General situation of planting
Lotus root is suitable for growing in hot and rainy season. It is planted in the south of the Yangtze River from March to early April and in Beijing in early May. Lotus field chooses slightly acidic or nearly neutral clayey soil with deep soil and rich organic matter. Lotus seeds should choose the mother lotus root or fully mature lotus root with the characteristics of this variety, full lotus, complete neck buds, large lotus body, small lotus nodes, strong fertility in the later stage and bright color. The method of sowing should be digging, selecting and planting, or planting after germination. Lotus field generally maintains shallow water of 5-6cm in the early stage to promote germination and leaf lifting, and the water depth in the middle stage is15-16 cm; Later, shallow water was put in to facilitate the lotus root. During the growth process, oxygen in the air combines with iron in the soil to produce reddish-brown rust spots of iron trioxide, which are attached to the epidermis of lotus root. When the lotus leaves wither, the respiration of lotus roots slows down, and the rust spots gradually decrease due to the decrease. Therefore, it is easy to wash off rust spots by picking leaves before harvesting. The hilum, petiole and underground stem are connected by aeration tissue, and the petiole cannot be broken, so as to avoid plant rot caused by water inflow.
cultivated variety
Cultivated varieties of lotus root can be divided into three categories: lotus root, lotus seed and Hualien. Among them, Hualien belongs to aquatic flowers, and lotus and purple lotus belong to aquatic vegetables. Lotus can be divided into shallow water lotus and deep water lotus according to the depth of cultivation water level.
1, shallow water lotus (gull)
Suitable for low-lying land, ordinary paddy fields or paddy fields with water depth of 10~30cm, the deepest part is less than 80cm, and most of them are early-maturing varieties. For example, Suzhou Hualien, Slow Lotus (Late Lotus), Wuzhi No.2, Erlian 1, Erlian No.3, Hubei June Newspaper, Yangou 1, Kexuan 1, Dazihong, Yu Lian, Jiayu, Hangzhou Bailian, Nanjing Hualien, Sparrow Lotus and Jiangxi Hualien.
2. Deep water lotus root (pond lotus root)
Generally, the water level is required to be 30~60cm, and the deepest water level should not exceed1m. It can tolerate 1.3~ 1.7m deep water in summer, and is suitable for pond, river bend and lake culture. Generally, it is a mid-late maturing variety. For example, Jiangsu Baoying Renmeihong, Little Dark Red, Erlian No.2, Silian No.4, Hunan Paozi, Wuhan Damao Festival, Guangzhou Silian and Simiao.
Tiantuan management
China was cultivated as early as 3,000 years ago, and now carbonized ancient lotus seeds are found in Liaoning, Zhejiang and other places, which shows its long history.
Water management: Lotus root is an aquatic plant, and it cannot be separated from water during the whole growth period. Summer is the peak of lotus (Lotus) growth, and the demand for water is also the greatest. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the lack of water in the pool all summer, and spray a new high-fat film on the leaves, so that the branches and leaves are lush and the accumulation and directional transportation of photosynthetic products are enhanced.
Fertilizer management: Lotus root likes fertilizer and needs more fertilizer, but excessive fertilization will burn seedlings. Therefore, it is necessary to apply thin fertilizer frequently and spray new high-fat film, which greatly improves the utilization rate of effective components of fertilizer, is not afraid of sun evaporation, and can adjust water absorption.
Pest control: aphids, Spodoptera litura, thorn moths, etc. Damage to upright leaves and buds. Spraying targeted drugs on the surface of plants and adding new high-fat film can improve the efficacy, effectively prevent leaf virus infection and make the branches and leaves lush. Water maggots suck the juice of lotus roots, stems and leaves and can be killed with lime.
Growth period: the quality of lotus root is very demanding. Spraying Diguozhuangdiling can thicken the nutrient conveying pipeline of Diguozhuang, improve the vitality of Diguozhuang, and make lotus root fat and crisp, tender in meat, rich and sweet in water, high in quality and yield, and fragrant in taste.