The chieftain's Xinjiang city was located in 20 States in the Five Dynasties, including the south and north rivers in the Shen and You basins. There was no change in the early Song Dynasty. After Chunhua, Nanjiang paid tribute to the imperial court, but Beijiang (now Yongshun, Baojing, Longshan, Guwen and Huayuan) kept its original place. In the Yuan Dynasty, the most popular surname of the tribes in the southwest was the position of chieftain because of its invitation. In the Ming Dynasty, those who joined the clan were attached to the original officials, and they were reused, so the chieftain became the Xinjiang official relied on by the ruling dynasty, even the same as the vassal state. In the Ming Dynasty, the relationship between Tusi and the imperial court was very close, and the Tusi system was more complete. The relationship between the chieftain and the central dynasty is economically characterized by "paying tribute" and "giving back". Paying tribute to the central dynasty, there are records of paying tribute to "Xibu" and "Mercury" in the Tang Dynasty. After the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it expanded day by day, including tiger skin, navel, rhinoceros horn, bamboo chicken, golden pheasant, earthen silk, river cloth, mercury, yellow wax, cinnabar, precious medicinal materials, famous horses, big catching bamboo and so on. Every time I paid tribute, I got some corresponding "gifts" from the emperor.
Tusi must obey the feudal dynasty's call. The soldiers led by the chieftain were originally only responsible for defending the soil. "If nothing happens, they will plow at the end of the lotus, and if something happens, they will repair their spears to fight. The army has no need to defend from afar, and the officials have no expenses for raising troops." With the perfection of the chieftain system and the close relationship with the Shenyang dynasty, in the Ming Dynasty, the local soldiers became one of the main sources of the imperial court. Every time the imperial court fought, the local soldiers were almost without service.
Tusi has supreme authority in its jurisdiction, and is a veritable "local emperor", with its own prime minister, housekeeping, Sheba, Tuzhizhou and Tuzhong Army. Since the Song Dynasty, the smallest administrative unit under its jurisdiction is Cave. There is a fixed section between caves, which is generally bounded by hillside rivers, quite similar to today's districts and societies. Under the cave is a flag, which is an organization in which the Tusi regime unites the soldiers and the people. If something happens, it will be mobilized as an army to prepare for the battle. If nothing happens, it will be scattered for the people, and it will be cultivated and chiseled. There are 58 banners under the lawsuit of three States and six captains screened by Yongshun Company.
The chieftain's rule is hierarchical, and the power and status are determined by hierarchy, and the division between master and servant is very strict. The land is distributed according to grades, and the toast occupies fertile soil, and the people who have left can divide the land. The natives can only open a piece of land on the hillside. In housing, the toast "Spinning columns and carving beams, building bricks and tiles in scales", giving up the first person "Xu vertical beams and columns, surrounded by boards and walls", while the natives "fork wooden houses and weave bamboo as walls", all of them are not allowed to cover tiles. If there is a tile cover, it is the crime of "governing by sneaking over". As the saying goes, "Only domestic horses are allowed, and people are not allowed to cover tiles. "When the toast is on patrol, the guards are quite prosperous, and all the natives see it and bow down, otherwise they will condemn the killing. The toast calls himself a Japanese knight, while the natives call him a "lord" and a "duye". The yamen where the toast lives calls himself a "golden palace", his dormitory is called "greedy palace", his wife should have "Three palaces and Six courtyards", his burial place is called "Purple Mountain", his garden is called "Imperial Garden", and his Zongke is called "Imperial Temple". Toastmasters at all levels lead a luxurious and decadent life. Every year at the age of 20, people will go to the countryside to save their homes, "which will make folk women put on a song and dance." Toast has hot caves and cool caves, which are places to keep warm and summer. Among them, there are nymphs, gardens, Diaoyutai, etc., which are specially designed for fun.
Cruel criminal law is an important means for Tusi to exercise brutal and cruel rule over the natives. Tusi Cao has the right to fight, and his criminal laws include decapitation, castration, finger amputation, ear cutting, eye gouging, and rod punishment. If the natives are guilty, the small ones will be ruled by the governor, and the big ones will take care of themselves.
The cruel rule of the chieftain brought profound disasters to the natives, and even the feudal dynasty had to admit the hardships of their lives.