The production process of using pine needles to make wine is as follows:
1. Raw material preparation: 100 kilograms of fresh pine needles, 3 kilograms of yeast liquid, and 3 kilograms of rice wine yeast.
2. Operation process: Cut the pine needles into 6cm long, steam them in a large pot for ten hours, take them out and crush them, pour them into the pot and heat them to 30℃, mix 3kg of rice wine koji and let the temperature rise. Lower the temperature to 26°C, add 3 kilograms of yeast liquid, and then seal it for 3-5 days (three days before the harvest, four days after the fall, and five days in winter). After the seal is uncovered, distillation can be carried out and the wine can flow out. For every 100 kilograms of pine needles, 4-5 kilograms of wine are produced.
3. Preparation of yeast liquid: crush 100 kilograms of dried sweet potatoes, mix with 50 kilograms of water, inoculate with yeast, and ferment it after eight hours.
4. Yeast seed production:
(1) Raw materials: 1 kilogram of rice, 5 kilograms of water, 0.4 kilograms of rice wine koji, and 30 grams of Chinese cabbage.
(2) Production method: Wash the rice, cook it into thick rice soup, add water to lower the temperature to 60°C, add yellow koji, hydrolyze it for 3-4 hours to obtain the sugar liquid, and then add 100ml sugar Add 3 grams of Chinese cabbage into the liquid, add the bacteria after cooking, and it will become yeast in three days.
(3) Fermentation and distillation: The fermented mash is distilled into edible wine.
The pine needle residue after wine making can be used to make paper pulp. Mix 100 kilograms of pine needle residue and 35 kilograms of lime evenly, cook for four hours, take out and rinse clean to obtain paper pulp.
Use pine needle powder as feed
Pine needle powder is a non-toxic and high nutritional value livestock feed additive. In order to control the crude fiber content in pine needle powder, the following requirements are put forward for mechanical defoliation raw materials:
The content of fresh needles shall not be less than 60%; the content of lignified branches shall not exceed 30%; and the content of organic impurities shall not exceed 10% ;The inorganic impurity content does not exceed 0.2.
The production process of pine needle powder is as follows:
1. Branch collection: Collect branches with needles from tending and logging sites, and bundle them for machine defoliation.
2. Defoliation: Use a defoliation machine to separate the young branches and leaves from the thick branches. The degree of defoliation is required to reach 85-90%.
3. Chop: Use a chopper to destroy the cuticle of the pine needle leaves for drying. The appropriate chopping length is 30-40mm.
4. Drying; reduce the moisture content of young branches and leaves from about 50 to 8-10, and remove aromatic oil while drying to increase the palatability of animals. The drying temperature used by the chamber dryer is 80-120°C, and the color of the dried branches and leaves should basically maintain their original green color.
5. Crushing: Use a grinder to crush the dried young branches and leaves into leaf powder. The particle size of the leaf powder is best controlled below 1.2mm.
6. Packaging and storage: Pine needle leaf powder can be packed in black or colored plastic bags and coated in chemical fiber woven bags. In order to avoid the loss of chlorophyll and carotene in pine needle powder, packaged pine needle powder should be stored in a light-proof, ventilated, dry and clean warehouse. It is best to set up wooden shelves on the ground to prevent the product from getting moldy.
Pine needle powder has a dark green appearance and a pine needle aroma. It has been determined to contain various nutrients needed by poultry and livestock.
Taking the mixed leaf powder of red pine and black pine as an example, the content is as follows: powder protein 8.96, the protein contains aspartic acid 0.62, threonine 0.29, serine 0.27, cystine 0.17, valine 0.46, methionine 0.34, isosine Leucine 0.33, leucine 0.54, tyrosine 0.24, glutamic acid 0.69, glycine 0.53, alanine 0.37, phenylalanine 0.44, lysine 0.43, histidine 0.14, arginine 0.27, color Acid 0.09, proline 0.29, crude fat 11.1, crude fiber 27.12, nitrogen-free extract 41.59, ash 3.34, carotene 122 mg/kg, vitamin C 522 mg/kg, vitamin B13.8 mg/kg, vitamin B217. 2 mg/kg, chlorophyll 1349 mg/kg, sodium 0.03, magnesium 0.14, phosphorus 0.08, calcium 0.54, potassium 0.46, copper 56 mg/kg, manganese 215 mg/kg, iron 329 mg/kg, zinc 38 mg/kg, Cobalt 0.58 mg/kg, molybdenum 0.87 mg/kg, selenium 3.6 mg/kg.
Pine needle powder contains various nutrients necessary for livestock and poultry, including 18 important amino acids, more than 10 trace elements and multiple vitamins. Adding 2.5-4.0 pine needle powder to pig feed can increase pig weight gain by 15-40% compared to the control, and shorten the feeding period by more than 40 days. By adding 5-9 pine needle powder to the raising of laying hens, the egg production rate of the chickens can be increased by more than 13%, the egg weight gain is 2.9%, the fertilization rate is 94.1%, and the feed is saved by 9.2% per kilogram of eggs. Adding 10% of pine needle powder to dairy cows' diet can increase milk production by 7.4%. The use of pine needle powder additives can also enhance the disease resistance of livestock and poultry, gain weight quickly, increase the production of meat, eggs, and milk, save feed, and improve the egg yolk color and lean meat rate of pigs. The effect of adding pine needle powder when raising geese, ducks, rabbits and minks is also very significant. According to survey calculations, for every ton of pine needle powder produced, the net profit is 200-300 yuan, the social benefit can reach more than 1,000 yuan, and the value of each hectare of pine forest can be increased by about 800 yuan.
Pine needles are used in medicine
Pine needles can be used as medicine, and their needles can be harvested throughout the year, and it is best to harvest them in the twelfth lunar month. After harvesting, it is dried in the sun and placed in a dry place to make Chinese herbal medicine. The medicinal material is needle-shaped, with a long fine groove in the center, smooth surface, dark green color, light and brittle texture, and slightly smelly. Its effective chemical components are volatile oils (α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, etc.), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, etc.), resins, etc. Pine needles are used as medicine. They taste bitter, astringent, and are warm in nature. They have the effects of dispelling wind, activating blood circulation, improving eyesight, calming the nerves, detoxifying, and relieving itching. Mainly used to treat influenza, meningitis, rheumatic joint pain, bruises, insomnia and edema, leprosy and scabies, skin itching, night blindness, hyperemia, scurvy, neurasthenia, chronic tracheitis, and thrombocytopenic purpura. External use to treat chilblains. Dosage: 30-60 grams of fresh product, decoct in water and wash the affected area.
Pine needles can also be used as veterinary medicine to treat dry eye disease, night blindness, scorched skin, bloat disease in farm cattle, gastrointestinal disease in calves, growth retardation and aphtha in pigs caused by vitamin deficiency, etc. .
Prepare plant pesticides from pine needles to prevent and control rice pests:
(1) Use 5 kilograms of pine needle juice, add 10 kilograms of water, and pour it into 1 acre of field (water depth 3-4cm). It can kill rice mud borers and prevent and control moss.
(2) Add 5 kilograms of pine needles to 5 kilograms of boiling water, place it in a bucket and seal it for 2 hours to filter. It is effective in preventing and controlling rice planthoppers and rice dust bugs.
Using pine needles to make drinks
Pine needles are rich in nutrients and can be made into new drinks. Pine needle drinks are popular in the Japanese and Russian markets. According to reports, the drink is rich in nutrients. One 16-kilogram bottle of pine needle drink contains the vitamin C needed by 350 people. The taste is comparable to ordinary drinks, and it has certain preventive and inhibitory effects on cancer cells. Long-term drinking can increase appetite, eliminate fatigue, improve human health, make children smarter, and prevent various diseases caused by vitamin deficiency.
In recent years, the pine needle drinks developed and produced by the Japanese are effective in treating gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, liver and kidney diseases, etc.
Beverage preparation method: first add 100 grams of brown sugar to 1.5 liters, boil, and then add pine needles that have been washed with water and dried in the shade after cooling. Soak at room temperature for 170-240 hours to dissolve the active ingredients in the pine needles, and then filter out the solid pine needle residue to obtain a clear solution product.
Preparing vitamin C from pine needles
Pine needles contain a large amount of vitamin C. The composition of vitamin C is C6H8O6, which is a white crystal with a melting point of 192°C; it is easily soluble in water and has significant acidic reaction.
Vitamin C is difficult to dissolve in formic acid, ethanol and acetone, and is almost completely insoluble in other solvents.
Vitamin C is very unstable and is very sensitive to oxygen in the air. Natural vitamins are widely distributed.
Taking advantage of the fact that vitamin C is easily soluble in water, vitamin C is prepared by the extraction method. Generally, the needles are mashed and extracted with hot water. The resulting solution can be used directly (but it quickly It will be oxidized and spoiled, but if it is acidified, it will be more stable). In addition, it can also be prepared by the following method:
Wash the pine needles carefully with water to remove dirt. Place the pine needles and boiling water in batches in a container. The weight ratio of water to pine needles is 5:1. The container should be covered with a lid and boiled. The boiling time is longer in winter and shorter in summer. Pour out the extract and filter.
To prepare vitamin C in production, the following equipment can be used:
Use a covered wooden barrel with a capacity of 800 liters. The barrel has a false bottom, a live air pipe and a faucet. Each barrel is filled with 100-110 kilograms of washed pine needles. The water in the barrel reaches three-quarters of the volume of the barrel. After the lid is tightly closed, steam is passed through the live air pipe. When the water in the barrel boils, the steam supply can be slightly reduced. The cooking time can be extended to 2.5 hours, then turn off the steam and let it sit for 15-16 hours. The effective concentration of the obtained extract reaches 30-50 mg/100 g. The color and consistency of the infusion is similar to that of medium tea.
The vitamin C infusion prepared above has a somewhat strong bitter taste because there are resins, tannins and other bitter substances in the solution.
Methods to eliminate or reduce bitterness are: 1. Add delicious and aromatic substances to the extract. 2. Saturate with carbonic acid. 3. Fermentation of extract liquid. 4. Refining with isobutyl alcohol to remove contaminants in the extract. Because isobutyl alcohol has strong solubility in resin and rarely dissolves vitamin C.
To prevent it from oxidative deterioration, it should be concentrated and dried into a solid as soon as possible.