According to public information, the word "abacus calculation" first appeared in the Notes on Numerology written by Xu Yue in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Among them, there is a cloud: "The abacus controls the four seasons, and the latitude and longitude are three talents." Carve the board into three parts, the upper and lower parts are used to block the beads, and the middle part is used to locate them. Each person has five beads, and the upper bead and the lower four beads are distinguished by color, which is later called "file". There are five beads on the top and one on the bottom.
Today's explanation is that the abacus is rectangular, with a thin rod embedded in the wooden frame and abacus beads strung on it. The abacus beads can move up and down along the thin rod, and the arithmetic operation can be completed by moving the abacus beads by hand.
Extended data:
The word abacus does not refer specifically to China's abacus. Judging from the existing literature, many ancient civilizations had their own calculation tools similar to abacus. All kinds of abacus can be roughly divided into three categories: sand table type, calculation board type and bead-piercing abacus type.
1, a sand table is a table with fine sand on it. People write, draw and calculate on it with wooden sticks.
2. Later, instead of laying sand, several parallel lines were carved on the board, and pebbles (called "operators") were placed on it for counting and calculation. This is the calculation board. /kloc-A marble slab with a length of more than 1 m was found in Salamis, Greece in the middle of the 0/9th century. It is an ancient Greek slab and is now in the Athens Museum. Computing board has always been an important computing tool in medieval Europe, but its form is quite different. The lines are straight and horizontal, the operators are round and flat, and sometimes they are conical (similar to checkers) with numbers on them.
3. Thread-through abacus refers to China abacus, Japanese abacus and Russian abacus. Japanese abacus is called "ten exposed disks", which is different from China abacus in that the longitudinal section of abacus beads is not oblate but rhombic, with smaller size and more gears. The Russian abacus has a plurality of arc-shaped wooden strips horizontally embedded in a wooden frame, each of which passes through 10 counting beads. Among all kinds of ancient abacus in the world, China's abacus is the most advanced abacus tool.
Baidu encyclopedia-abacus