Because of its bright color and excellent quality, it can be sold fresh in the local market, and can also be produced and processed into dry goods for export. Moreover, the raw materials for planting mushrooms can be returned to the field in situ to improve the soil layer, which is the first-class chemical fertilizer for food crops. Therefore, the comprehensive economic benefits of cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus with straw are very rich. Now, the technology of efficient cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus with straw is introduced in detail as follows:
Culture medium 1, straw 100%, wheat bran or chaff 10%, corn flour 5%, caulking gypsum 2%, phosphate fertilizer 1%, quicklime powder 2%, fertile vegetable garden soil 10%, and water content 70% ~ 0%.
Raw material solution: Before building the pile, the straw must absorb enough water. The method is to introduce purified water into a drainage pipe or reservoir. Soak the straw in the water immediately and step on the grass while soaking. Soaking time 1 ~ 2 days, water content 70% ~ 75%. The specification is: take a symbolic grass and twist it tightly. The water drops come out, but the water drops are broken. Explain that the water content is suitable, and then build a pile for fermentation. Two days before fermentation, mix other auxiliary materials evenly. Moisten with 1: 500 times triadimefon liquid medicine and cover with plastic film for 2 days. The drained straws are stacked on the pavement according to the specifications of width 1.5 ~ 2m and height 1 ~ 1.5m, regardless of the length. Add the auxiliary materials into the pile in layers, turn the key seeds in the grass once every three days, and pile them for 2 ~ 3 days before planting in the cultivation field.
Cultivation method: it is more suitable to use outdoor dry materials and build a simple plastic greenhouse for cultivation. Because of the low cost of outdoor dry material cultivation, the actual operation is simple.
Cultivation season: the fruiting temperature of Pleurotus ostreatus is 4 ~ 30℃, and most areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River can be cultivated for two seasons a year, namely, one season in September ~ 65438+February and one season in June ~ May. The cultivation period in mountainous areas and plateau areas north of the Yellow River can be appropriately advanced and the suspension period can be appropriately postponed.
Location: the outdoor cultivation place of Pleurotus ostreatus, first, it is close to the water source and the drainage pipeline is convenient; The second is to stipulate that the soil layer is rich and loose; Third, it is necessary to shelter from the wind and rain and do it at sunrise, and some of it is shaded. Pleurotus ostreatus likes to grow and develop in a semi-shaded natural environment, so don't choose a low-lying place to store water and an excessively humid place. It is more beneficial if it is planted in woodland, plantation or greenhouse vegetables with pure natural shade. If cultivated in winter fallow fields, plastic curing sheds should be built.
Site carding and disinfection and sterilization: after the cultivation site is determined, the border bed will be made into a border bed with a height of 15 ~ 20 cm and a width of 100 cm, and the excavated topsoil can be piled on one side to cover the soil. There should be a sewage ditch around. After the frame is completed, you can pour 1% tea seed cake water on the frame and spray pesticides to avoid diseases and pests such as loach. If woodlands and plantations are used as mushroom farms, it is necessary to use termites powder, mirex and other drugs to kill ants.
Auxiliary materials planting: 20 kilograms of wheat straw and 2 kilograms of vaccine are planted per square meter. Spread a layer of material and sow a layer of vaccine, and sow the vaccine in the hole of 10× 10cm, with the size of thumb and the depth of the hole of 2 ~ 3 cm. The thickness of each layer is 12CM, and the material is compacted in a stepped manner, which is convenient for covering soil. Then the surface of the material is tightly covered with layering and plastic film, and the film is covered with grass and grass to shade the light.
Management method of spawning period: the feed temperature during spawning period should be controlled at 22 ~ 28℃, and the maximum temperature should not exceed 32℃; The water content of culture medium is 70% ~ 75%, and the humidity of gas air is 85% ~ 90%. There is no need to sprinkle water on the surface of the material during the growth period of fungi. If it is necessary to spray water because the surface of the material is dry, only after the fungi grow to the material 1/2 can a small amount of water be sprayed on the surface of the material to increase the water content of the surface material, so that the fungi can quickly grow into the soil layer after being covered with soil.
Covering soil: 25 ~ 30 days after planting, the fungi in the holes have been connected, and the fungi in the material have nearly penetrated the culture material, so that the soil covers the surface of the material. The covering soil should be rich in soil layer, humus, loose and good in soil colloid. The covering thickness is 3 ~ 4cm. After covering the soil, it is necessary to gradually dehumidify the soil layer within 2 ~ 3 days to make the water content of the soil layer reach 36%. The specification is to knead the coarse-grained soil by hand, and it is advisable that the coarse-grained soil is flat and not broken or sticky. When adjusting moisture, spray lightly, frequently and eat more, so that the moisture inside and outside the soil layer is clear, and never inject water into the material to prevent water damage from retreating bacteria, resulting in limited yield and reduced harvest.
Management method of fruiting period: fungi can grow in 15 ~ 20 days after the culture medium is covered with soil. The key of this link is to moisturize and replenish water, and control temperature and ventilation. The indoor air humidity should be 90% ~ 95% during the fruiting of Pleurotus ostreatus. It is important for the good growth and development of mushrooms to keep the soil moist and the water content of the culture medium at 65%. Ventilation must be improved during the fruiting period. If plastic greenhouse cultivation is selected, the natural ventilation frequency and time should be increased. Depending on the conditions, the natural ventilation is 1 ~ 2 hours each time. Keep the gas in the field fresh, and the fruiting mushroom has short stalk, thick cover and good mushroom quality. The optimum temperature for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus is 12 ~ 25℃. When the temperature is lower than 4℃ or higher than 30℃, there is no mushroom growth. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to control high temperature and prevent ultra-low temperature in different seasons.