Banana variety

Among the four kinds of bananas, there are many main varieties of bananas. According to statistics, there are more than 300 banana varieties in the world, 80 in Taiwan Province Province and more than 30 in mainland provinces. Banana cultivation is the most common in China, and there are also small areas of banana, pink banana and longan banana.

1. Banana has a high planting height, which belongs to Gao Qian type fragrant tooth banana, also known as Qinggaoba and Gaoba fragrant tooth banana, and Fujian is called Gaotianbao banana, which is an excellent variety in Dongguan, Guangdong. The plant is tall and strong, with a false stem height of 260 ~ 360 cm and a stem circumference of 85 ~ 95 cm. The leaves are long, the sheath distance is sparse, and the main veins on the back of the leaves are covered with white powder; The ear length is 75 ~ 85cm, the number of fruit combs is 9 ~ 1 1, and the finger length is19.5 ~ 20 cm. The pulp is smooth and sweet, with 20% ~ 30% soluble solids; Generally, the yield per plant is 20 ~ 25 kg, and the highest yield can reach 60 kg. This variety has high yield, good quality, strong drought and cold tolerance, and quick recovery after cold injury, but it is vulnerable to wind injury.

2. Gaojiaodun Landmine Gaojiaodun Landmine belongs to Gao Qian banana, which is one of the excellent varieties in Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province. The plant is the highest, the height of the pseudostem is 300 ~ 400 cm, the circumference is 70 ~ 80 cm, and the thickness under the pseudostem is obvious. Leaves are long and narrow, petioles are slender, leaves are yellow-green, and sheath distance is sparse; The ear is medium-long, the number of combed fruits and fruit index are less, but the single fruit is long and heavy. The length of fruit finger is 20 ~ 24 cm, the weight of single fruit is above 150 g, the content of soluble solids is 20% ~ 22%, and the quality is medium. Under general cultivation conditions, the yield per plant can reach 25 ~ 30 kg, and the high yield can reach 70 kg. This variety has long fruit shape, high yield and good quality, but it requires high fertilizer, water and temperature. Its economic performance in the Pearl River Delta is not ideal, its wind resistance is extremely poor, its recovery ability after frost is low, and banana bunchy top disease is prone to occur.

3. Seven flavors and seven flavors belong to Gao Qian banana, which is mainly distributed in Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province, and is an excellent variety in Gaozhou City. The height of the pseudostem is 300 ~ 360 cm, the stem circumference is 65 ~ 80 cm, the stem is even up and down, and the skin color is light green; Leaves are vertically elongated upward, long and narrow, petiole is slender, sheath distance is sparse, and leaves are dense, especially before and after budding, hence the name; Under normal circumstances, the number of combs and fruits per ear is similar to that of Gaojiaodun Mine. The average number of ear combs is 8 ~ 10 comb, the fruit index length is 18 ~ 22 cm, the single fruit weight is 130 ~ 140 g, and the soluble solids are 19% ~ 20%, with medium quality. Under normal circumstances, the yield per plant can reach 25 ~ 30 kg, and the highest can reach 50 kg. This variety has high yield and long fruit index, which is one of the varieties suitable for export and northward transportation, but it has poor wind resistance, weak cold resistance and disease resistance, and requires high water and fertilizer conditions. There are two strains of this variety: tall foot and short foot.

4. Hekou Gaoba Banana Hekou Gaoba Banana belongs to Gao Qian type sweet tooth banana, which is the main cultivated variety in Hekou County. The plant is tall, the pseudostem is 260 ~ 300 cm high, the comb shape is neat, and the fruit index is many. Usually, each ear has 10 comb teeth, more than 200 fruit fingers, and the length of fruit fingers is 15 ~ 2 1 cm. The fruit quality is soft and sweet. Good quality; Under general cultivation conditions, the yield per plant is 20 ~ 40 kg, and individual high-yield plants reach 50 kg. This variety has high yield and good quality, and is very suitable for planting in areas with high temperature and high humidity and sufficient fertilizer and water.

5. Fairy banana is a kind of Gao Qian fragrant tooth banana, which is mutated from Beijiao in Taiwan Province Province. Its comprehensive characters are very similar to those of Beijiao, and it is the main cultivated variety in Taiwan Province Province. The plant is tall and thin, with a pseudostem height of 270 ~ 320 cm. The leaves are slightly longer and wider than bananas, and the color is lighter. The fruit has high sugar content, but the quality is slightly worse than that of Beijiao, and the causal skin is thicker. Fruits are more resistant to storage and transportation; The yield per plant is better than that of Beijiao. Strong resistance to bunchy top disease, suitable for large-scale planting in barren mountainous areas, but the growth period is longer than that of Beijiao 15 ~ 30 days, and the wind resistance is also poor.

In addition, oil banana, Yunnan tall banana, Guangxi tall banana, Bo Yue (also known as Taiwan Province green skin) and Brazil banana are all Gao Qian-type fragrant-tooth bananas.

6. Short-legged mine Short-legged mine belongs to medium-dry banana and is one of the main varieties planted in Gaozhou City, Guangdong Province. Plant pseudostems are 250 ~ 280 cm high, grow healthily, have long leaves and short petioles; The ears are long and the comb distance is dense. There are many small fruits, the fruit index is long 18 ~ 22 cm, and the soluble solid content is 20% ~ 22%. The quality and flavor are better than those of Gaojiaokuang and Qiwei, and the quality is above average. Generally, the yield per plant is 20 ~ 28 kg, and the yield per plant can reach 50 kg. This variety has stable yield, strong adaptability, moderate wind resistance, strong cold resistance and quick recovery after frost.

7. Williams Williams is a medium dry banana, which was introduced from Australia. The height of the plant is 250 ~ 280 cm, and the circumference is 47 ~ 58 cm. The leaf length is 175 ~ 193 cm, and the leaves grow slightly upright. The ear length is 65 ~ 80 cm, the comb shape is good, the fruit fingers are arranged tightly and straight, and the number of combs is also 8 ~ 10. The number of fruits is slightly less; Fruit fingers are longer. Fruit index 19 ~ 23 cm, medium quality. This variety has good fruit shape, but poor wind resistance and is prone to leaf spot disease. In China, people from different places have different personalities and reflect differently.

8. Yuejiao No.2 (formerly known as 63- 1), formerly known as 63- 1, is a medium-dry fragrant-toothed banana selected from imported Vietnamese bananas by the Fruit Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The pseudostem is 200 ~ 265cm high, the leaf length is 203 ~ 2 13cm, the petiole is 38cm long, and the leaf is slightly shorter and wider. The ear length is 70 ~ 85 cm, and the number of ear combs and fruit fingers are more, which are 10 ~ 1 1 comb respectively. 165 ~ 2 10, slightly slender fruit index 18 ~ 23 cm, single fruit weight 125 ~ 145 g, total sugar content 19.8%, and medium quality; Generally, the yield per plant is 22-32kg, which has strong wind resistance similar to that of dwarf bananas, moderate cold and disease resistance, moderate storage resistance and quick recovery after freezing. This variety has high yield, good fruit shape, good quality and strong adaptability, and is suitable for planting everywhere, but it requires high water and soil.

9. Guangdong Banana 1, formerly known as 74- 1, is a short to medium dry fragrant-toothed banana selected from Gaozhou dwarf bananas in 1974. Plant pseudostems are 200 ~ 240 cm high and stout. Even up and down; Leaves 200 cm long, petiole 36 cm long, leaves short and wide; The ear is of medium size, the ear length is 68 ~ 76.3 cm, the number of fruit combs10 ~1,the number of fruits 190 ~ 208, the finger length 17 ~ 22 cm, and the single fruit weight/kloc-0. General yield per plant 18 ~ 27 kg, wind resistance, cold resistance, leaf spot resistance, medium storage resistance. This variety has high yield, stable yield, strong stress resistance and quick recovery after cold. It is a new variety suitable for cultivation in southern China, especially in coastal areas with frequent typhoons. However, there are high requirements for soil, fertilizer and water conditions in cultivation, so attention should be paid to loosening soil and proper irrigation and drainage.

In addition, Guangdong Alba, Dongguan CMB, Zhongshan Yajiao, Taiwan Province Beijiao, Yunnan Hekou CMB, Guangxi Longzhou CMB and other varieties are all medium-dry fragrant Yajiao.

10. Gaozhou Dwarf Banana Gaozhou Dwarf Banana belongs to the short dry banana with fragrant teeth and is one of the local varieties in Gaozhou City. The pseudostem of the plant is short and stout, and its height is 150 ~ 170 cm. Wide leaves, short petioles and dense leaf sheaths; The fruit ditch is short, the comb spacing is dense, the fruit index is more, the fruit shape is slightly smaller, the fruit finger length is 16 ~ 20 cm, and the fruit quality is better. Under general cultivation conditions, the yield per plant is 13 ~ 18 kg. Up to 28 kg; Strong wind resistance, strong cold resistance, quick recovery after frostbite, and better tolerance to thin and barren soil. It is suitable for dwarf and close planting, but it has low yield, small fruit shape and weak resistance to bunchy top disease.

165438+ false stem height 160 ~ 180 cm, oblong leaves, oval leaf base, flat apex and short and thick petiole. The flesh is pale yellow and white. The meat is tender, sweet and fragrant, with good quality; The yield per plant is generally 10 ~ 15 kg, which has strong wind resistance. This variety has excellent quality and is suitable for close planting and planting in coastal areas. It is one of the best varieties transported to the north and exported, but it has poor cold resistance, weak disease resistance and easy degradation, so attention should be paid to it when cultivating.

12. Guangxi dwarf banana Guangxi dwarf banana is a kind of short, dry and fragrant banana, also known as Pubei dwarf banana, Baishishui banana and Gu Ping banana. , is the main banana variety in Guangxi. According to Liu Rongguang, the plant height 150 ~ 175cm, perimeter 46 ~ 55cm, leaf length 140 ~ 16 1cm, leaf width 65 ~ 78cm and leaf width 275 ~. The ear length is 50 ~ 56 cm, the comb length is 9 ~ 12, the fruit index is 135 ~ 183, the fruit index is 16.2 ~ 19.2 cm, and the quality is good. The yield per plant is generally 1 1 ~ 20kg, with strong wind and disease resistance but small fruit index.

In addition, Nalong banana in Guangxi, Honghe dwarf banana in Yunnan and Mexican banana imported from Mexico are all shorter than banana.

13. Plantago Plantago is a type of plantain, which is one of the local varieties in Xinhui, Guangdong. According to many reports, the false stem of plantain is 350 ~ 400 cm high and the stem circumference is 85 ~ 99 cm. The size is consistent from top to bottom, with more fruit combs and more fruit fingers, and the fruit fingers are11~13.5 cm; Soluble solids 24% ~ 25%, the quality is the same as other plantains; The yield per plant is generally 15 ~ 27 kg, which has good wind resistance but long growth period.

In addition, the banana of Shunde Zhongba in Shunde, Guangdong, the banana of Jiao Jiao in Guangxi, the banana of Chai in Fujian, Banjiao in Sichuan and the pepper in Yunnan all belong to the post-banana type.

14. Saigon bananas belong to the type of powder bananas, also known as powder bananas, rice bananas, glutinous rice bananas and egg bananas. About 1932 was introduced from Vietnam, which is the main variety in Nanning and Longzhou, Guangxi, and has been introduced in all producing areas. The pseudostem of the plant is 400 ~ 500 cm high, the petiole is 70 cm long, and the leaves are light-colored with red stripes. The back of leaves is densely covered with wax powder; The number of spent grains is as high as 14 ~ 18, and the fruit index is high. The fruit is shaped like a banana, with a big head, full tips at both ends, finger length of11~13.5cm, thin skin, grayish green, light yellow when ripe and easy to turn black. The pulp is milky white, tender and smooth, with a sweet taste, and the soluble solid content is 24%, the highest is 28%, and the aroma is slightly light; Under normal conditions, the yield per plant is 15 ~ 20kg, and it has strong adaptability to wind, cold and drought. This variety has medium yield, excellent quality and strong stress resistance, but its skin is thin and easy to crack, it is not resistant to storage and transportation, and it is easy to be infected with Panama wilt.

In addition, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences introduced banana varieties from Bangladesh in 1982.

15. Musa Musa belongs to the type of longan, also known as longan or banana, and is the main cultivated variety in Fujian Province. Plant pseudostems are 340 ~ 400 cm high, yellow-green, with a few brown spots; The leaves are long and narrow, and the petiole groove is deep; The fruit shape is short and slightly curved. The finger is 13.0 ~ 16.5 cm long, full, with sharp ends and thin skin. After maturity, the skin is bright yellow and beautiful without spots. The pulp is milky white, the pulp tissue is solid, the meat is smooth and sweet, and the soluble solid content is 23% ~ 26%. The yield per plant is generally 15 ~ 20kg, with cold tolerance. The yield of this variety is average, but the quality is good, the adaptability is strong, the wind resistance is weak, and it is susceptible to Panama wilt.

In addition, 1984 was introduced from Jinghong, Yunnan, to Bangladesh, Yunnan, the fruit research institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which also belongs to the type of longan and banana.

Nutritional analysis

Bananas contain almost all vitamins and minerals. The calorie of a banana with a net weight of about100g is only about 87 kcal, which is about half or less than that of a white meal (150g-220kcal).

Bananas contain a lot of potassium (a medium-sized banana contains 45 1mg of potassium) and magnesium. Potassium can prevent hypertension and muscle spasm, while magnesium can eliminate fatigue. Banana is also a natural acid-making agent. Because bananas are very easy to digest and absorb, children and the elderly can eat with peace of mind and supplement balanced nutrition.