from the near-mountain-shaped stone in that it has peaks, mountains, cliffs, gullies and slopes. The peaks pay attention to the shape of peaks, high elevation, mountainous terrain, more than ten peaks, eight Jiu Feng, thirty-six peaks, small peaks and so on; Cliff valley pays attention to dangerous cliffs, thousands of cliffs, cliffs, cliffs, flying cliffs, etc. Caves pay attention to limited air permeability, vast caves, the connection between cliffs and caves, the piercing of cliffs and caves, exquisiteness, etc. Color is paid more attention to. This is because the texture of distant mountains (that is, veins) is unnecessary, showing smooth texture, which is the same as that of China's landscape paintings, "Far people have no eyes" and "Far mountains have no trees". Because the width (length) of Toyamagata's stone is greater than its height, the literati in the late Ming Dynasty called it "horizontal stone" in his Chronicles of History, and said: "The horizontal stone is waxed and the peaks and peaks are steep." >
Question 6: What is the meaning of Zhu Yi? cornus, also known as "Yuejiao" and "Aizi", is an evergreen and fragrant plant with the functions of killing insects and disinfecting, expelling cold and expelling wind. Woody cornus can be divided into Evodia rutaecarpa, Cornus officinalis and cornus, all of which are famous Chinese medicines. According to the custom of the ancients in China, on September 9th, during the Double Ninth Festival, they climbed mountains and wore a cloth bag with cornus on their arms (called "cornus Capsule" in ancient times), which was a terrible reminder of their nostalgia for relatives and friends. Wang Wei, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote in his poem "on the mountain holiday thinking of my brothers in shandong": "If you know where your brother climbs, there will be one less person everywhere."
In addition, there are songs that have been verified that the beauty is like a dream, among which there is a sentence that there is a delicate fragrance in the flower capsule of Zhu Yi that year .. It is not ruled out that it is a slip of the pen or a typo.
Question 7: What does it mean to be thoughtful?
Pronunciation ru ò y ǒ u su ǒ s:
Interpretation if: it seems like thinking about something. Describe the appearance of * * * meditation.
where did it come from? Chen Hong's "Long Hate Biography": "Yu Fei retired at a loss and was thoughtful."
In the moonlight, he stood silently beside the stone of Taihu Lake.
please adopt.