Bamboo shoot maggot is the larva of bamboo shoot weevil (called bamboo shoot). The bamboo shoot weevil eats a hole in the bamboo shoot to lay eggs, and a few days later it hatches a bamboo shoot maggot. This kind of bamboo shoot maggot chews bamboo shoots all day, and it grows from rice grain size to finger thickness in a week. When it is mature, it bites off the hidden bamboo shoots and falls to the ground with them. The villagers call it "laying eggs". After the maggots "lay eggs", they dig deep holes in the ground, dig holes, shred bamboo shoots and drag them into the holes to make cocoons, and then pupate. Children like to play in bamboo forests, and they prefer to dig bamboo maggots that lay eggs. When they saw the tail of a bamboo shoot stuck in the ground, they pulled it up and found a hole in the ground. When they let go, they found that the grass stems were moving. They knew that the bamboo maggots were not dug deep enough, so they dug with a bamboo branch. If you drill deep, it will be difficult to dig. In late summer and early autumn, the mountains are covered with small green bamboo shoots, and most villagers are catching bamboo shoots and maggots that are about to "spawn". When people see the yellow bamboo shoots at the end of the mountain, they know there is something inside. When pulling out the tail, the tail snapped off, revealing a fat and white maggot, and they shrank back in a hurry.
The villagers eat bamboo shoots and maggots, both cooked and raw. Some caught fat bamboo shoots maggots in the mountains, unscrewed their heads and put them in their mouths, saying that the more they chew, the more fragrant they are. Children like to play with bamboo shoots and nose worms. They tied it with a string and let it fly humming. When you are tired of playing, just "click" on its ass and eat it raw, which is also a way to eat. Of course, raw food tastes far less than cooked food.
At the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, there are many bamboo maggots listed in Zhuxiang. Every afternoon, there are buckets of bamboo maggots on the streets of the county. Bamboo shoot maggots are really delicious, and recently they have been found to have the effect of "aphrodisiac", which is called the "Viagra" of bamboo worms. Although the market price is as high as 40 yuan a kilogram, it is still a hot commodity, and bamboo shoots and maggots are fried in oil pan. Drop out of school? The fragrance is overflowing and the taste is far better than other insects. Zhuxiang Leting Hotel uses various cooking methods, such as fried bamboo shoots maggots, salted bamboo shoots maggots, roasted bamboo shoots maggots, soy sauce bamboo shoots maggots ... once foreign guests taste them, they will be welcomed. y！ The restaurant also uses salt and pepper weevil as a pre-meal side dish, with a hard shell and poor taste.
Nowadays, the dish of bamboo shoots and maggots has gradually spread to surrounding counties and cities. If you want to eat authentic good food, you have to come to Leshan Zhuchuan.
Bamboo worm is also called bamboo bee and bamboo maggot, and Guangning people call it "bamboo shoot maggot". It eats tender bamboo shoots to absorb nutrients, grows from rice grain size to finger size within 20 days, parasitizes in bamboo tubes, eats from bamboo tips section by section, and finally hides in roots, stops eating and prepares to break out of cocoons.
It is recognized that bamboo worms are rich in high protein and amino acids. Look at the bamboo worms. It is fat and white, about 3 cm long, spindle-shaped, round, with thin eyes and a small black mouth. Some people praise it as cute, others hate it. But bamboo worms are sweet and fragrant, as if they taste like cream.
Allium mongolicum Regel is a special food in Xinjiang. It is said that May-June is the peak season of production every year. Not only green, but also has the effect of strengthening the body. At present, Bogda Food Garden in Xinjiang is airlifted from Xinjiang every day, which is the essence of heaven and earth.
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"Bamboo maggot" is a delicious food to entertain guests. After more than two years of field observation and indoor artificial breeding, we learned about its life history and basic biological habits.
The adult of this insect occurs from July to September every year, and the peak of adult emergence is from mid-July to mid-August. Adults mate at night to lay eggs, and egg pieces are produced on the bracts or epidermis of bamboo shoots. The egg period is 12- 18 days; After hatching, the larvae climb to the tip of the bamboo shoot, gather in a small piece at a suitable place, and drill a hole alternately in the middle. This hole is called the entrance hole, and all newly hatched larvae drill into the bamboo shoot cavity from the entrance hole within 10 hour. After the larvae enter the bamboo shoot cavity, they collectively bite another hole on the bamboo shoot node or the last bamboo shoot node. This hole is called a hole, which is reserved for adults to leave bamboo in the future. Larvae go up step by step in the bamboo shoot cavity, eat bamboo membrane and bamboo inner wall at the same time, and pass through the hole when they meet the internal diaphragm. This hole is called a passage hole. If a bamboo shoot has two egg pieces, the larvae hatched from each egg piece have their own entrance holes, and the bamboo diaphragm also has its own through holes, each in its own way. Larvae eat the bamboo wall and move up with the growth of bamboo shoots, and molt four times within 40-45 days after entering the bamboo cavity to become a fifth-instar insect; About 60 days after entering the bamboo cavity, the 5th instar larva descends to the bamboo joint or one of the bamboo joints along the through hole on the transverse wall of the bamboo joint, spins silk and secretes sticky substances to form a film lining and stick to the inner wall of the bamboo cavity, and then hangs on it for wintering. The overwintering larvae did not begin to pupate in the bamboo cavity until the middle and late May of the following year. The whole larval period was about 300 days, spanning the second half and the first half of the year. At the beginning of July, the pupae began to emerge as adults, and the pupa period was about 50 days.
This insect occurs once a year in Dehong Prefecture and is preliminarily identified as a new species by relevant experts. The bamboo borer was initially proposed by us, and its scientific name needs to be named after being identified by relevant experts. The life history and biological habits of bamboo borer are reported for the first time at home and abroad.
Key words: study on biological habits of bamboo borer
The "bamboo maggot" that people eat in Dehong Prefecture is the larva of a nocturnal insect of Lepidoptera, which has not been named in academic circles and its biological characteristics have not been fully described. After more than two years of observation and research, we have found out the biological characteristics of this unknown insect, and temporarily named it bamboo shoot moth in adult Chinese. The reasons for this name are as follows: ① its larvae only eat the inner wall of tender bamboo shoots, stay in the bamboo cavity for as long as 10 months, and overwinter and pupate in the bamboo cavity; (2) emergence, mating and spawning all occur at night; ③ Adults lay eggs on the outer surface of tender bamboo shoots, and all the larvae hatched from the eggs enter the cavity of tender bamboo shoots within 10 hour. From 1999, under the leadership of the teacher, we made a detailed observation and study on the life history and biological characteristics of the bamboo moth, taking the larva "bamboo maggot" as a clue. The results are as follows.
1. Study on indoor rearing under artificial conditions
The first group of observation experiments.
Since September, 2000, we have put the 5th instar mature larva into a bamboo shoot tube and artificially raised it indoors by the following five methods, and observed the effect.
On June 7th and September 7th, 65438, 40 mature 5th instar larvae were put into bamboo shoot tubes without changing bamboo shoots. Results The larvae withered and died with the drying of young bamboo shoots, and all died at the end of June 1 1. See photos 1 and 2.
2. On September 7th, 60 5th instar larvae were put into the tender shoot tube, and the tender shoot tube was replaced every 15 days. Every time the tender bamboo shoot tube is replaced, the larvae spin silk and form a round film. Results The larvae gradually became thinner and died, and all the larvae died at the end of 12. See photos 3 and 4.
3. On June 7th 10, 50 5th instar mature larvae were put into tender bamboo shoots, and the tender bamboo shoots were inserted into water, and the tender bamboo shoots and water were changed every 15 days. From 65438+February, the larvae gradually became smaller and died one after another. From February, 200 1 year, change the tender bamboo shoots and water every 30 days. By May 26th, 20001year, only eight undead larvae had become thin and shriveled pupae, and by the end of August, none of them had emerged as adults. See photos 5, 6 and 7.
4. On September 27th, bamboo with 5-year-old mature larvae was moved indoors and cultivated in live bamboo (bamboo inserted in a bucket). By the end of June, 5438+February, the larvae were observed to survive normally. After observation, it was sealed again. The pupation began on May 18, 20065438, and the pupa was smooth and full, which was not much different from that in natural bamboo forests in the wild. On May 8, bamboo died due to the rot of bamboo roots, but the larvae living in bamboo were not affected. /kloc-May 8, 0/8, bamboo was opened for observation, and then sealed. There are 87 pupae and 2 dry larvae in the bamboo that opened on June 20th. On June 27th, the pupation rate of bamboo larvae reached 99%. Put the pupae and bamboo in the specimen box. On August 1 1 day, pupae began to emerge as adults, and on August 27th, 78 pupae emerged as adults. Among these adults, 2 1 adult has incomplete wings. Female adults with full eclosion lay white eggs in the specimen box on the 3 rd and 4 th day after eclosion, and the eggs never hatch, and the life span of both male and female adults is less than 6 days. See photos 8 and 9, 10, 1 1.
5. On the day of 200 1, 1, 10, we put two bamboo tubes, A and B, in the humid environment of the incubator in Luxi Veterinary Station for 10 days. 20 days 27C029C0 days; 30C0 was cultured in a constant temperature and humidity environment (simulating the external environmental conditions in June, July and August) for 25 days, and bamboo was opened in May 17. It is found that there are circular films and a large number of transverse filaments in bamboo. Five larvae began to pupate, and the larvae were thinner. On June 20th, 57 dead pupae and 77 dry larvae were obtained. After the pupae were put into the specimen box, they began to emerge on July 16. By the end of August, 47 pupae had emerged into adults with quite incomplete wings in bamboo tubes. Female insects lay eggs in the specimen box on the second day after emergence, and the life span of male and female adults is less than 3 days, and the eggs laid have never hatched. See photos 12, 13, 14.
Observations and research conclusions 1:
A total of 152 pupae were obtained in the experiment of cultivating 5 th instar mature larvae in artificial indoor specimen box. By the end of August, 97 pupae had emerged as adults, 5 1 adult was fully developed, 68 adults were incompletely developed, and no mating behavior was observed. None of the eggs laid by females hatched into larvae. From this set of experiments, it can be concluded that the 5th instar mature larvae no longer eat the inner wall of bamboo shoots, but must live in a closed environment with no light, little ventilation and high humidity in order to normally complete the physiological preparation for pupation, eclosion, mating and spawning.
The second group observed the experiment.
From July, 2000 1 year, we moved the tender bamboo shoots of1,2, 3 and 4 years old into the biotechnology activity room, and carried out artificial feeding observation and research with the following four methods. Details are as follows:
On July 27th, 1 year, the tender bamboo shoots newly entering the larvae in the wild environment were sawed off in the section below the "hole" and moved into the bucket indoors for observation and research. After 10 days, bamboo shoots fibers obviously aged, and bamboo shoots were dissected at 15 days. It was observed that there were dead larvae in the late 2nd instar and molting at the first 1 in the 3rd and 4th bamboo cavities above the hole, and there was no obvious decay of the bamboo membrane, only a small amount of excrement was found in the bamboo cavities, so the hole was finished. See photos 15 and 16.
2. On August 7th, the bamboo shoots with 2nd instar larvae in the field (bamboo shoots on the 7th day after the larvae entered the bamboo) were sawed off and moved into an indoor bucket for observation and study. After 10 days, bamboo shoots fibers obviously aged, and bamboo shoots were dissected at 15 days. It was observed that the 3rd instar larvae died and molted for the second time in the 6th and 7th bamboo cavities above the hole nodes, the bamboo membrane was obviously decayed, and the excreta in the bamboo cavities increased, showing sponginess. See photo 17.
3. On August 17, bamboo shoots with 3rd instar larvae in the field were sawed off and moved into buckets in the biological room for observation. On the sixth day, the larvae drilled through the transverse wall of bamboo shoots, creating holes in the bamboo walls of the 7th, 8th and 9th bamboo nodes above the hole nodes, and the larvae kept crawling out and in from the holes, showing a state of searching for food in a hurry due to lack of food and food. On the eighth day, bamboo shoots were dissected, and there were 77 4th instar larvae and the third molting in the cavities of the 7th, 8th and 9th nodes above the holes. The bamboo walls and bamboo tips in sections 7, 8 and 9 were severely chewed and rotted, and there was a large amount of spongy mixture in the cavity of sections 7, 8 and 9. See photo 18.
On August 25th, these 77 4th instar larvae were moved into the cavity of another tender bamboo shoot for further observation. The fifth day (August 30th) saw bamboo shoots. The results showed that the fifth instar larvae, the fourth molting and sponge were mixed in the bamboo shoot cavity, and the wall of the bamboo shoot was seriously eaten. On August 3rd1day, these 77 5th instar larvae were transplanted into No.378 bamboo shoot on campus, so that they could complete the process of overwintering, pupation and emergence in live bamboo under natural conditions. See photo 19.