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jujube

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Jujube, also known as jujube, dried jujube and jujube, originated in China and has been planted in China for more than 8,000 years. It has been listed as one of the "five fruits" (chestnut, peach, plum, apricot and jujube) since ancient times. Jujube is rich in protein, fat, sugar, carotene, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin P, calcium, phosphorus, iron and adenosine cyclophosphate. Among them, the content of vitamin C ranks among the best in fruits, and it has the reputation of vitamin king, which has the effect of enriching blood and nourishing face.

Chinese name: jujube

Latin scientific name: jujube

Nicknames: jujube, dried jujube, jujube.

Field: the field of plants

Phylum: Angiosperm phylum

Category: Dicotyledonous plants

Subclass: primitive perianth subclass

Objective: To study rhamnolide.

Family: Rhamnaceae.

Family: Ziziphaceae

Genus: Ziziphus jujuba

Type: Jujube

Distribution: China, most parts of China.

Main planting areas: Shanxi and Shaanxi

Other planting areas: Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Gansu

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brief introduction

Jujube, also known as jujube, dried jujube and jujube, originated in China and has been planted in China for more than 8,000 years.

morphological character

jujube

Jujube ) is a deciduous shrub or small tree, and its height can reach 10 meter. The branches are smooth and hairless, with paired needles, straight or hooked, and the young branches are slender and tufted, quite like pinnately compound leaves. Twist into a zigzag shape. Simple leaves alternate; Oval to ovate-lanceolate, rarely ovoid, 2 ~ 6 cm long, short and blunt at the top, skewed at the base, with fine serrations at the edge, with main veins emanating from the base and obvious lateral veins. Flowers are small, short cymes, axillary clusters, yellow-green; Calyx is divided, the upper part is petal-shaped, the lower part is tubular and green; Petals; Stamens, opposite petals; The locule, style protruding from the center of the disk, cracked at the top, drupe oval to oblong, 1.5 ~ 5 cm long, crimson when mature, sweet flesh, and pointed at both ends of the stone. The flowering period is May-June, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October.

Growth habit

Positive tree species in warm temperate zone. I like sunshine, and the climate is so dry. Cold-tolerance, heat-tolerance and drought-resistance are not strict with the soil. Plain, sandy land, valleys and mountains can grow except marshland and heavy alkaline soil, and the pH adaptation range is between 5.5 and 8.5, with fertile slightly alkaline or neutral sandy loam growing best. Developed root system and strong tillering ability. Smoke resistance. Not resistant to water mist.

geographical distribution

Small trees growing in temperate regions are mainly distributed in China, Korean Peninsula, Lebanese, Iranian, Pakistani, Indian and Bangladeshi, and all over China. Because of its economic value, it was transplanted to Japan, southern Europe and North America in various periods.

Produced in most parts of China, mainly in Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, Guizhou and other places.

taxology

Famous dates; Latin name Ziziphus Ziziphus jujuba. Plant kingdom; Angiosperm phylum; Dicotyledonous plants; Rhamnoidea; Rhamnaceae; Jujube; Jujube.

Variety classification

At present, there are more than 300 varieties of jujube, such as jujube, jujube, jujube, jujube, jujube, jujube, jujube, jujube and seedless jujube. It is better for infants to eat jujube paste and for the old and the weak to eat jujube than to eat other fruits.

Lingbao jujube

Lingbao jujube

It has extremely high nutritional and medicinal value and contains trace elements necessary for human body such as phosphorus, iron and calcium. Lingbao jujube can regulate qi and blood, moisten heart and lungs, tonify kidney and stomach, and treat cold and heat. Jujube meat contains tannins, nitrates and tartaric acid, which can be used in western medicine. Vitamin P is a specific medicine for treating hypertension. Traditional Chinese medicine is mainly used to treat hepatitis. In addition, red dates also play an important role in lowering blood lipid and cholesterol.

Ningyang jujube

High quality, mature in mid-September. The jujube varieties in Ningyang mainly include: Yuanling, Changhong, Suanling and June Fresh. The average weight of each fruit is17g, and the maximum weight can reach more than 50g. Its characteristics are: huge fruit, thin skin, purplish red, shiny, delicate meat, shredded, sweet and delicious, rich in nutrition, and resistant to storage and transportation.

Huanghetan jujube

Jujube cultivated on both sides of the Yellow River basin, commonly known as "Tanzao" and scientifically known as "Muzao", is characterized by large particles, cylindrical color, such as black jade, sweet and soft pulp, and is called "ginseng fruit". The junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi Yellow River, Linxian and Liulin in Shanxi, Qingjian County in Shaanxi and Jiaxian County in Shaanxi are all famous.

Yellow river jujube

Yellow River Beach is the hometown of jujube.

xinzheng jujube

Xinzheng jujube in Xinzheng, Henan Province, is known as "Lingbao Apple dangshan pear, and Xinzheng jujube is as sweet as honey".

Fuping jujube and Xingtang jujube

The output of jujube in Fuping and Xingtang areas of Hebei Province ranks fifth in China. It has the characteristics of large fruit (average fruit weight is 8- 10g), thin skin and thick flesh, small kernel (kernel-meat ratio 1: 18), high edible rate (98%) and high sugar content of dried jujube (about 67%).

golden silk jujube

Location: Laoling, Qingyun, Wudi, Shandong and Cangzhou, Hebei. Seedless, high in sugar content, and can be pulled when broken.

jujube

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Winter jujube

Hebei Huanghua area is the main producing area: sweet and crisp is suitable for fresh food, and it is listed in winter and spring; Shandong Zhanhua also produces high-quality winter jujube, which is a local specialty. Mature in late autumn and early winter, the fruit is crisp and sweet, but not easy to store.

Banzao

Banzao in Shanxi: Banzao is the first of the four famous dates in China. When cooked, it is dark red, and the pulp is white and green. After drying, it is a good jujube with no wrinkles, plump and elastic skin and reddish flesh.

Loulan jujube

Ruoqiang jujube in Ruoqiang area of Xinjiang (Silk Road in Loulan, Tarim) is unique in China. It is hung on a tree to dry and irrigated with glacial meltwater.

Loulan jujube

The high temperature difference is 28 degrees, so Ruoqiang jujube is big and beautiful, oval, dark red after drying, crisp and sweet when fruit is hung, and soft and sweet after drying.

Hetian Yuzao "

Hotan jujube in Hotan area of Xinjiang has high nutritional and health care value. It contains protein, fat, sugar and cellulose; Jujube is very nutritious.

Linze jujube

Produced in Gansu, the meat is dense and juicy. The soluble solid content of fresh jujube is 35-43%, the vitamin C content is generally 662.7mg/ 100g, the drying rate is 56%, and the sugar content is 72-80%.