In the suburbs of the city, industrial and mining areas and convenient transportation and sales markets, the use of plastic film cover planting potatoes, not only can make the potato early maturity in the morning market, increase the benefits, but also increase production, improve the rate of large potatoes, generally can increase production by 20% to 70%, the rate of large potatoes to improve 25% or so. Potato film planting, more trouble, suitable for land less labor, planting area is not too large place to implement.
(1) Selection of land preparation film planting Ma Insignia potato, its selection of land requirements are: flat terrain, gentle slopes within 5 ° ~ 10 °; deep soil layer, up to 50 cm or more; loose soil, preferably loamy or light sandy loam, fertilizer and water retention performance; a water source, and drainage and irrigation is convenient; fertility in the middle of more than the plot. Do not choose steep slopes, gravelly land, sandy areas, barren land and floodplains.
Jan film planting potatoes, land preparation requirements are more stringent, should be in the deep turning 20 ~ 25 cm and the depth of the same basis, fine fine harrowing, so that the soil to reach the deep, loose, flat, net requirements, specifically should be done to achieve flat no moisture ditch, soil broken no bumpy, clean no stones, no stubble, no debris, moisture is good. If necessary, you can first irrigate to increase moisture, and then rectify the ground.
(2) fertilization pesticides Covered planting of potatoes, fertilizer in the growing period is too much trouble, so it must be a full bottom fertilizer before covering the film. Fertilizer to farmyard manure-based, per 667 square meters (1 acres) to apply more than 4000 kg of farmyard manure. Then according to the requirements of formula fertilization, with chemical fertilizer to supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. According to the current farmers' fertilization level, per mu to apply people diammonium phosphate 15-20 kg, urea 8-lO kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 20 kg, zinc silicate 1.5-2 kg, or apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium 15% of the three elements of the compound fertilizer 30-40 kg, or potato special fertilizer 50 kg. To control underground pests, apply 1.5-2 kg of furadan per mu.
There are two methods of fertilization: one is to make the bed before the farmyard manure, fertilizer and pesticides evenly spread on the ground surface, and then rake into the soil, so that the fertilizer, medicine and soil are fully mixed, and the other is to make the bed, the farmyard manure and pesticides scattered in the seeding ditch, fertilizer sprinkled into fertilizer ditch, and then covered with soil when making the bed.
(3) make beds After making the ground, make beds, beds bottom width 80 centimeters, on the width of 70-75 centimeters, bed height 10-15 centimeters, the distance between the two beds 40 centimeters. A bed plus a ditch for a band, a band 1.2 meters wide. Specific operation using "five plows and a harrow" bed method, that is, the first plow from the edge of the ground 40 cm from the first furrow, furrow depth of 15 cm or so, from the center of the first furrow 40 cm from the opening of the second furrow. Prior to spreading fertilizer, that is, the farmyard fertilizer and insecticides into the bottom of the furrow, so that the depth of the furrow to maintain at about 12 cm. If you sow seeds first and then mulch them, sow the bud blocks into the furrow first, with a spacing of 22-25 cm. Then, open the third plow at 35 cm on the other side of the first furrow, and similarly open the fourth plow on the other side of the second furrow, and well make these two plows seal the soil toward the first and second furrows. Finally, between the first and second plough (sowing furrow), open a shallow plough (6 cm deep) for the fifth furrow, exclusively as a fertilizer furrow, the fertilizer is applied into the furrow in sufficient quantity to form a bed blank. Afterwards, use the harrow to find fine, the first, second, fifth ditch cover flat, embracing good bed, good bed shoulder, make the bed flat, fine, net, slightly away from the center, was flat ridge shape. The bed shoulder should be flat, the height should be consistent, in order to spray herbicides and cover the film. The first furrow of the next bed is 80 cm from the center of the second furrow of the previous bed, and the second furrow is still 40 cm from the first furrow. And so on, forming a 1.2-meter-wide band of mulched beds. After the seedlings grow out, it becomes a large row spacing of 80 centimeters, small row spacing of 40 centimeters in the form of a large and small ridge.
(4) Spraying herbicides After the bed is done, it is necessary to immediately spray the herbicides that kill the young shoots of weeds. Tested, the herbicide that kills weeds with good effect, there are ethofumesate, fluridone, dur and so on. The general dosage is: per 667 square meters (1 mu) with 90% concentration of ethalfluralin solution 100 ~ 130 ml, 50% concentration of the solution with 130 ~ 200 ml, fluridone 48% of the solution with 100 ~ 150 ml; Dur 72% of the solution with 120 ~ 130 ml. The above dosages are applied to 30 to 40 liters of water, respectively, and sprayed on the beds and bed furrows. If only sprayed on the bed, not sprayed bed ditch, the amount of medicine can be reduced by l / 4.
(5) paving film sowing The plastic film should be paved with 90 ~ 100 cm wide, thickness of 0.005 ~ 0.008 mm of super thin film, per 667 square meters (1 acres) with film 4 ~ 5 kg. Film should be pulled tight, close to the ground, bed and bedside film should be buried in the soil about 10 centimeters, and buried with the soil pressure, stamped with the foot. Cover the film to master the "strict, tight, flat, wide" essentials, that is, the side to pressure tight, the film should be covered tightly, the film surface to be flat, see the light surface to be wide. In order to prevent the film from being uncovered by the wind, every few meters in the bed, do a small ridge. First cover the film after sowing, you can lay the film a few days after the bed temperature rises after the start of sowing. Sowing in the film bed according to the center line on both sides of the line of 20 cm (i.e., small rows of 40 cm), with a small planting shovel or special perforation tool to break the film dug holes, holes are not too large, hole spacing 24 ~ 26 cm, depth of 8 cm, depth to be consistent. Sowed buds
Blocks or small whole potatoes, to be covered tightly with wet soil, and patted, sealed membrane holes, so that the holes are not exposed to the wind.
Consolidation of the above, cover film planting potato coherent operating procedures there are two kinds:
The first is: deep turning a harrow importance of the ground → ditching → fertilizer, pesticides → sowing → sealing ditch according to the flat bed → spray herbicides → laying the film pressure tight.
The second type is: deep turning → harrowing the land of importance → open furrow → applying fertilizer, insecticide → sealing furrow to level the bed → spraying herbicide → spreading the film tightly → breaking the film and digging a pit → sowing seeds → wet soil sealing the film holes tightly.
The above two procedures have their own advantages and disadvantages. The first can increase the depth of sowing, and explore the same shallow, although the later can not cultivate the soil, but because of the sowing of deep surface is still conducive to the formation and growth of potatoes. The disadvantage is that the seedling emergence is a little slow. The second because of the film after the ground temperature rises quickly, seedlings faster than the first, such as in case of drought can also sit in the water sowing, but not easy to reach the standard depth, and also inconsistent.
(6) field management One is the introduction of seedlings. Lead seedling is a key link in field management, whether it is first sown after mulching, or first mulching after sowing, it is necessary to lead the seedling. There are two kinds of practices.
One is the pressure soil seedling, that is, the potato buds in the soil to grow to 5 ~ 6 cm, from the bed ditch to take the soil, covered in the sowing ditch 5 ~ 6 cm thick, patting the formation of the soil stalks along the ridge, relying on the top of the potato seedling break the film out of the seedling. This can reduce the lack of seedlings caused by the membrane surface burning seedlings. The second is to break the film to attract seedlings. When the seedlings arch soil, timely use of small shovel or sharp tool, in the place of the seedlings, the film cut a "T" shaped mouth, the seedling out of the film after the lead, with wet soil sealed film holes. The first film after sowing, sowing sealed soil is easy to form a hard cover, such as not breaking open the soil shell, the seedling is not easy to top out, so to break the soil to lead the seedling. If the seedlings are not aligned with the membrane hole, in the seedlings out of the ground must also break the film to attract seedlings.
The second is to check the mulch. During the growing process, the mulch film should be checked frequently. If the film is uncovered by the wind, was grinding out cracks or trampled by livestock, etc., it is necessary to timely use the soil pressure.
Third, spraying. In the late stage of growth, as with traditional planting, it is necessary to timely administer medicine to prevent and control late blight.
Fourth, late soil. In the expansion of the potato, if the seed is shallow, tuber Xia broke the soil exposed in the film, will cause green head, affecting the quality. In this regard, the soil can be taken from the bed ditch deep excavation in the root, pat tight, to prevent the sun from shooting people, so that the tubers to eliminate the phenomenon of green head.
(7) Note child matters First, master the seeding period. Mulching planting is faster than traditional planting, generally about 7 days earlier. So the seeding time to try to make the seedlings to catch up after the late frost. In the north should pay particular attention to can not be sown too early.
Secondly, when film planting, seed potato is best to be sprouted or field seed, so that the seed potato buds sprouting before sowing. This is more conducive to the role of the film, so that the yield increase is a little bigger.
Third, the film planted seed potato buds should be large, to reach 40 to 50 grams per piece for the best. Also available small whole potato sowing, which can make the single plant growth vigorous, better play the yield potential.
2. Food processing raw material potato planting
In recent years, China's introduction of foreign potato fried food, very popular with consumers. Among them, McDonald's fast food in the French fried potato fries, fried potato pancakes and various brands of fried potato chips leisure food, etc., sales are very good. At the same time there are many foreign manufacturers to enter China, sole proprietorship or joint venture to set up to deep-fried French fries or fried potato chips as the main products of food processing companies. French fries, fried potato chips on the raw material potatoes have some special requirements, such as french fries, the requirements of raw material potatoes for the long shape of a large head, bud eye shallow, white meat, containing high dry matter, containing reducing sugar is low. In the United States and Canada and other countries, the main use of Burbank and Charlotte and other potato varieties. The raw material of potato chips, it is required for round, medium size, shallow bud eyes, white or candied yellow meat, high dry matter, low reducing sugar. Foreign countries mainly use the Atlantic, Snowdon and Cheap potato varieties.
China, although a large area of potato cultivation, and the yield is very high, but few of its own varieties to meet the requirements of French fries, fried potato chips. Therefore, most of the current use of varieties introduced from abroad.
Growing good seeds must have good laws. Special-purpose varieties, must use special production techniques to achieve the purpose of planting.
(1) french fries varieties of Charlotte's planting technical points Charlotte is the most suitable for french fries with potato varieties introduced in recent years. After multi-point trial planting, it is not very suitable for two-season crop area planting. Its planting techniques are as follows:
① strict land selection, fine ground preparation: the variety of preferred drainage, good ventilation of sandy loam, to choose a deep soil, medium or more fertility of the plot planting, avoid flooded land. To explore more than 25 centimeters, timely harrowing pressure, so that it reaches the soil warmth, fine and soft, leveling requirements.
② Increase the amount of fertilizer, adequate nutrition: the variety of fertilizer, the soil has enough nutrients to meet its growth requirements. Generally per 667 square meters (1 acre) apply more than 3500 kg of farmyard manure. Avoid using human urine and garbage fertilizer. Fertilizer should be applied according to the formula. Its reference quantity is: per 667 square meters (1 mu) apply urea lO kg, diammonium phosphate 20 kg, potassium chloride or potassium sulfate 25 kg, zinc sulfate 4 kg; or 60 kg of special potato fertilizer per mu. At the same time, apply the insecticide furosemide 2 kg per mu.
③ big buds deep seed, appropriate density: only with a larger nutrient area and space, in order to meet its growth needs, so that it is a single plant growth, high yield, a single tuber large. Therefore, the number of plants should not be too dense. To ridge (row) distance 70 cm, tree (plant) distance 26 cm, or ridge distance 80 cm, tree distance 22 cm, or ridge distance 90 centimeters
m, tree distance 20 cm is better. The theoretical number of plants per mu is 3600-3700. The weight of the seed tuber should not be less than 50 grams (1 tael), so that one tuber can grow two effective stems. Sowing depth is lO to 12 centimeters.
④ sub-soil cultivation, early cultivation of thick cultivation: summer Poti sitting potato early, tubers for long, and tilt upward growth, easy to expose the ground outside the cause of green head. Therefore, the early cultivation of soil and sub-cultivation of soil, can be less injury to roots and stolons. The first cultivation, in 80% of the seedlings on the soil 4 ~ 5 cm. The second cultivation, in the seedling height of about 20 centimeters on the soil 5 to 6 centimeters. Two times a **** can cultivate soil lO cm, so that the underground stem from the bud block to the base of the above-ground stem has a thickness of about 20 centimeters, on the long potato good potato is very favorable.
⑤ dosing and watering, disease prevention and drought prevention: summer Poti susceptible to late blight. Generally in northern areas in July when there is a lot of rain, late blight is a pandemic. Therefore, in mid-July, we have to take medicine early to prevent. Every 7 to l0 days to play 1 time, 3 to 4 times, can greatly reduce its damage. Specific medication details see the relevant part of the pest control.
Charpotti also has high water requirements. In case of drought, it not only affects the yield, but also affects the increase in the proportion of large potatoes and the accumulation of dry matter. Therefore, when the soil moisture content in the seedling period is less than 16%, the soil moisture content in the beginning of the flowering period is less than 17%, and the soil moisture content in the full flowering period is less than 18%, it is necessary to irrigate in time to ensure its normal growth.
(2) potato varieties of potato chips with planting technology points Potato varieties of potato chips with planting technology, basically the same as potato varieties of french fries, only the following two points need special attention:
① planting density: potato chips raw material potatoes, do not be too big, as long as the medium head can be under. In addition, the fried chip varieties of potato seedlings are not too tall, concentrated potatoes, suitable for dense planting. Therefore, planting density should be increased appropriately. Ridge distance 60 cm, tree distance 20 cm, or ridge distance 70 cm, tree distance 18 cm, planting density for each 667 square meters (1 mu) 5200 ~ 5500 trees.
② variety selection: at present the main choice of foreign varieties of Atlantic, Snowdon, Nochep and so on. Domestic varieties of spring potatoes 3, spring potatoes 5 and Eugene and other varieties of potatoes, can also be used to fry chips.
3. Detoxification of potato cycle cut bud propagation technology
Some farmers introduced the market is very popular potato new varieties of the original seed or first-class species, would like to propagate as soon as possible, as soon as possible for the production of benefits. However, the potato reproduction times are too low, generally only l0 times, and to buy a large number of original seeds or a seed investment is too large. The solution to this contradiction is the application of cyclic sprouting technology. In this way, the potato reproduction times can be increased to 60 ~ 70 times.
(1) sun seed sprouting 60 days before the end of the late frost began, the same method. The young sprouts on the seed potatoes to the sun from yellow-green to purple-green that can be.
(2) construction of beds in the seed potato germination at the same time, choose the wind to the sun, easy to manage the construction of the field beds, according to each 75 kg of seed potato, build 5 meters long, 1.3 meters wide, 0.7 meters deep nursery beds 1. Also build the same size of false planting cold bed 1, depth of 0.3 meters. Seedling beds under the bed of 20-30 cm thick raw horse manure or sheep manure, irrigation to make the water content of 60%, the upper part of the sifted fine soil and then lay 10 cm thick well leveling. Cold beds do not put horse manure.
(3) seedling 40 days before the end of the late frost began, after the germination of seed potatoes, according to the size of the potatoes, the top of the upward one by one layer in the nursery beds on the bed. After the arrangement, fill the seed potatoes with water until no water seeps through. Then, on top of the seed potatoes covered with a layer of 5 to 6 cm thick sandy soil, in the border on the arch-shaped plastic film shed, and pressure
good sealing, so that the 7 cm depth of the border to maintain the ground temperature at 17 ~ 18'C. Be careful not to make the temperature too high. At night, to use grass curtains to cover the heat preservation. After about 20 days, the seed potato can emerge.
(4) cut buds and pseudo-planting 4 to 5 days after the emergence of seedlings, bud height of 4 cm or so, take out the mother potato, in the bud with a section of adventitious roots, with a fast knife to cut the buds down, it pseudo-planting in the cold bed of nutrient soil. Then put the mother potato back to the original place, and immediately water, see on the trellis, let it continue to grow. When the height of the seedling reaches about 4 centimeters again, then cut a second time. This can be cut 3 to 5 times in a row. The buds cut at the end of the late frost can be planted directly into the field.
(5) transplanting and planting After the end of the late frost, the seedlings can be planted to the field. The planting field should have isolation conditions, i.e., there is no undetoxed potato within 200 meters around. In addition, there should be watering conditions, and the ground should be fine-tuned. When planting, watering should be done with the planting, and the slope should be watered the next day to seal the slope. The planting density is: 2500 plants per 667 square meters (1 mu) for the first crop, 3300 plants per mu for the second crop, and 4500 plants per mu for the third crop. Finally, the mother potato can be cut into buds and planted in the ground, about 5000 plants per mu.
(6) Seedling field management Seedling transplanted, in 1 month growth is very slow. Therefore, it is necessary to timely watering, fertilizer and mid-plowing to promote its growth. The present bud period should cultivate the soil. Seedlings should pay attention to the prevention and control of underground pests, aphids began to be controlled in July, and the well should pay attention to the de-hybridization, de-inferiority and de-disease. Also timely harvesting, single storage and seed retention.
4. Horse Insignia potato planting
Because the potato has a short tree, early maturity, like cold, cool, underground growth and it is the root system and other characteristics, thus becoming a wider range of inter-planting, set planting crops. It can be paired with high crops, complementary light; can also be paired with late-maturing crops, staggered sowing period, reduce *** birth period; can also be paired with above ground fruiting crops, different from it to compete for nutrient area and space and so on.
China's farmers in production practice to use this law, to create a variety of potato and other crops between, sets of forms, in the full use of land, increase the area of replanting, improve yield and production value, improve economic efficiency, played a great role.
(1) potato lees between sets of forms
① 2 than 2 between sets of seeds: many local practical experience shows that the potato and corn to 2: 2 between sets of seeds is the most reasonable, but also the most successful.
In the northern region, most of the practice is the potato, corn at the same time in late April sowing. Belong to the interplanting. Potato selection of early-maturing varieties. In the early stage, corn and potato growth height is about the same, receiving light does not affect each other． Later corn grows high, and potatoes are in need of temperature difference in growth conditions. When the potato harvest, but also for the corn to provide a good ventilation and light space. Generally, it is 1.8 meters wide. The distance between two rows of maize is 50 centimeters, the distance between two rows of potatoes is 60 centimeters, and the distance between potatoes and maize is 35 centimeters. The spacing of corn is 24 cm and 3,000 plants are planted per mu, and the spacing of potato is 22 cm and 3,370 plants are planted per 667 square meters (1 mu).
In the Central Plains and eastern coastal areas, use two rows of potatoes and two rows of corn set, that is, 2:2 set, 1.6 meters wide band. Two rows of potatoes 60 cm apart, two rows of corn 40 cm apart, 30 cm between potatoes and corn. early March sowing after sprouting potatoes, choose Fei Uri it, early white, Dongnong 303 and other varieties, plant spacing of 25 cm, each mu seed 3330 trees. When sowing potatoes, the second ridge and the third ridge spacing 1 m, to give the corn to leave the ridge. early April sowing corn, choose Zhongdan 2, Danyu 13 and other varieties, the spacing is also 25 cm, the number of trees per unit area is the same as the potatoes.
② large band spacing between seeds; potato-based large band spacing between seeds, in the northern part of the application of more than one season. Potato 4 ridges, corn 2 ridges. Row ratio is 4:2, a total width of 3 meters. Potato, corn all row spacing are 50 cm, 4 rows of potato accounted for 2 meters, 2 rows of corn accounted for l meter. Potato plant spacing 24 cm, per 667 square meters (1 mu) planted 3700 trees; corn plant spacing 20 cm, per mu planted 2200 trees. Potatoes and corn sown at the same time.
③ fall sowing potatoes and winter wheat, spring corn set seeding: in the central plains and southwest mountainous areas, useful fall sowing potatoes and winter wheat, spring corn set seeding practice. The actual article, winter wheat for 4 ~ 5 rows, potatoes for 2 rows, 2 meters wide band, two rows of potatoes between the distance of 55 cm, potatoes and wheat ridge spacing 35 cm, wheat ridge spacing 25 cm. In order to reduce the contradiction between potatoes and wheat water, potato rows should be made into high ridges (beds), wheat planted in the lower side. The seed potato should be selected with early maturity varieties, plant spacing 20 cm, per 667 square meters (1 mu) 3 300 trees. Potato sowing in early August, winter wheat sowing in early October. After the potato harvest winter idle, to be the next year when the wheat blossom and then in the original potato ridge 揖 2 rows of corn.
(2) potato and cotton planting form of potato and cotton planting in the Yellow River and Huaihe River area is developing very quickly, because this kind of planting method not only to ensure the cotton planting area, but also increase the income of farmers. Farmers are very welcome to this form of planting, they praised the potato and cotton interplanting "cotton quite a lot of income, potatoes have earned".
① a ridge of cotton and two ridges of potato planting: that is, potato cotton 2: 1 between sets of seeds, 1.2 meters along. Potatoes choose early varieties Fei Uri it, early white, etc., in early March germination sowing. Two rows of potato spacing 50 centimeters, and cotton ridge spacing 35 centimeters, so that the potato to form row spacing 50 centimeters and 70 centimeters of the two specifications. Its spacing is 22 cm, each 667 square meters (1 mu) planted 5000 plants. Cotton take seedling transplanting approach, in early April seedlings, transplanting and planting in early May, planted in the middle of the potato mounds, so that the cotton row spacing of 1.2 meters. Its spacing is about 30 centimeters, 1800 plants per mu. after harvesting potatoes in mid to late June, the growth space and nutrient area of cotton increased, very favorable to growth. In addition, it can also be planted according to the specifications of the bandwidth of 1.3 meters between the potato and cotton, the specific planting specifications.
② two ridges of cotton and two ridges of potato between sets of seeds: that is, potato cotton 2:2 between sets of seeds. Potato spacing between the two ridges of 60 cm, and the distance between the cotton ridges of 40 cm, cotton between the two ridges of 40 cm, forming a 1.8-meter-wide band. Potato and cotton plant spacing are 20 cm, every 667 square meters (1 mu) are planted 3700 trees. Generally sowing potatoes should be sown about 30 days earlier than sowing cotton, and then sow cotton after the potatoes are fully seeded. Row spacing can be adjusted according to potato and cotton varieties.
There is also a practice of 1.6 meters wide for a band, also according to 2:2 between sets of seeds. Potato big buds in early March after sowing, first sown into a large, small two kinds of ridge spacing, small ridge spacing for 50 cm, large ridge spacing for 110 cm (you can also cover the film), the spacing of 17 cm or so, 4800 plants per acre. mid-April sowing of cotton, sown in the potato spacing between ridges, 30 cm from the potato ridge, the two rows of cotton between the ridge spacing of 50 cm, plant spacing 24 to 30 cm, per acre of 2700 to 3400 plants. 2700-3400 plants per mu.
(3) the two high sets of planting forms This refers to the potato and sweet potato sets of planting. Although they are underground growth harvest crops, but their growth characteristics are not the same. Potato like cold, cold and fear of heat, the need for early sowing and early harvest; and sweet potato like temperature, heat and fear of freezing, the need for late planting. Potato plant upright, sweet potato plant creeping creeping, each other basically no shade problem. So in the long growing season, you can make full use of the early spring land idle time, the implementation of two high intercropping, in order to create higher yields and benefits.
After many years of practice around the selection, potato and sweet potato rows of inter-planting ratio, to 1 : l or 2 : 1 is good.
① potato and sweet potato by 1: 1 interplanting: first sown potatoes, row spacing of 74 cm, spacing 20 cm, per 667 square meters (1 acres) planted 4500 plants. When the potato cultivation soil, the sweet potato planted between the potato rows, so that all the rows between the distance of 37 centimeters. The sweet potato plants are 33 centimeters apart, and 2700 plants are planted per mu.
② potatoes and sweet potatoes according to 2: l between sets of seeds: in the preparation of the ground, first according to the 1.4-meter row spacing, into a 40-centimeter-wide, 15-centimeter-high ridge (or called raised beds), ready to plant sweet potatoes with. Between the two sweet potato ridges, sowing potato two ridges, each from the center of the sweet potato ridges 40 cm, two potato ridges spacing 60 cm. The plant spacing is 20 cm, every 667 square meters (1 mu) planted 4700 trees. After the potato soil, according to the temperature situation to decide to plant sweet potato time, planting spacing of 20 cm, planting 1600 trees per mu.
(4) potato and vegetable inter-set planting form in the vegetable planting is mainly in the place, many farmers make use of the early maturity of Ma Insignia potato like the characteristics of low temperature, and like the low temperature of the vegetable inter-set planting to make full use of the land force and the frost-free period. They have created a variety of inter-set replanting forms, planting three harvests a year, four harvests or even five harvests and other modes, and the yields and benefits are very considerable. Such as potatoes and long growing period of climbing melons between sets of seeds, and long growing period of the stem upright eggplant vegetables between sets of seeds, and cold and fast-growing leafy vegetables between sets of seeds, and cold-resistant long growing period of other vegetables between sets of seeds and so on.
5. Potato dibble field planting
In the labor sufficient, less land, potato planting area is not too large place, often take the dibble field planting way, some places called the pit planting. This method due to digging planting dibble, dug local soil loose, moisture storage, sowing more probing, cultivation soil thicker; fertilizer concentration, nutritional surface; space is reasonable, improve the small environment, and thus very conducive to the growth of the aboveground and below ground potato. At the same time, because of the small whole potato sowing, thus not only can resist early seedling preservation, and its apical dominance can make the seedling long strong, luxuriant plant, each dibble can grow 3 to 4 stems, each dibble combination, forming a productive group. The yield of single wall can reach l～1.5 kg. At the same time, large potato bunches are high and good commercialization. Specific planting methods are:
(1) deep tilling, dragging weed to preserve moisture Autumn timely deep tilling, the depth should be more than 25 cm, and to drag the importance of preserving moisture.
(2) grasp the actual, appropriate density According to the situation of the land and the selection of varieties of fertility, maturity, and so on, to reasonably determine the planting density, the principle of mastery is: "Strong late hot seed sparse seed, thin early maturity seed dense seed". When digging dibbles, neighboring dibbles should be inserted into the empty staggered, the formation of the pot support legs, in order to facilitate light penetration, easy to take the soil. General row spacing of about 60 cm, dibble spacing 50 to 55 cm, per 667 square meters (1 mu) dibble 2000 to 2200 dibble.
(3) Selection of seeds to promote sprouting, healthy potatoes in the ground After determining the varieties, according to the specifications of the small seed potatoes to select the block, the weight of each block is 50 ~ lOO grams (1 ~ 2 two), and should be in line with the characteristics of this variety. Then, according to the method of germination, eliminate the diseased blocks, so that the seed potatoes sown are all healthy potatoes. In this way, the seedling rate can be guaranteed, and the plant growth can be robust.
(4) digging dibble fertilizer, fine sowing According to the predetermined row spacing and dibble spacing dibble, dibble depth of 25 ~ 28 cm, diameter of 30 cm. After dibbling, put the prepared farmyard manure and chemical fertilizer into the bottom, and mix evenly with the soil. Sprouted small seed potatoes sown into the dibble, sowing depth of 10 cm, covered with 15 cm, so that the surface into a small mound of soil, and gently patted with a shovel.
(5) strengthen the management, sub soil seedling height of about 10 centimeters, combined with weed control, shallow cultivation 1 time. The thickness of the soil is about 3 centimeters. Seedling height of 20 cm or so buds, the second cultivation, the thickness of 7 ~ l0 cm, so that the buds from the stem base of 25 cm or so, cultivation of soil heap to be wide and large. Flowering period can be sprayed with potassium phosphate and pesticides to control late blight and insect pests.