China is the homeland of porcelain, and porcelain is an important creation of our working people. The creation of porcelain is the great contribution of the Chinese nation to world civilization.

the official kiln was a kind of porcelain which was specially burned for the palace by some kilns in Song Gaozong period in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was commonly known as the "official kiln" at that time. The official kiln was built in the capital of song dynasty in Daguan and Zhenghe years. The glaze color of celadon is crystal clear, cracked or ice-like, and the powder is blue and purple. The official kiln porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty follows the style of the Northern Song Dynasty, which is regular and symmetrical, magnificent, elegant and meticulous. Because of the high iron content in the tire soil, it feels heavy, and the tire soil is dark black and brown, which is later called "purple iron foot". The glaze is heavy and bright, and the glaze is as thick as fat and as warm as jade. The glaze is repeatedly scraped in multiple layers, and the glaze sinks without eye-catching. The grain layout is regular and the shape is serious and generous. Other "bones left by rotting flesh" (the exposed part looks like the bones of a dead person, commonly known as "antiques") were also made at that time. The official kilns we refer to today generally refer to the porcelains burned by the officials in the past dynasties. In fact, in history, they only refer to the porcelains burned in the Southern Song Dynasty, and there is no such title in later generations.

Strictly speaking, there are two kinds of "official kiln porcelain": 1. Imperial kiln porcelain 2. Official kiln porcelain. Because both kinds of porcelain are made and purchased by the "official", they are always called official kiln porcelain for the people. But as far as handling is concerned, there is a very big difference.

Imperial Kiln Porcelain

The so-called Imperial Kiln Porcelain refers to the porcelain specially used by the royal family. There are strict etiquette rules in the shape and decoration, and the grades are strict, which are strictly corresponding to the Car Service System. Misuse or unauthorized use is a felony.

1. Royal porcelain: For example, the "Yellow Porcelain" of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty is a special color for the royal family, which can only be used by emperors and princes. In terms of patterns, the emperor used a golden dragon with five claws, while the prince could only use four claws to walk the dragon, and it was also called a python (in the Qing Dynasty, there was only one imperial edict and two seals). One person has enjoyed the treatment of using Zhenghuang and Wulong with five claws), and all these things have been systematically spread to this day, and the first one is "Tongzhi Emperor's Wedding Porcelain";

2. Wangfu Porcelain: The porcelain is designed and specially burned for other royal family members, including the prince. The famous "Ledaotang Porcelain" among cultural relics is a model work of Wangfu porcelain.

3. Yipin Palace Porcelain: Under the whole world, is it the king's land and the land's shore? Is it the king's minister? More for the emperor to reward. In the early period, the palace porcelain genres were mostly taken from the supplementary elements on the official clothes, such as the unicorn of Wuyi Yipin and the crane of Wenyipin. It is worth mentioning that Longduo, a porcelain used in folk kilns, hides its claws in the clouds and waters, which can be said to be a mutual concession between royal etiquette and customs.

The official kiln porcelain is mainly used by a huge bureaucratic group, with relatively low requirements on the type, which is mostly limited to genres other than "ritual" such as the myth of flowers, birds, insects and fish. Sometimes the royal family will buy it as an "interest", but it is mostly used by officials and wealthy businessmen. This kind of porcelain is generally purchased by the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and there is a special pottery supervisor in Jingdezhen, which is burned all the year round. Discontinued production after the late Qing Dynasty.

There are few products handed down from ancient times in Song Dynasty, but the shape, quality and technology are similar to those in Ru kiln. Most of the utensils are antique, mainly bowls, bottles, washing and so on. The carcass is thick, the fetal bone is dark gray, purple or black, the glaze color is light blue, pink blue, moonlight white, etc., and the enamel is bright and moist in Wen Ya, especially famous for its large cracks on the glaze, which is different from the porcelain of the Southern Song Dynasty official kiln, Ru kiln and Longquan kiln. There is a nail burn mark on the bottom, which has the characteristics of "purple mouth and iron foot"