Abstract: Energy drink refers to a drink that can adjust the body function to some extent by changing the composition and content ratio of natural nutrients in the drink to meet the nutritional needs of some special people. The main components of energy drinks include caffeine, taurine, amino acids and protein, which can refresh people to some extent and increase people's sports performance. However, if you drink too much energy drinks, it will do harm to the human body, such as dizziness and hallucinations. Let's look at the introduction first. First, the main components of energy drinks

caffeine

Caffeine is the most commonly used psychoactive substance in the world. It is an alkaloid compound. In China, caffeine is included in the scope of psychotropic drugs controlled by the state. Today, about 80% of the global population uses caffeinated products every day, among which coffee (7 1%), soft drinks (16%) and tea (12%) are the most common. Many studies have confirmed that caffeine can improve mood, alertness, information processing speed, consciousness, attention, reaction time and sports performance. However, most of these research results are based on adults, and there are few studies on teenagers.

Caffeine is the most common ingredient in energy drinks and can be extracted from coffee trees, tea, cola nuts and cocoa beans. After ingestion, caffeine is quickly absorbed by the human body, and the plasma concentration can be increased from 30 min to 60 min after ingestion, thus stimulating the central nervous system and improving excitability. Studies have shown that moderate intake of caffeine has no adverse effects on human health, and the amount of adverse effects varies from person to person, depending on weight and sensitivity to caffeine. Moderate intake of caffeine (400 mg per day) by healthy adults will not have a negative impact on the body, but can increase aerobic endurance and strength, improve reaction time, delay the occurrence of fatigue, and thus enhance people's physical fitness. Studies have shown that caffeine can also mobilize stored fat, stimulate exercise muscles to use fat as fuel, and delay the consumption of muscle glycogen. Other studies abroad have found that caffeine intake is related to weight loss and glucose tolerance, and can also reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, Parkinson's disease and malignant tumors. At present, the negative effects of caffeine in energy drinks are mostly adverse reactions caused by excessive intake, including insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, stomach irritation, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, tremor and anxiety.

Taurus

Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid, which is the most abundant amino acid in human cells. Taurine is metabolized by methionine and cysteine and is a normal component in human diet? . Taurine has many biological and physiological functions, including: preventing bile obstruction, resisting arrhythmia, affecting muscle contraction and heart rate changes, exerting nerve regulation of central nervous system, promoting retinal development, antioxidation and anti-inflammatory effects. At the same time, taurine can also regulate the permeability and stability of cell membrane. It is reported that taurine can improve sports performance, but there is no relevant experiment to confirm it. On the contrary, recent research shows that taurine has no effect on improving body function. Moreover, the content of taurine in ordinary energy drinks is much lower than expected.

Amino acids and protein

Taking protein quickly after exercise is helpful for muscle recovery. The recommended daily intake of protein for teenagers is (1.2-2.0)g/kg, which can be met by a balanced diet. There is no corresponding clinical trial data to support the efficacy of specific amino acid energy drinks which have great benefits in the market. Moreover, amino acids used in energy drinks can replace amino acids in diet, and there is no specific literature to prove it. Therefore, energy drinks can not replace diet as a source of daily amino acids.

Second, the negative effects of energy drinks.

The adverse reactions and toxicity of energy drinks are mainly due to the large amount of caffeine. For teenagers, the main sources of caffeine are energy drinks (20~40)mg/ 100mL, chocolate (5~20)mg/ 100mL and carbonated drinks (9~ 19)mg/ 100mL. Because most teenagers have no drug tolerance to caffeine, they are more likely to have adverse reactions. The daily intake of caffeine should not exceed 100mg for adolescents and 2.5mg/kg for children. However, the content of caffeine in common energy drinks on the market is about 2100 ml/~ 25 mg. This shows that if teenagers or children drink 2 bottles of energy drinks every day, it may pose a health threat. In addition, high-intensity exercise consumes a lot of energy drinks, and the combined effect of caffeine and taurine may lead to myocardial ischemia and induce coronary artery spasm. In addition, excessive intake of energy drinks can lead to serious neurological and cardiac toxicity, such as hallucination, epilepsy, coma, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy and even cardiac arrest. Another study found that the intake of energy drinks can strongly aggravate platelet aggregation, reduce vascular endothelial function and make endothelial function disorder. In addition, intake of energy drinks can also induce epilepsy and ischemic stroke.