1, hypertensive diabetic elderly to eat vegetables
It is advisable to choose the food:cabbage, spinach, cabbage, celery, winter melon, bitter melon, cucumber, tomato.
Foods that can be used in moderation:rice, flour, oats, corn and other products; lotus root, yam, pumpkin, etc.; mung beans, red beans, black beans, soybeans and their products; fish and shrimp, pork, beef and mutton, poultry, eggs, milk and their products; walnuts, peanuts, pistachios, melons and so on.
2, hypertension and diabetes in the elderly is not recommended food
Brown sugar, granulated sugar, icing sugar, honey, chocolate, candied fruit, cola, Sprite, canned sugar water, ice cream, desserts, ham, sausage, salted meat and so on.
3. Principle
Balance between calorie intake and consumption. The total calorie intake per day should be formulated and scientifically calculated so that the calorie intake and consumption can be balanced.
Choose high-quality protein. First of all, protein intake should be limited, and those with elevated blood urea nitrogen need to pay more attention to it; secondly, the source of protein should be milk, lean meat, eggs, seafood and other high-quality animal protein.
Eat more fiber-rich foods. Eat more fiber foods, such as kelp, seaweed and so on. Food fiber is not digested and absorbed by the small intestine, but can bring a sense of satiety, which helps to reduce food, and can slow down the absorption of sugar and fat. Soluble food fiber grains, cereals, beans in the content of more can adsorb the intestinal cholesterol, help to reduce blood sugar and cholesterol levels.
Diabetes combined with hypertension precautions
Lowering blood pressure to meet the target
Generally speaking, the elderly blood pressure treatment target should be ≤ 140/90mmHg, young and middle-aged blood pressure ≤ 130/85mmHg, diabetic nephropathy, blood pressure should be ≤ 130/85mmHg, but when urinary protein >1g/day, the best target should be ≤ 125/75mmHg.
Control and treatment of all reversible risk factors
Strict control of blood glucose at around 6-7 mmol/L; obese people should lose weight and increase exercise; hyperlipidemic people should eat less fatty meat and animal offal, and take lipid-lowering drugs appropriately; and smokers should quit smoking strictly.
Select antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of specialists
High blood pressure in diabetes mellitus must be selected under the guidance of doctors, because most of the diabetes mellitus patients are combined with cardiac, cerebral, renal, fundus and other complications, and some are accompanied by autonomic and peripheral neurological complications, while some antihypertensive drugs will aggravate some complications, and some antihypertensive drugs at the same time have a good therapeutic effect on some of the complications. Some antihypertensive drugs aggravate certain complications, while others have a favorable effect on some complications. Therefore, patients must consult a specialist before taking antihypertensive drugs to avoid adverse events caused by improper selection of drugs.
Chinese medicine
Chinese medicine has a good effect in the treatment of diabetes and hypertension, especially in TCM, which is beneficial to patients with multiple complications. Patients can find experienced Chinese medicine comprehensive diagnosis, symptomatic treatment.
Principles of medication for hypertension with diabetes
Single-drug therapy must be appropriate
Mild diabetes with hypertension can use a single antihypertensive drug, the choice of drugs not only need to take into account the antihypertensive efficacy of the drug, but also need to pay attention to the drug's impact on blood glucose, blood lipids, and the complications of diabetes. In the six categories of antihypertensive drugs, diabetic patients should be preferred to lower blood pressure angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists.
It is advisable to choose a combination of drugs
Diabetic patients with hypertension taking a single antihypertensive drug can not be effective or the occurrence of adverse drug reactions, should be combined with one or more antihypertensive drugs in a timely manner in small doses with the use of. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists as the basis of the combination of drugs, with other antihypertensive drugs can not only obtain better efficacy, but also reduce the adverse effects of drugs. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and diuretics in small doses, the former mild potassium-preserving effect, reducing the diuretic-induced hypokalemia adverse reactions.
Long-acting agents
Most patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension should take once a day long-acting antihypertensive medication, which is not only good for patients' acceptance, but also has a longer-lasting, smoother antihypertensive effect, and is more conducive to the protection of cardiovascular, cerebral, and renal organs. For example, short-acting calcium antagonists such as nifedipine can reflexively activate the sympathetic nervous system to cause facial redness, palpitations, headache, nausea and other adverse reactions, is not suitable for diabetic patients; but its long-acting preparations, such as nifedipine sustained-release tablets, controlled-release tablets are not only effective in lowering blood pressure, but also have almost no adverse effects on metabolism, can also reduce urinary protein, protect renal function, and are suitable for diabetic patients to use for a long time.