What is the significance of marketing planning? This is an important part of the business plan. It refers to studying the industry potential and marketing situation and analyzing the existing problems faced by enterprises. Below I sorted out the significance of marketing planning. Welcome to reading.

What does marketing planning mean? 1 Marketing planning is an important part of business plan. Usually on an annual basis, we focus on the decisions related to marketing mix variables (products, prices, distribution and promotion), and consider how to implement specific contents and steps. Regardless of the type and scale of the enterprise created, every entrepreneur needs to make a marketing plan, and it needs to be done every year.

abstract

Marketing plan refers to determining and controlling financial objectives and marketing objectives, marketing strategy, marketing action plan and estimated profit and loss statement on the basis of studying the industry potential and marketing situation and analyzing the main opportunities and threats, advantages and disadvantages faced by enterprises. The marketing plan is part of the business plan.

Universal template

Generic marketing plan template

A title

This is the cover of PPT. There should be words or sentences that represent the theme, and then subtitles of the actual content, such as "Braving the wind and waves to irrigate DONEWS-2002 DONEWS Irrigation Plan".

Introduction 2

This chapter expounds the outline of the plan.

Three guiding ideology

Explain what ideas and data bases the plan is based on.

4. Notes to this article

Explain all the quotations or contents that need special explanation in advance (especially if the person reading the report has no professional knowledge).

Five-center thought

Establish the core content of this plan.

Six competitiveness analysis

1 Environment Elaborate and analyze the environmental conditions of the target market;

2 opponents elaborate on competitors' situation, the more data, the better, and it is best to classify features;

The consumer market expounds and analyzes the situation of the target market and the characteristics of customers;

4 Analysis of the competitiveness of your own company (here, we should pay attention to grasping, find out whether leaders like to listen to the truth or lies, and then grasp the depth and words);

Conclusion summary and analysis.

Seven positioning

Position the market according to the analysis conclusion.

Eight strategic orientations

According to the market positioning, the basic strategy positioning including market, product, price, channel and publicity is carried out respectively.

Nine strategies

1 marketing strategy;

2 product strategy;

3. Channel strategy;

4 price strategy;

5 service strategy;

6. Cooperation strategy;

Ten strategies implementation

Formulate the implementation plan, budget and total budget of the corresponding strategic projects respectively.

Eleven implementation targets

According to the company's formulation.

Twelve sentences

According to the company situation, list immeasurable factors and so on.

Shisanduan

Classic example

What does the marketing plan mean? Two concepts

Marketing plan refers to the determination and control of financial objectives and marketing objectives, marketing strategy, marketing action plan and estimated income statement on the basis of studying the current industry potential, marketing situation, SWOT analysis of enterprises and problems faced by enterprises.

Marketing plan refers to determining and controlling financial objectives and marketing objectives, marketing strategy, marketing action plan and estimated profit statement on the basis of studying the current industry potential and marketing situation and analyzing the main opportunities and threats, advantages and disadvantages faced by enterprises. The marketing plan is part of the business plan.

case analysis

A Case Study of Brand Positioning and Marketing Strategy

Interpretation of case brand name

Herbal tea is a kind of "medicinal tea" made of Chinese herbal medicine in Guangdong and Guangxi, which has the function of clearing away heat and promoting diuresis. Among many old herbal teas, Wang Laoji is the most famous. Wang Lao Ji herbal tea was invented in the Qing Dynasty, and it has been 175 years. Is recognized as the ancestor of herbal tea, known as the "king of medicinal tea." In modern times, Wang Laoji herbal tea has spread all over the world with the footprints of China people.

In the early 1950s, due to political reasons, Wang Laoji Herbal Tea Store was divided into two branches: one completed the public transformation and developed into today's Wang Laoji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., producing Wang Laoji Herbal Tea Granules (National Medicine Zhunzi); The other was brought to Hong Kong by descendants of the Wangs. In Chinese mainland, Wang Laoji's brand is owned by Wang Laoji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; In other countries and regions, the trademark of Wang Laoji is registered by Wang's descendants. Jiaduobao is a Hong Kong-owned company located in Dongguan. Authorized by Wang Lao Ji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., the formula is provided by the Queen of Hong Kong. The company exclusively produces and operates Wang Lao Ji brand canned herbal tea (food name) in Chinese mainland.

Marketing strategic positioning

At the end of 2002, Jiaduobao found Mei Cheng Marketing Consulting Company (hereinafter referred to as "Mei Cheng"). The original intention was to shoot an advertising film for Wang Laoji with the theme of sponsoring the Olympic Games. In order to promote sales, the slogan was "Sports Health". After a preliminary study, Mei Cheng found that the sales problem of Wang Laoji in Red Pot can't be solved simply by advertising (this problem is particularly typical in enterprises in China at present: once the sales volume is blocked, the most common measure is to cut a hole in the advertising film, or change it beyond recognition, or quickly create a new advertisement with "great creativity"). Brand positioning is the primary solution to the sales problem of Wang Laoji.

Although Red Wang Can Laojiao has been sold for 7 years, its brand has never been systematically and rigorously positioned. Enterprises can't answer what Wang Can Laoji is, let alone consumers, and they don't know why they want to buy it. This is due to the lack of brand positioning of red Wang Can Laojiao. If this fundamental problem is not solved, it is useless to shoot any "creative" advertisements. As david ogilvy, an advertising guru, said: The effect of an advertising campaign depends more on your product positioning than how you write an advertisement (creativity). After a round of in-depth communication, Jiaduobao finally accepted the suggestion, decided to suspend the production of advertising films, and entrusted Mei Cheng to brand Red Wang Can Laoji first.

According to the conventional practice, the establishment of brands is based on the needs of consumers, so everyone's conclusions and practices are often similar, so just meeting the needs of consumers does not make Wang Laoji different. Brand positioning is formulated to meet the needs of consumers, and put forward different opinions from competitors by understanding their cognition.

Because consumers' cognition is almost unchangeable, brand positioning can only conform to consumers' cognition but not conflict with it. If people have a clear view of Wang Laoji in Red Pot, it is best not to try to offend or challenge him. Just as consumers think that Maotai can't be a good "beer". Therefore, the brand positioning of Red Pot Wang Laoji cannot conflict with the existing cognition of consumers in Guangdong and southern Zhejiang, so as to stabilize the existing sales and create opportunities for the survival and expansion of enterprises.

In order to understand consumers' cognition, researchers in Mei Cheng studied the information spread by Wang Laoji and competitors on the one hand, and conducted a large number of interviews with Jiaduobao, dealers and retailers on the other. After completing the above work, they hired a market research company to investigate the existing users of Wang Laoji. On this basis, the researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis and made clear the position of Wang Laoji in the eyes of consumers-that is, which market segment he participated in. In the survey, it is found that Guangdong consumers drink red cans of Wang Laoji mainly in barbecue, mountain climbing and other occasions. The reason is nothing more than "eating barbecue is easy to get angry, drink a can first to prevent it" and "it may get angry, but there is no need to eat Niuhuang Jiedu tablets at this time".

In southern Zhejiang, drinking occasions are mainly "eating out, gathering and family". In the process of understanding the local food culture, the researchers found that consumers in this area are more worried about getting angry than those in Guangdong. For example, the plum and Coca-Cola at the consumer seminar table are all described as dangerous goods that will get angry, and no one cares. (Subsequent research later confirmed this point, and found that coke sales in Wenzhou and other places have always been sluggish. Finally, coke almost gave up the market and generally did not advertise. ) and their evaluation of the red pot Wang Laoji is "it won't get angry", "healthy, children and the elderly can drink it, and it won't cause fire." These ideas may have no scientific basis, but they are the thoughts of consumers in southern Zhejiang and the "only fact" that needs attention in the research.

The cognition and purchase behavior of these consumers show that consumers have no "treatment" requirements for Wang Laoji in red cans, but buy them as functional drinks. The real motive of buying a red can of Wang Laoji is to "prevent getting angry", for example, hoping to reduce the occurrence of getting angry when tasting barbecue. After getting angry, you may take drugs, such as Niuhuang Jiedu tablets and traditional herbal tea for treatment.

Further research on consumers' views on competitors shows that the direct competitors of Wang Laoji, such as chrysanthemum tea and refreshing tea, only penetrate the market at low prices because of the lack of brand promotion, and do not occupy the position of "drinks to prevent getting angry". Coke, tea drinks, juice drinks, water, etc. Obviously, it does not have the function of "preventing getting angry", but only indirect competition.

At the same time, the establishment of any brand positioning must be the most capable brand, that is, there is evidence to follow. For example, Coca-Cola says "authentic Coke" because it is the inventor of Coca-Cola. The researchers studied consumers' perceptions of the enterprise and the product itself. The results show that Wang Laoji's identity as the "ancestor of herbal tea", the mysterious Chinese herbal medicine formula and the history of 175 years are obviously capable of occupying the position of "preventing a cup from getting angry".

Because "preventing getting angry" is the real motivation for consumers to buy red cans of Wang Laoji, which is naturally conducive to consolidating and strengthening the original market. Whether it can meet the expectations of enterprises for the new orientation of "entering the national market" has become the focus of the next study. The second-hand data research and expert interviews show that China's concept of "clearing away heat and removing fire" for thousands of years has been widely popularized throughout the country, and the concept of "getting angry" has also been deeply rooted in people's hearts in various places, which makes Wang Laoji, a red can, break through the geographical limitation of herbal tea concept. The researcher believes: "With the transfer of this propaganda concept, as long as there is a place for China people, the red pot Wang Laoji can survive."

At this point, the research on brand positioning is basically completed. After more than a month's research, Mei Cheng submitted a brand positioning research report to Jiaduobao. First, it is clear that Wang Laoji, a red can, is competing in the "beverage" industry, and his competitors should be other beverages. Its brand positioning-"a cup of drink to prevent getting angry" has its unique value-drinking a can of red Wang Laoji can prevent getting angry and let consumers enjoy life carefree: eating fried, spicy, barbecue and watching football all night. ...

Positioning Wang Laoji in this way is based on the overall consideration of the realistic pattern and has four main advantages:

First, it is conducive to Wang Laoji going out of Guangdong and southern Zhejiang.

Because "getting angry" is a common concept of traditional Chinese medicine in China, it is no longer confined to Guangdong and Guangxi like "herbal tea", which completely removes the obstacle for Wang Laoji to go to the whole country.

Second, avoid direct competition between Wang Laoji and domestic and foreign beverage giants and form a unique division of labor.

Thirdly, the disadvantages of the red pot Wang Laoji products have been successfully transformed into advantages.

The faint taste of traditional Chinese medicine has been successfully transformed into a powerful support for "preventing excessive internal heat"; The retail price in 3.5 yuan is no longer "unattainable" because of the function of "preventing getting angry"; The brand name and long history of "Wang Lao Ji" have become a powerful support to prevent the "authenticity" of getting angry.

Fourth, it is conducive to the cooperation between Jiaduobao enterprises and domestic Wang Laoji Pharmaceutical.

It is precisely because Jiaduobao's red can Wang Laoji is positioned as a functional drink, which is different from the "medicine" of Wang Laoji Pharmaceutical, so it can better promote the cooperation between the two companies to create the "Wang Laoji" brand. The two companies jointly funded a TV series "Lingnan Medicine Man" about the founder of Wang Laoji herbal tea practicing medicine.

In the submitted report, Mei Cheng also pointed out that because diet is an important reason for consumers to get angry in their cognition, especially "spicy" and "fried" diets, it is suggested that on the basis of maintaining the original sales channels, efforts should be made to open up catering channels and create a flagship store image in many restaurants. The focus is on Hunan restaurant, Sichuan restaurant, hot pot restaurant, barbecue field and so on. With rich experience in the beverage market and keen market intuition, Chen Hongdao, chairman of Jiaduobao, made a decision on the spot, accepted all the suggestions in the report, and decided to immediately promote Wang Laoji in an all-round way according to the brand positioning.

"Creating new categories" is always the first choice for brand positioning. If a brand can position itself as a different choice from a strong competitor, its advertisement only needs to convey new category information, and the effect is often amazing. As the first drink to prevent getting angry, the red pot Wang Laoji was introduced to the market, which made people know and accept this new drink. Wang Laoji, the last red can, will be the representative of drinks to prevent getting angry. With the growth of categories, the natural benefits are the greatest.

The establishment of the brand positioning of Red Pot Wang Laoji has clarified the direction of marketing promotion and established the advertising standard. All communication activities have evaluation standards, and all marketing efforts will follow this standard, thus ensuring that every promotion will accumulate brand value (positioning) while promoting sales.

At this time, you can start advertising creativity and shoot commercials.

Marketing target locking

Before 2002, on the surface, Wang Laoji in Red Pot (hereinafter referred to as "Wang Laoji in Red Pot") was a very good brand, with stable sales, good profitability and relatively fixed consumer groups in Guangdong and southern Zhejiang. The sales performance of red can Wang Laoji beverage has remained above 654.38 billion yuan for several consecutive years. After developing to this scale, the management of Jiaduobao found that a series of problems must be overcome to make the enterprise bigger and go to the whole country, and even some of its original advantages have become obstacles to the continuous growth of the enterprise. Among all the troubles, should the red pot Wang Laoji be sold as a "herbal tea" or a "drink"? It is the core practical problem that enterprises have to face.

The first practical problem is that consumers in Guangdong and southern Zhejiang are confused about Wang Laoji.

On the one hand, in Guangdong, traditional herbal tea (such as granules, home cooking, herbal tea shop cooking, etc. ) Because of its remarkable fire-reducing effect, it is generally taken as a "medicine" by consumers, and it is unnecessary and impossible to drink it often. The brand of "Wang Lao Ji" with a history of over a hundred years is synonymous with herbal tea. It can be said that when I talk about herbal tea, I think of Wang Laoji. When I talk about Wang Laoji, I think of herbal tea. Therefore, Wang Laoji, a red can, is tired of the brand name and cannot be accepted by Cantonese as a drink that can be drunk frequently, so the sales volume is greatly limited.

On the other hand, the formula of Wang Laoji, a red jar produced by Jiaduobao, originated from Wang descendants in Hong Kong and is a food brand product approved by the state. Its smell, color and packaging are very different from the traditional herbal tea in Guangdong consumers' concept, and its taste is sweet. According to the traditional concept of "good medicine tastes bitter" in China, consumers naturally feel that its "fire-reducing" medicine is insufficient. When there is a demand for "reducing fire", it is better to go to a herbal tea shop to buy it, or therefore, it is not a good choice for consumers among the most "effective" herbal teas.

In Guangdong, the red pot Wang Laoji owns the brand of Wang Laoji, the ancestor of herbal tea, but he looks like a drink, which makes consumers feel "both like herbal tea and like a drink" and falls into cognitive confusion.

In another major sales area of Jiaduobao, south Zhejiang, mainly Wenzhou, Taizhou and Lishui, consumers compare "Red Pot Wang Laoji" with drinks such as Master Kong tea and Wang Zi milk, and there are no taboos that should not be drunk for a long time. In addition, there are many local Chinese abroad. Under their guidance, the red pot Wang Laoji quickly became a local best-selling product. Enterprises are worried that Wang Laoji red cans may become a fashion that comes and goes in a hurry. Just like coconut juice, which was a smash hit in southern Zhejiang, it was quickly replaced by new fashion products and disappeared in the streets overnight.

In the face of consumers' confused cognition, enterprises urgently need to provide a strong guidance through advertising, clarify the core value of the red pot Wang Laoji, and distinguish it from competitors.

The second manifestation of the real problem: Wang Laoji, a red pot, can't go out of Guangdong and can't go out of southern Zhejiang.

Outside Guangdong and Guangxi, people don't have the concept of herbal tea, and even the views of "herbal tea is cold and cooked" and "we don't drink herbal tea, we make hot tea" frequently appear in the survey. The concept of educational herbal tea is obviously expensive. Moreover, the demand of mainland consumers for "reducing fire" has been filled, and most of them are solved by taking drugs such as Niuhuang Jiedu tablets. It is difficult to make herbal tea, and it is also dangerous to make drinks. From the perspective of the whole beverage industry, carbonated drinks represented by Coca-Cola and Pepsi-Cola, tea drinks and juice drinks represented by Master Kong and Uni-President are in an unshakable market leading position. Moreover, Wang Laoji's red jar is made of honeysuckle, licorice, chrysanthemum and other medicinal materials, which has a faint taste of traditional Chinese medicine. For the beverage with the highest taste, there is indeed no small obstacle. In addition, the retail price of 3.5 yuan's Wang Laoji red cans, if Jiaduobao can't distinguish Wang Laoji from its competitors, will never get out of the shadow of the "big country" in the beverage industry. This makes the red pot Wang Laoji face an extremely embarrassing situation: he can neither stick to the two places nor promote it nationwide.

The third problem in reality is the vague concept of popularization.

If we use the concept of "herbal tea" to promote it, Jiaduobao is worried that the sales volume will be limited, but as a "beverage" promotion, it has not found a suitable division. Therefore, we have to be ambiguous in advertisements. Many people have seen such an advertisement: a very cute little boy got a can of Wang Lao Ji in order to open the refrigerator and kept rubbing his ass against the refrigerator door. The slogan is "Healthy family, always accompany". Obviously, this advertisement can't reflect the unique value of the red pot Wang Laoji.

A few years ago, consumers didn't know why they bought the red can Wang Laoji, and enterprises didn't know how to sell it. In such a state, Wang Laoji, a red pot, actually spent a few years calmly. The external reason for this phenomenon is that the China market is still immature and there are many market gaps. The internal reason is that the product itself is irreplaceable, which can just fill this position. In China, such a group of small and medium-sized enterprises are allowed to make big money in a muddle. But after it develops to a certain scale, if an enterprise wants to grow bigger, it must find out why consumers buy my products.

Marketing action plan

It is clear what position the brand should occupy in the minds of consumers. The next important task is to promote the brand, let it really enter people's hearts, and let everyone know the positioning of the brand, thus permanently and powerfully influencing consumers' purchase decisions.

Then, Mei Cheng determined the promotion theme of "Fear of getting angry, drink Wang Laoji" for Wang Laoji in red jar, and tried to highlight the essence of Wang Laoji in red jar as a drink in communication. In the first stage of the advertisement, Wang Laoji in red pot appeared as a relaxed, happy and healthy image, avoiding the negative appeal of the right medicine, thus distinguishing Wang Laoji in red pot from "traditional herbal tea".

In order to better arouse consumers' needs, TV advertisements choose five scenes that consumers think are most likely to get angry in daily life: eating hot pot, watching football all night, eating fried food and chips, barbecuing, and taking a bath in the summer sun. In the picture, people enjoy the above activities while drinking the red jar of Wang Laoji. Combined with fashionable and dynamic advertising songs, we repeatedly sang "Don't be afraid of anything, enjoy life to the fullest, and drink Wang Laoji if you are afraid of getting angry", prompting consumers to naturally think of Wang Laoji in red cans when eating hot pot and barbecue, thus promoting purchase.

What does the marketing plan mean? What is the new marketing plan?

It is based on a geometric multiplication theory, plus a word-of-mouth relationship, plus a direct delivery. What is geometric multiplication theory? It is called market multiplication in business and several times in mathematics. Generally speaking, chickens lay eggs, eggs hatch chickens, chickens regenerate eggs, and eggs hatch chickens again. Let me give you an example to make you see more clearly and understand better. In a village, there was a very smart and beautiful girl named Xiao Fang, and her neighbor had a very handsome and introverted young man named Xiaoming. They had a history of love for five years, but because Xiao Ming was introverted, they dared not propose to Xiao Fang. That day, Xiao Ming drank a few more glasses of wine at his friend's bar. As the saying goes, "wine dares a hero." Xiaoming rode his pedal 125 to Xiao Fang's house, just when Xiao Fang's parents were not at home, Xiaoming boldly proposed marriage to Xiaofang. Clever Xiao Fang thought about it. We had a love history of five years. When both parties reached the legal age of marriage, they readily agreed to Xiao Ming, but clever Xiao Fang added that there is a bad custom in our village, that is, your husband's family should give a certain bride price to the woman's family, Xiao Ming thought. My father earned me more than 65438+, enough for us to get married. The clever little party added, I'm not as heartless as other girls. I want to take 65438+ 10,000 from your house. I just need to get a month's salary from your home. Next, let's take a look at how smart Xiao Fang is and want to get a month's salary from Xiao Ming's family.

She said, "You gave me 1 point on the first day, 2 points on the second day and 4 points on the third day ..." From these data, we can easily see that the money on the second day was twice that of the previous day, so it lasted until 30 days. Because Xiao Ming had a few more drinks at that time, didn't it look like a matter of dividing money? That doesn't mean I picked a wife for nothing. As the saying goes, "People are cheerful when they are happy." Xiaoming went back to share the good news with his father. But as the saying goes, "ginger is still old and spicy, and wine is still mellow." Xiao Ming's wife told Xiao Ming that no matter how much money the Xiao Fang family wants from our family, we have to use paper and pencil to calculate it. This is not unknown, but it is a shock. It's easy to give Xiao Fang 5.36 million a day at the age of 30, because it's a month! Plus the previous 29 days, plus 28 days, 27 days. In this way, until the first day, Xiao Fang's family will be paid as much as100000 in cash. Obviously, did Xiao Ming marry this 6.5438+million small party, and was he intimidated by this 6.5438+million bride price? As the saying goes, "people are poor and ambitious." Xiaoming came to Guangzhou, an international metropolis, with 654.38 million yuan earned by his father. As the saying goes, "If you don't come to Beijing, you don't know your official position. If you don't come to Shanghai, you won't know what intrigue is. If you don't come to Guangzhou, an international metropolis, you don't know how much money you have in your pocket. " Xiaoming arrived in Guangzhou, an international metropolis, with a net worth of over 65,438+10,000. He couldn't afford to do any big business, so he started a self-made promotion industry, saying that a company had 625 products waiting for Xiaoming to sell. According to the traditional way of talking, it takes 3 minutes each time, once * *, 3 1 hour, because Xiao Ming had already eaten in Xiaofang at that time. He calls five customers first, each customer needs 3 minutes, one * * * is 15 minutes, and then each of these five customers notifies him five at the same time, that is, 25 customers, each customer needs 3 minutes, and one * * * is 15 minutes, and then each of these 25 customers notifies him five at the same time, that is to say, That is, 625 people, each needs 3 minutes, and a * * * is 15 minutes, which means that 625 products only need 15 minutes to promote. At this time, some friends will say, friend! Why does it always take 15 minutes? I'm not afraid to tell you here that they are doing it at the same time, and there is no time difference. It can be seen that geometric multiplication has the following advantages in business.

Benefit 1, multiplication time, what is multiplication time? It takes Xiaoming 3 1 hour, 15 minutes to sell 625 products. Now it is greatly reduced to four 15 minutes, which is one hour.

Benefit two, double benefit, what is double benefit? It takes Xiaoming 3 1 hour, 15 minutes to sell 625 products. Now it is greatly reduced to four 15 minutes, which is one hour. In the remaining 30 hours 15 minutes, sell more products, earn more profits and get more money.

Benefit three, more life, what is more life? It is not difficult for us to see from the unit that if the "piece" is changed to "ten thousand" and the "hour" is changed to "year", it will take 3 1 year for Xiaoming to earn this 6.25 million. Because he applied geometric multiplication, it is now greatly reduced to 1-2 years, and Xiaoming can enjoy the remaining 29-30 years of life.

What is interpersonal word of mouth? Let's talk about it separately here, interpersonal: friends and relatives who are centered on you. Word-of-mouth: speaking with Nian's mouth. Beijing roast duck, Tianjin Goubuli steamed stuffed bun and Xinjiang Hami melon are all delicious. Has anyone seen such an advertisement on TV or in the newspaper? I said no, but who has tasted it? I said very little, that is, your relatives and friends will tell you after they have tasted it, and then you will tell your relatives and friends. That's it, 1 boat 10, 10 boat 100, 100 boat 100. It can be seen that this interpersonal word-of-mouth has the following advantages in business.

Benefits: 1, fast spread, we call it fast spread for short.

Benefit 2: authenticity and reliability. What is authenticity and reliability? It is your relatives and friends who taste the sweetness of Xinjiang. When he comes back, he can't tell Nian that it is bitter. To put it bluntly, he doesn't have to lie to you.

Benefit 3, saving money, saving money here does not mean buying Xinjiang cantaloupe for you, here is the money for advertising by provincial businessmen. As we all know, advertising is very expensive, and it is calculated in seconds. I remember there was an advertisement in the golden age of 1997: "Green Qin Chi, Qin Chi forever". The simplified Chinese characters of 10 make Qin Chi Winery spend 320 million on advertising every year. We know that it is doubtful whether the small Qin Chi winery has this advertising fee of 320 million. Are you scared by this 320 million?

What is direct delivery? That is, the products produced by the factory are sent directly to consumers.

In this way, based on a geometric multiplication theory, coupled with a word-of-mouth relationship, a direct delivery, has become the most advanced and popular way to buy goods in today's society.