1. Bosnia and Herzegovina is an independent country in the Balkan Peninsula in Europe.

2. Located in the center of the former Yugoslavia, it borders Serbia to the east, Montenegro to the southeast, and Croatia to the west and north. The total land area is 51,129 square kilometers, and the capital is Sarajevo. The Principality of Bosnia was established at the end of the 12th century and was conquered by the Ottoman Empire after the 15th century. In the 19th century it became a dependency of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was merged into the Kingdom of Serbia in 1918 (renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929), became a member of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia in 1945, and declared independence in 1992.

3. The terrain of Bosnia and Herzegovina is mainly mountainous, with an average altitude of 693 meters. Most of the Dinaric Mountains (also called the "Dinaric Alps") run through the entire territory from northwest to southeast, with the highest The peak is Muggeridge Mountain, with an altitude of 2386 meters. There are many rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, mainly the Neretva River, the Bosna River, the Drina River, the Una River and the Varbas River.