Source The seeds of round-leaved petunia pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voight, family Spiniferae.
Plant Form Annual twining herb, densely covered with long white hairs throughout. Leaves alternate, broadly cordate, entire; petiole nearly as long as the common pedicel. Inflorescence with 1 to 3 flowers; sepals 5-parted, lobes ovate-lanceolate, ca. 1 cm, apex caudate; corolla white, blue-purple or purple-red, funnel-shaped, 5-8 cm; stamens 5; ovary 3-locular. Capsule spherical. Seeds 5-6, ovate, black or yellowish white. Flowering period June to September, fruiting period July to October.
Born in mountain thickets, village sides, roadsides; much cultivated. Distributed throughout the country.
Harvesting The plant is harvested in late fall when the fruit is ripe and the husk is not cracked, dried in the sun, and the seeds are knocked down and impurities are removed.
Traits The seeds are orange-valve-like, 4-8mm long and 3-5mm wide, with a grayish-black surface (black clown) or yellowish-white surface (white clown). Dorsal surface has 1 shallow longitudinal groove, ventral surface wired near the end of a point-like umbilicus, slightly concave. The texture is hard, cracked and broken in water, with two light yellow cotyledons, closely overlapping and wrinkled. The flavor is pungent, bitter, with numbness.
Taste and odor Cold, bitter; poisonous.
Functions and Indications Laxative and laxative, eliminating phlegm and cleansing drink, killing worms and attacking accumulation. It is used in treating edema and fullness, incontinence, accumulation of phlegm and drink, asthma and cough, abdominal pain of worms, ascaris lumbricoides and tapeworms.
Note: The seeds of P. nil (L.) Choisy are also used as petunia seeds.
English name SEMEN PHARBITIDIS
Alias Petunia, black clown, white clown, two clowns, trumpet flower seeds
Origin This product is the dry mature seeds of the plant of the family of convolvulaceae, split-leaf petunia, Pharbitis nil (L.) Choisy, or round-leaf petunia, Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt. Seeds. In late fall, when the fruit is ripe and the shell is not cracked, the plant is harvested and dried, and the seeds are knocked down and impurities are removed.
Method
Petunia seeds: remove impurities. When used, pounded.
Fried petunia seeds: take the net petunia seeds, according to the method of stir-fry (Appendix II D) fried until slightly bulging. When used, it should be crushed.
Traits of this product like orange petal-like, 4 ~ 8mm long, 3 ~ 5mm wide, grayish black or yellowish white surface, the back has a shallow longitudinal groove, the lower end of the ventral prongs have a point of umbilicus, slightly concave. The hard texture, transverse section can be seen yellowish or yellowish green crumpled folded cotyledons, slightly oily. Odorless, taste pungent, bitter, numbness.
Identification
(1) Take this product, soaked in water, the seed coat was cracked, twisting the hand with a distinct sticky feeling.
(2) The powder is yellowish brown. The epidermal cells of the testa are dark brown, irregular in shape, with microwave-like walls. Non-glandular hairs unicellular, yellowish brown, slightly curved, 50-240 μm long. cotyledonary fragments with secretory cavities, round or ellipsoid, 35-106 μm in diameter. calcium oxalate cluster crystals 10-25 μm in diameter . Fenestrated tissue fragments and glow bands are sometimes visible.
(3) Take 1g of this product, crushed, add 2mol/L hydrochloric acid ethanol solution of 30ml, heating reflux 1. 5 hours, filtration, filtrate with 40ml of water, placed on a water bath and steamed until no alcohol flavor, the aqueous solution placed in a separatory funnel, add 30ml of benzene shaking extraction, split the benzene layer, recovery of solvents, residue with anhydrous ethanol 1ml to make the dissolution of, as a solution for the test product. Take Petunia seeds control herb 1g, the same method into the control herb solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B) test, absorb the above two solutions of 4μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with cyclohexane - ethyl acetate (9:1) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, dry, sprayed with 5% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, heated at 105 ℃ until the spots show clear color. In the chromatogram of the test material, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control material, the spots of the same color are shown.
The properties and flavors are bitter, cold; toxic. Attributed to the lung, kidney and large intestine meridians.
Functions: laxative and laxative, eliminating phlegm and cleansing drink, killing worms and attacking accumulation. It is used in treating edema and fullness, incontinence, accumulation of phlegm and drink, asthma and cough, abdominal pain of worms, ascaris lumbricoides and tapeworms.
Dosage 3~6g.
Store in a dry place.
Remarks
(1) Used for ascites swelling, can be used together with the attacking and expelling water medicines, such as glycyrrhiza glabra, coriander, halberd and so on. Used for phlegm congestion and stagnation of qi, coughing, often with Drabanemerosa hebecarpa, almonds and other applications. Used for worms and abdominal pain, often used with betel nut, rhubarb, etc., on roundworms, tapeworms have the effect of killing.
(2) the petunia seeds for Jun down the drugs, less use of the stool, more use of the diarrhea, such as water, and diuretic, so in the clinic is mainly used for ascites swelling, two unfavorable and food accumulation, constipation and other diseases. As for the treatment of phlegm congestion and stagnation of Qi, coughing and wheezing, it should only be used temporarily, not for a long time. If the spleen is weak stomach, gas deficiency and bloating, when the spleen and tonic for the importance of the product should not be used to attack the diarrhea and elimination of the accumulation of stomach qi.
[Functions] It is used to relieve water and pass stool, dispel phlegm and expel drinks, and kill worms and eliminate stagnation.
[Ingredients] Containing petunia glycosides (resin glycosides), fatty oil, organic acids.
[Application] Used in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or cirrhosis who suffer from congestion and distension of damp-heat qi stagnation with ascites and swelling of the lower limbs, etc. It is often used in conjunction with Dahu Pi, Da Huang, Hou Pu, and Bajue Zha, etc. It is also used in the treatment of abdominal tumors who suffer from ascites and swelling and constipation of the stools, etc. It can be used in conjunction with Atractylodes macrocephalus, Semen Aesculi, Semen Aesculi and Astragalus Membranaceus.
[Common Dosage] 2-3 grams in water. Ground and swallowed, 0.5-1 gram each time, 2-3 times a day.
[Note] Excessive dosage may cause neurological symptoms and side effects such as blood in the stool, abdominal pain and vomiting. Therefore, this product should only be used transiently and should not be applied to deficiency and distension caused by deficiency of positive qi.
[edit paragraph]Chemical composition
1. Petunia seeds contain petunia glycosides (pharbitin) about 3%, is a resinous glycoside, hydrolyzed with alkali to get petunia acid (pharbitic acid), crotonic acid (tiglic acid), cleaved petunia acid (nilic acid), α-methylbutyric acid (α-methylbutyric acid). methylbutyric acid) and valeric acid. Petunia acid is a mixture, separated from the petunia acid A, B, C, D, the latter two are mainly; petunia acid C is condensed from ipurolic acid and 2 molecules of D-glucose (D-glucose) and become glycosides, petunia acid D contains 1 molecule of rhamnose than petunia acid C. The seeds also contain alkaloids; rye also contains alkaloid; α-methylbutyric acid (α- methylbutyric acid) and valeric acid (valeric acid), and so on. Seeds also contain alkaloids; naked ergot alkaloids (chanoclavine), wild ergot alkaloids (elymoclavine), wolfsbane ergot alkaloids (penniclavine), field ergot alkaloids (agroclavine), lysergic acid (lyser-gol) and so on. Also contains 11% fat oil and other sugars. The immature seeds contain a variety of gibberellins and their glucosides: gibberellin (gib-berellin) A3, A5, A20, A26, A27; gibberellin glucoside (gibberellin glucoside) Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, F-VII.
2. Round-leaved petunia seeds contain gibberellin A3, A5, A8, A17, A19, A20, A26, A27, A29, A33, A44, A55, and eriodictyol-7-O-β-D-xylopyanosyl-O-β-D-arabinopyranoside. -O-β-D-arabinopyranoside), 2-hydroxy-1,4-pentadione (2-hydroxy-xy-1-phenyl-1,4-pentadione), 2,3,22,23-tetrahydroxycholestan-6-one (brassinone), chestnut steroid (castasterone) and ergot alkaloids (ergot alkaloid).
[edit]Pharmacological effects
Petunidoside is chemically similar to laxigenin (Jalapin) and has a strong laxative effect. Petunidoside in the intestines meet bile and intestinal fluid decomposition of petunidin, stimulate the intestinal tract, enhance peristalsis, resulting in laxative. According to animal testing, black clown and white clown laxative effect is not different. On the principle of the laxative effect of petunia, research is scarce, it is different from magnesium sulfate, rhubarb, in the laxative, does not cause dramatic changes in blood sugar, but can accelerate inulin (Inulin) in the kidneys of the discharge, may have diuretic effect. Petunia seeds of water, alcohol extract on mice have a laxative effect, but after decoction, that is to lose the effect. After removing the aqueous solution of petunia glycosides, it seems to still have a laxative effect, so in addition to the known petunia glycosides, may also contain other laxative components. In vitro test, black ugly, white ugly pig roundworm still have some anthelmintic effect. Petunidoside seems to be able to excite the isolated rabbit intestine and isolated rat uterus; intravenous injection of 1mg/kg of anesthetized dogs, rabbits, blood pressure, respiration has no significant effect. Subcutaneous injection of mice LD50 is 37;5mg/kg. toxic to humans, but not large, a large number of direct stimulation of the stomach and intestines in addition to cause vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and mucus blood stools, but also may stimulate the kidneys, causing hematuria, and in severe cases may also damage the nervous system, speech impediments, coma and so on. Ipomoeatricolor (Ipomoeatricolor) contains isolysergamide (Isolyserga-nide), lysergamide (Lysergamide) and lysergic acid, with hallucinogenic effect. Diarrhea: Seed ethanol or water extract 1.5-3g/kg gavage, has a diarrhea effect on mice, but the decoction loses its diarrhea-causing ability. Excitatory smooth muscle: the resin contained 0.2% concentration, the isolated intestinal tubes and uterus of rabbits have an excitatory effect; subcutaneous injection of mice with a LD50 of 37.5mg/kg. Salt of hydrolyzed products of petunidoside can make guinea pigs small intestine, cecum, large intestine contraction, while petunidoside itself does not have such an effect.
[Editorial]Pharmacology
The LD50 of the decoction of Magnolia officinalis was 6.12± 0.038g/kg in mice injected intraperitoneally, and the LD50 of Magnolia aristolochiae in mice injected intraperitoneally was 45.55mg/kg. The minimum LD50 of the decoction of Magnolia officinalis injected intravenously in cats was 4.25±1.25g/kg. 60g/kg, observed for 3 days, no death was observed.
[Edit paragraph]Discussions
1.Li Gao: Petunia seeds, "Materia Medica" famous doctors continue to note clouds, bitter and cold flavor can remove dampness, li Xiao Shui, the treatment of propulsion and propulsion foot qi. According to the said, the odor of the main treatment are wrong, how to make it clear? Where the medicine with the petunia, less moving stool, more water, this is a diarrhea of the drug, try to take a taste, that is, the taste of pungent, long and chewing, fierce and strong, gradually uninterrupted, non-sin how? Continuing to note that the family is said to taste bitter cold, its bitter cold fruit in? If you think that the medicine of diarrhea and wetness, but also do not know its. Why? This thing but can diarrhea gas in the wet heat, can not diarrhea blood in the wet heat. The wet water alias, tangible also, if the lungs first wet, it is appropriate to use. Today's medicines do not ask if there is wet wet, but hurt food, or want to move stools, or have hot service, or as a regular service, grams of medicine all with petunia, is not it a mistake? I do not know that the petunia Xinlie, diarrhea people's vitality, more than the Xin drug diarrhea gas is particularly strong, to its Xin's XiongLiang also. Today, heavy for the preparation of words, if the disease wet win, wet gas shall not be ShiChua, so that the urine and feces can not be, it is appropriate to use the ear, wet to go to the gas to circumference, the so-called five viscera have the evil, and more flat.
2. "Tang Liquid Materia Medica": the petunia, to gas medicine lead into the gas, to rhubarb lead into the blood.
3. "Compendium": the petunia, since the Song Dynasty, the North is commonly used to take fast, and Liu Shouzhen, Zhang Zi and out, and advocate for the general medicine, Li Mingzhi witnessed it, so the book of its say very hard? The. The water in the lungs, gas full of swelling, lower Jiao Yu Zhen, waist and back swelling, and the large intestine wind constipation gas constipation, Zhuo has a special effect. But the disease in the blood and spleen and stomach weakness and plumping, you can not take fast for a while and often serve, secretly hurt the vitality. A clan room Mrs., a few years 60 years, the life of the bitter intestinal knot disease, ten days a line, even more than the production, the service blood dry medicine is not fast in the mud diaphragm, the service nitrate, Huang Tongli medicine, if the reckless, so more than thirty years, Shi Zhen diagnosis of its human body fat, cream beams and more than the excellent Yu Yu, the day to spit out the acidic sputum bowl of Xu Naikuan, but also more than the fire disease, it is a triple jiao gas stagnation, there is no ascending and descending, the fluids are transformed into phlegm and drink, can not under the nourishment of intestinal viscera, not the blood than the dryness of the also. Run agent stagnation, nitrate, yellow futile into the blood, can not pass gas, are phlegm obstruction, so ineffective. It is the end of the petunia, soap pods cream pills and services, even if through the Lee, since but feel the bowel knot, a service on the smooth, may also want to eat, and back to the essence of the cool. Gaixiao can go gas, through the triple jiao, gas smooth phlegm by drinking consumption, up and down through fast carry forward, nephew Liu Qiao, more wine and color, the disease under the extreme distension and pain, the two stools can not be, can not sit down, standing crying and moaning for seven days and nights. Medical use of fluids ineffective, sent to knock Yu, I think this is the evil of dampness and heat in the essence of the road, congestion and distension of the tunnel road, the disease between the two yin, so the former blocked the urine, after blocking the stool, the disease is not in the large intestine, bladder, too. It is used neem, fennel. Andrographis paniculata medicines, into the petunia doubled, water decoction, a service and reduce, three services and flat. Petunia can reach the right kidney door, go to the essence of the tunnel, people do not know, but Dongguan Li Ming Zhi know, so Ming Zhi treatment of yang deficiency in the lower burner, Tianzhen Dan with petunia to salt water fried black, into the Zuo Shenxiang, Cortex Eucommiae, broken old paper. Official cinnamon drugs, y complementary and diarrhea of the wonderful, see "medical invention". And Dongguan treatment of spleen dampness is too much, through the body swollen, gasping not lying down, the abdomen as a drum, Hai Jinsha loose, also with the petunia as the king, the Dongguan not exhaustive abandoned the petunia not use, but the noble Shi of the road ear.
4. "Materia Medica is": the petunia, the ancient formula for more than loose, pills, if used to save the emergency, can also be used with the group of medicines decoction, but the great leakage of vital energy, all the weak and weak people must be avoided.
5. "Justice of the Materia Medica": Altair, good drainage of dampness and heat, fluids, but also go stools, so "Berecord" said its bitter cold, to Li's Dongguan, to both its Xin Rutuo odor, so that it is said to be pungent and strong. By the way, this thing is very slippery, through the leakage is its specialty, try to chew, but its skin slightly pungent flavor, ancient and modern treatment, are used in the damp-heat gas stagnation, the real swelling and fullness, the two stools do not pass, then Dongguan thought that the pungent heat, Zhangshi naughty and also said that the pungent warmth, all are inaccurate, when to the "Beilu" of the bitter cold for the positive. And Rutuxi gas halberd human throat and tongue, fine taste of the skin, so-called poisonous, cover that is in this. In the ancient formula, wherever the end is used, it is said to stop using the end of the head, precisely because its skin is sticky and not easy to crush, and only the end of the head is used, then the skin is discarded, and there is no poisonousness of Sututaruta, which is quite meaningful to think about. The main treatment of "Beilu" is to break the congestion of the qi, drain the swelling and fullness of water-dampness, and remove the wind and benefit the stool, all of which are based on the actual disease, and the function of this drug is already covered, and Zhenquan Shenzhi is the treatment of jock itch gas lumps, and benefit the urinary and fecal matter, Dongguan said that it removes the qi damp-heat and triple-jiao congestion; and the littoral is said to expel phlegm and drink, and passes the secret of the large intestinal gas, the secret of the wind, and kills the worms. Also all the main stagnation and congestion theory. And Zhenquan is also said to remove the swelling, it is wrong. "Rihua Materia Medica" said the treatment of lumbago, cover also refers to damp-heat obstruction, lumbar spine unfavorable conditions, but the words are not clear, the study is not.
6. "Beilu": the main gas, treatment of foot full of edema, in addition to the wind, facilitate urination.
7. "Treatise on the Nature of Medicine": treatment of stagnant gas blocks, facilitating urination and defecation, in addition to water, swelling. Falling fetus.
8. "Rihua Zi Materia Medica": to take the waist pain, cold pus, and all gas congestion. Li Gao: removing dampness and heat in the qi, San Jiao congestion.
9. "Compendium": expel phlegm and eliminate drinking, through the large intestine gas constipation wind constipation, kill insects.
10. Jiangsu Pharmaceutical Journal: for acute arthritis.
11. Xinjiang Chinese Herbal Medicine Manual: diarrhea, diuretic, insecticide. It is used to treat constipation, dyspepsia, nephritis and edema, and pediatric pharyngolaryngitis.
[Edit this paragraph] Selection of prescription
① Treatment of edema: Petunia seeds of the end of the water, water, square inches of dagger, day one, in order to facilitate the degree of small. ("Thousand Gold Formula") ② treatment of stop drinking swollen full: black petunia head end four two, fennel one or two (fried), or add one or two wood incense. The above for the fine powder, to ginger natural juice, one, two money, lying down to take. ("Ru Men Shi Kin" Yu Gong San) ③ treatment of water and gas compulsion bloating: white petunia, black petunia two money each. The above for the end, and barley flour four taels, for the cake, lying down with a cup of tea under, lowering the gas for the test. ("Xuan Ming Lun Fang" a gas scattered) ④ treatment of pediatric abdominal distension, water and gas flow swelling, bladder real heat, urinary redness and astringency: petunia raw research one money, green skin soup under the heart. A plus wood incense reduced by half, pills to serve. ("Zheng's pediatric formula") ⑤ treatment of swollen limbs: thick Park (peeled, ginger system fried) half a taels, five taels of petunia (fried to take the end of two taels). Finely chopped. Each serving two money, decoction ginger, jujube soup mix down. ("This formula") (6) treatment of children's lung distension and gasping, chest high gas rush, two ribs fanning, sunken for the pit, the two nostrils open, stuffy chaotic coughing and thirst, sound ga not sound, phlegm and saliva tide plug, commonly known as the horse spleen wind: one or two white petunia (half raw and half cooked), black petunia one or two (half raw and half cooked), Chuan rhubarb, betel nut, one or two each. The above for fine powder. Three-year-old children each serve two money, cold syrup water mix down, salivation, add a little powder, no time, add a little honey. (Tian's "Baby Protection Collection" Niuhuang Raider of Life San) (7) treatment of foot qi shin has been full, pinch no finger: Petunia seeds, pounded, honey pills, such as a small bean large five pills, swallowed. ("Completing the lack of elbow square") ⑧ treatment of all worm accumulations: petunia seeds two two (fried, research for the end), betel nut one or two, so that the gentleman meat 50 (slightly fried). All for the end. Take two coins each, mix with sugar, and reduce by half for children. ("Yong class Inscription formula") ⑨ treatment of constipation and congestion of the large intestinal wind heat junction astringent: Petunia seeds (black, slightly fried, pounded to get its powder) one or two, peach kernel (end) half a two, with cooked honey and pills such as a sycamore tree seed. Take three or twenty pills with warm water. ("Diffraction of Materia Medica") ⑩ treatment of cold gas flow injection, lumbar pain can not pitch: Yanhusuo two two, broken old paper (fried) two two, black petunia seeds three two (fried). On the fine powder, simmering garlic research search pills, such as a sycamore large. Each serving of thirty pills, decoction of onion and salt soup sent down, before eating. ("Yang's family collection formula" Altair pill) 11. Treatment of kidney qi for pain: black, white Altair and other points. Fried for the end, each serving three money, cut with pork waist, into the fennel hundred grains, Sichuan pepper fifty grains, mixed with the end of the petunia into the tie, paper bag simmering, empty heart food, wine, take out the evil effect. ("Ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang") 12. Treatment of intestinal carbuncle with pus, distension closed not: the head of the petunia seed end three money, rhubarb two money, andrographis paniculata (calcined) two money, frankincense, myrrh one money. All for the end. Each serving three money, white soup to mix the service. (Zhang Sanfeng Xian Chuan Fang) 13. Treatment of syphilis, horizontal stitches: white petunia nuts, each time five, six money, decoction of soup to be taken internally. ("Quanzhou Materia Medica") 14. Treatment of wind-heat red eyes: black ugly kernel for the end, mixing onion white soup on the affected area. (Quanzhou Materia Medica)
[Edit Paragraph]Contraindications
Pregnant women and those with weak stomachs and weak qi should not take.
1. Rihuazi Materia Medica (日华子本草)：得青木香、干姜良.
2. The Supplement to the Diffractions of the Materia Medica: Do not use if you are not bloated or constipated.
3. The Essence of Pinhui (品汇精要): It should not be taken during pregnancy.
4. "Materia Medica Prepara": If dampness and heat are in the blood, it is forbidden to use it if the stomach is weak and the qi is weak.
[Edit Paragraph]Flora and Fauna
1. Petunia, annual climbing herb. Stem twining, 2m long can be up and down, was inverted pubescent and mixed with inverted or spreading long hard hairs. Leaves alternate; petiole 2-15cm long; leaf blade broadly ovate to suborbicular, y or shallowly 3-lobed, occasionally 5-lobed, 4-15cm long, .5-14cm wide, base cordate, middle lobe oblong or ovate-orbicular, acuminate or cuspidate, lateral lobes shorter, triangular, clefts acute or rounded, lobes oblong or ovate-orbicular, acuminate or softly acuminate, lateral lobes shorter, triangular, clefts acute or rounded, foliage surface covered with hirtellous Pilose hairs. Flowers axillary, single or 2-3 inserted at top of peduncle, peduncle variable in length, hairy; bracts 2, linear or leaflike; sepals 5, subequal, narrowly lanceolate, outside hairy; corolla funnelform, 5-10 cm long, blue-purple or purple-red, corolla tube pale; stamens 5, not protruding from outside of corolla, filaments unequal, slightly broader at base, hairy; pistil 1, ovary glabrous, 3-locular, stigma head-shaped. Capsule subglobose, 0.8-1.3 cm in diameter, 3-valved. Seeds 5-6, ovate-trigonous, black-brown or beige. Fl. July-September, fr. August-October.
2. Morphology is similar to petunia, the main points of difference are: leaf blade circular-cordate or broadly ovate-cordate, 4-18cm long, 3.5cm wide, usually entire. Flowers are axillary, single or 2-5 in umbellate cymes, sepals ovate-lanceolate.
[edit]Cultivation of medicinal plants
1. Climate and soil: Petunia is more adaptable, not strict on climate and soil requirements, but a mild climate and moderately fertile sandy loam is preferred. Too low humidity or dry thin crest of the ground, growth are poor.
2. Planting: seed propagation, sowing in April-May. Before sowing, turn the soil as a border (such as the use of hedges, walls, ridges and other land planting, do not need to make a border), the width of the border is about 1.3m, according to the plant spacing of 23-33cm, row spacing of 30-50cm open holes, each hole sowing 4-5 seeds. After sowing, cover with a layer of fine soil, so that the seeds are not exposed as appropriate. After the seed germination, the seedlings grow 2-3 pieces of true leaves, it is necessary to inter-seedling, replenish seedlings, can also be transplanted. To keep 2-3 plants per hole can be.
3. Field management: in the vine is still short, can be loosened and weeded 1-2 times. To the vine is longer, must set up pillars, or interplanting corn, sorghum and other crops to make it climb up, to replace the pillar. Fertilizer, in the early stage of the application of human manure, ammonia sulfate and other nitrogen fertilizer is appropriate, the late more grass ash, bone meal and other phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is appropriate.
[Edit Paragraph]Identification of raw herbs
Trait identification Seeds like orange petal-like, slightly 3-angled, 5-7mm long, 3-5mm wide. grayish-black surface (black ugly), or yellowish-white (white ugly), the back of the bow-shaped bulge, the two sides of the face is slightly flat, slightly wrinkled, the back of the middle has a shallow longitudinal groove, the lower end of the ventral rib line for the class of rounded light-colored umbilical. The texture is hard, and 2 pieces of yellowish or yellowish green crumpled and folded cotyledons can be seen in cross section. After immersion in water, the seed coat is cracked, with obvious mucus, slightly pungent flavor, bitter, and numb tongue feeling. To the full grain, no pericarp and other impurities is preferred.
Microscopic identification of the seeds in cross-section: 1 column of epidermal cells, slightly tangential prolongation, some containing brown material, between the non-glandular hairs differentiated into single-celled epidermis below the epidermis of a column of small flat hypodermal cells. The fenestrated cell layer consists of 2-3 columns of cells, with a radiant band against the outer edge. The trophic layer consists of several rows of tangentially prolonged cells and decadent cells with tiny vascular bundles, and thin-walled cells containing tiny starch grains. The outermost 1-2 rows of endosperm cells are square-like, with slightly thicker walls, and the walls of the inner cells are mucilaginous. In the thin-walled tissue of the cotyledon, there are most round secretory cavities, about 108μm in diameter; the thin-walled cells are full of starch grains and fatty oil droplets, and contain calcium oxalate clusters; about 18μm in diameter.