Salix is widely distributed in Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin and Turpan Basin in Xinjiang, Hexi Corridor in Gansu, Badain Jaran Desert, Wulanbuhe Desert, Kubuqi Desert, Tengger Desert, Mu Us Sandy Land and Wulanchabu Salix.
Plateau, Hedong sandy land in Ningxia, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qaidam Basin. Abroad, it is distributed in Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Mongolia, the former Soviet Union and eastern Europe.
Edit the plant morphology of this paragraph
Shrub or small tree of the family Salicaceae, usually 2-3 meters high, with many branches and purplish red or reddish brown branches. The leaves are lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, 0.5 ~ 2 mm long, with a sharp apex and slightly inflected. Racemes are born on the branches of the current year, 2 ~ 5 cm long and 3 ~ 5 mm wide, forming a terminal large panicle with ovate-lanceolate bracts and short pedicels; Sepals 5, ovate; Petals 5, obovate, reddish or purplish red, disk 5-lobed; Stamens 5; Style 3, clavate. Capsule oblong-conical, 3-valved. The top of the seed is tufted with pilose hairs.
Edit the plant characteristics of this paragraph.
Tamarix begins to germinate and grow from mid-March to April, and blooms from late May to July, or the flowering period lasts from the end of September to the beginning of 10, and begins to bear fruit in late June and mature in early July. On an inflorescence, the fruit ripening period is inconsistent, with the lower fruit ripening first and the top ripening last, which lasts for a long time. When the fruit is ripe, the seeds will fly away, so the seeds are small and difficult to collect. Therefore, if seeds are collected, fruits should be collected as early as possible to prevent seeds from falling. The seeds are 0.4 ~ 0.5 mm long, and there are about 60,000 seeds per gram. The root system is developed, and the straight roots go deep into the soil and connect with groundwater. The deepest root can reach 10 meters. Lateral roots are distributed horizontally, very broad and thin. Root plants have strong germination ability and are resistant to sand burial. After sand burial, a large number of slender adventitious roots can germinate at the root neck, and branches also grow rapidly upward. Because of this characteristic, tall Tamarix sand piles are often formed in sandy areas, which become a unique landscape. It is also resistant to wind erosion, and the roots exposed by wind erosion can sprout many new branches. It is also extremely resistant to sand damage. It grows quickly and has a long life. Under suitable conditions, the average annual height of young adults is 50-80 cm, and it is as high as 2.5-3 m in 4-5 years, 4-5 m in 10 years and 7-8 cm in ground diameter. The service life can reach more than 100 years. Salix is drought-resistant and heat-resistant, especially to drought and high temperature in desert areas. Red willow is a light-loving shrub, which is not tolerant to shade. The soil with low humidity and slight saline-alkali soil can grow well on the saline soil with 0.5 ~ 0.7% soil salt content, but it is covered with red willows.
Layer 0 ~ 40 cm of saline soil with 2 ~ 3% salt content does not grow well. The adaptability to quicksand is poor, and it also grows poorly when planted on tall sand dunes. Tamarix ramosissima mainly grows on the edge of the lake basin and along the river in arid areas, and becomes a community-building plant on the salinized lowland and its upper sand dunes. The community coverage is 20-30% to 40-70%, and the associated plant species are also very different with the habitat conditions. In the humid salinized meadow soil and meadow saline soil with the groundwater level of 2 ~ 4m in Tarim Basin, there are some red willows, such as Halimodendron halodendron, Populus euphratica and Tamarix elongata, which remain in some areas. The common herbaceous layers are Phragmites austttralis, Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, Aeluropu littoralis, etc., and the total coverage can reach 40 kg and 70%. On the meadow saline soil in the lower reaches of Ejina River, Lycium ruthenicum, Poacynum hendersonii, Sophora alopecuroides and Achnatherum splendens are associated, with a total coverage of 40-60%. Nitraria sibirica, Suaeda sp. and Phragmites australis are associated with the heavily saline soil around the lake basin in the northern Ulan Buh Desert, with a total coverage of 30-40%.
Edit the feeding value and utilization technology of this paragraph
Tamarix is an important feed for camel industry in arid areas of China. In spring and summer, camels like to eat their tender branches, but in autumn they don't like to eat their thick and hard branches. Other livestock do not eat when they are fresh; After autumn, goats and sheep eat their fallen twigs, while horses and cattle don't eat red willows. The tender branches and leaves of Tamarix are rich in nitrogen-free extracts and ash, and the content of crude protein is moderate, but the content of crude fiber is low. Its protein quality is moderate, and the total content of 9 essential amino acids accounts for 4% of its dry matter, which is roughly similar to that contained in corn. On the whole, Tamarix can be rated as a medium forage plant. At present, in addition to feeding, Tamarix is mainly used to build farmland shelterbelts and sand-fixing forests. The red willow blooms from late May to July, and the flowering period lasts from the end of September to the beginning of 10. The honey powder is rich, which is beneficial to bee reproduction. It is an important nectar source plant.
Edit the cultivation techniques in this section.
Planting seedlings or cuttings can be used for afforestation of Salix, and planting seedlings is generally better. Seeding or cuttage is adopted to raise seedlings. Seeds require soil moisture at germination stage and seedling stage, and should be irrigated frequently. Sowing is better in spring or in summer. The "seed dropping method" is often used for sowing, and seeds are sown 10 g per square meter of water surface. If the method is proper, more than 500 seedlings can be obtained per square meter. When the seedlings are 50 ~ 80 cm high, they can leave the nursery. When cutting seedlings, select annual branches with the thickness of 1 cm, cut them into cuttings with the length of 30 ~ 40 cm, and cut them in spring. It is appropriate to choose sandy land with high groundwater level, mild or moderate salinization and other soil with irrigation conditions for afforestation. The afforestation site should keep the soil moist to improve the survival rate of seedlings.
Edit the introduction of Hongliu in this paragraph
Red willows take root, blossom and bear fruit everywhere. The roots of the red willow under the sand dunes are deeper, and the tentacles are extended very long, and the deepest and longest can reach more than 30 meters to absorb water. Red willows turn the branches buried by quicksand into roots, and then emerge from the surface of the sand layer, sticking out clumps of twigs and stubbornly opening reddish flowers. In spring, on the fiery red old branches of red willows, there are tender buds of goose yellow, and then green leaves will grow. The cold natural climate makes people on the plateau easily suffer from rheumatism. The twigs and green leaves of the red willow in spring are good medicine to treat this stubborn disease, which can make many people get rid of the pain. Therefore, Tibetan people affectionately call her "Guanyin willow" and "Bodhisattva tree". It is reported that Tamarix, also known as Tamarix, is a deciduous shrub with green leaves and red flowers, and its branches and leaves can be used for medicine. It is an afforestation tree species in desert saline-alkali land. Dayun is a red willow
Cistanche deserticola, a commonly used medicinal material, is an annual parasitic plant with yellow-brown stems and leaves, purple-brown flowers and medicinal stems. Therefore, the wild Dayun suffered from the bad luck of indiscriminate mining and digging, and the resources were exhausted. The dry goods in the market were more than 50 yuan per kilogram, so artificial planting was just the right time. Because Dayun must parasitize on the roots of red willow, artificial planting of red willow must be carried out first, so as to develop Dayun planting on a large scale, and planting Dayun has good economic and ecological benefits. Awat, which is located on the edge of the desert, dares to be the first in three harvests, and plans to plant Dayun 10000 mu, with the first batch of 2,000 mu. This move is really "developing desert economy, building green special zones, and artificial gardens of Shenmu, but smelling flowers and birds". The desert of the Gobi desert, spreading in the driving of the car, meets the sky as far as the eye can see, and the impenetrable fog there locks up the desolation of the long Gobi. The sky is blue, but the white clouds are still in the flying thoughts. Sparse camel thorn grass and the wind whisper, revealing last night's starlight. The sand and stones are quiet, waiting for the ringing of the bells on the Silk Road for a long time, falling to the head of the ancient city wall, the prosperity in the Gobi, and the vicissitudes of the city that has long been asleep. The four wolf smoke around the ancient fort, with the galloping horses in the ancient battlefield, also fell into the tunnel of history. The Gobi desert is silent, and the years that have been run over by the wheels flow into its mind, watching it all leisurely! Looking from a distance, clusters of red clouds are scattered all over the Gobi, and the feeling of life is blooming in the branches of red willows. In the loneliness like yellow sand, the purple branches of red willows gradually wake up the quiet Gobi, hoping to take root in the shallows of the Gobi and shine brightly in the depths of the desolate Gobi. On the vast Gobi desert, the red willow green with a lavender figure will bring you an elegance that has never been seen in the Gobi desert. You can't help staring back and looking for the gentleness that you haven't seen for a long time in the desolation. On the thirsty Gobi, the red willow leaves a kind smile in the face of the ruthlessness of the sandstorm and the loneliness of the night, leaving it for the desolation of the Gobi. It knows that the indifferent Gobi needs the warmth of love to melt, and how many treasures are waiting to be excavated in the huge Gobi sky. The willow silently thrives on the desert beach of Gobi. Its roots are planted in the depths of the earth, absorbing the layers of bitterness in the Gobi saline-alkali, dissolving the elements that hate life in the Gobi soil, welcoming green seeds, and brewing in the spring of next year. Oasis will rise in Gobi, lakes and villages in a mirage can be moved from the horizon, and Gobi melons and fruits are everywhere, and the road to silk is shaded by trees, leaving no moans of lonely travelers. The long national road carries the dream of the ancient Gobi, which is slowly displayed, laughing all the way over the Gobi, and white clouds pass overhead. Maybe you are wandering in the desert Gobi of the soul at the moment. You should know that there is also a plant, the red willow, which is covered with a warm sunshine and can be rooted in the depths of your heart, absorb your anguish, attract canal water from the oasis and moisten your dying heart. Hongliu has no stalwart body, graceful charm and sweet fruit, but it has the most persistent roots, closely depends on Gobi, can withstand the lonely wind and cold, wait for the deserted desert, withstand the challenge of the night, hold up the sun of the years, and change the Gobi desert-like heart into a rich land, adding green hope! And the red willow, always growing in the desert of Gobi, has no trees and grass. It competes with the wind and sand during the day and keeps company with the stars at night.