Xishuguo, a famous Chinese medicine.
Alias Xiguo, Qianzhang Tree, Water Chestnut, Tianzi Tree and Shuitong Tree.
English name FructusCamptothecae
From the fruit of the Davidia involucrata L. of Davidiaceae.
Large deciduous tree with gray bark and yellow milky lenticels on its branches. Leaves alternate, oval or oval, 7 ~ 28 cm long and 5 ~12 cm wide, with tapering apex, rounded or broadly wedge-shaped base, whole margin, cilia on the edge, thinning or shedding on the top, hairs along the veins on the bottom, and feather veins10 ~/kloc-0. The flowers are unisexual, forming a spherical head, the calyx is 5-toothed, the petals are 5, green, the stamens of the male flowers are 10, unequal in length, the degenerated ovary sometimes exists, the pistil ovary is inferior, 1 room, the stigma is 2-3, and the disk is obvious. Infructescence spherical, about 5 cm in diameter, achene linear or lanceolate, about 2.5 cm long, winged and bright brown. Flowering in August, fruiting in10 ~11month.
Distribution of origin: It is born at the place with humid air below 1000 meters above sea level. Distributed in southwest, central south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. There is cultivation.
Harvesting and processing in autumn, harvesting and drying after the fruits are ripe.
The medicinal materials are needle-shaped, 2 ~ 2.5 cm long and 5 ~ 7 mm wide, with a sharp tip and stigma residues, and a narrow base, showing oval pits on the disk with wings on both sides. The surface is brown to brownish black, slightly shiny, with longitudinal wrinkles, and sometimes several corners and black spots can be seen. Tough in quality, not easy to break, fibrous in section, with seeds 1 grain inside, dried and shrunk into thin strips. Slight breath and bitter taste.
The taste is cold, bitter and astringent. Enter spleen meridian, stomach meridian and liver meridian.
Efficacy and function: anti-cancer, resolving hard mass, breaking blood and removing blood stasis. It belongs to blood-breaking and blood-eliminating drugs classified under drugs for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
Clinical application for oral administration: decoct soup, with dosage of 3-9g, or grind it into powder and swallow it, or make it into injection or tablet. It is mainly used for treating various tumors, such as primary liver cancer, malignant tumors such as gastric cancer, head and neck adenogenic skin cancer, leukemia, bladder cancer, etc. It is also used to treat hepatosplenomegaly caused by schistosomiasis.
Pharmacological research on anti-tumor; Has the function of inhibiting fibroblast proliferation; Anti-pregnancy; Inhibit herpes virus. In the past, camptothecin was mostly extracted from roots. In recent years, it has been found that fruits have the best curative effect, low toxicity, the highest content of camptothecin and hydroxycamptothecin, convenient collection and no damage to plants. Therefore, at present, more fruits are purchased as raw materials for extracting and separating camptothecin and hydroxycamptothecin. At present, the extract of Camptotheca acuminata fruit is often used to make wine extract injection and water decoction tablet, and its curative effect is similar to that of pure camptothecin, but its side effects are obviously lower than that of pure camptothecin.
Chemical constituents include camptothecin, hydroxycamptothecin, deoxycamptothecin, camptothecine, betulinic acid and hiphilin. 1 1- hydroxycamptothecin, 10- methoxycamptothecin, abscisic acid, syringin and β-sitosterol were also isolated from Camptotheca acuminata fruit, among which 1 1- hydroxycamptothecin and 10- methyl. Camptotheca acuminata roots, stems, skins, leaves and fruits all contain camptothecin, which has anti-cancer effect.
Contraindications should not be taken orally in excess.
Related prescription
① Treatment of gastric cancer, rectal cancer, liver cancer and bladder cancer: grind Camptotheca acuminata fruit, once a day, 6 grams each time. ("Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment")
② Treatment of leukemia: 30g of Camptotheca acuminata fruit, 30g of Agrimony, 30g of Pyrola, 30g of Lithospermum, 30g of Lonicera japonica and 30g of Pteris multifida, and 9g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Decoct juice instead of tea. ("herbal parallel ratio")
The side effects first appeared anorexia, dehydration, weight loss, vomiting and diarrhea in different degrees. Some animals died of bloody diarrhea. The autopsy showed epithelial hyperplasia in the digestive tract, and necrotic fragments accumulated in the enlarged glandular fossa, covering epithelial necrosis and mucosal and submucosal bleeding. Dogs that survived with the maximum tolerance showed reversible anemia, decreased neutrophils and lymphocytes, and slight temporary mononucleosis during the recovery period of hemogram. When the dosage was the minimum lethal dose, the monkey's hemoglobin increased, the serum alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase increased, the cells in bone marrow decreased, and the dog developed necrotizing cholecystitis. The kidney tubules of monkeys were obviously damaged, and a few of them had local necrosis of the liver. The toxic reaction of 10- hydroxycamptothecin in dogs is similar to that of camptothecin, but it is less toxic to the kidney. Hydroxycamptothecin can induce chinese hamster ovary chromosome aberration in tumor cells.