2 1 century, the export price of quinoa in Bolivia and other countries soared seven times, and 90% was bought by developed countries. At present, the biggest consumers of quinoa are the United States and Canada, and the European market is backward. Japanese, Korean, Taiwan Province and other countries and regions also sell deep-processed products such as quinoa powder, and the international market sales of quinoa have reached tens of billions of dollars. In view of "this crop has unparalleled potential and plays an outstanding role in solving global food security and nutrition problems", on July 2, 20 1 1, the 37th session of the FAO adopted a resolution to declare 20 13 as the "International Year of Quinoa".
Basic planting conditions
The growth period of quinoa is 90-220 days, which is related to sowing time and local climate conditions. Generally, the earlier sowing, the longer the growth period. Planting requires that the local frost-free period should be above 100 days, the altitude should be above1500m, the precipitation should be above 300mm, and the maximum temperature should not be higher than 32 degrees.
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The sowing date should be determined according to the local climatic conditions, base fertilizer application and soil preparation. It is best to spread fertilizer (organic or inorganic or mixed) evenly on the ground one week before sowing. Rotary tillage land15-20cm deep. If there are roots or plastic films left by previous crops in the field, they should be thoroughly cleaned up to avoid affecting sowing and the growth of quinoa.
It is suggested that the amount of base fertilizer should be determined according to soil test. If the soil is poor and there is no soil testing condition, 40-45 kg of sulfur-based compound fertilizer should be applied per mu (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in compound fertilizer should reach15:15 or higher).
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Folding seeder
Using this seeder to sow flax crops, the seeder can adjust the sowing amount, sowing depth and row spacing.
Folding sowing carving
Sowing and carving with one leg (human+livestock).
Folding semi-mechanization
Two-legged or multi-legged seeder with walking tractor or tractor.
Precautions for folding
Don't use wood carving for sowing, it is difficult to control the depth evenly.
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Amount of folded seeds
The seed consumption per mu is 400 grams.
Folding line spacing
Line spacing is controlled at 45-50 cm.
Folding sowing depth
The sowing depth is 1-2cm.
Folding sowing method
Sow by machine
Other considerations for folding
Seed dressing materials, such as millet or millet, need to be prepared before sowing. If it is necessary to stir-fry millet in advance, the ratio of seed to seed dressing material is 1 seed and 2 millet (millet), or the amount of sowing material is determined according to the debugging situation to ensure the sowing quantity and uniformity.
Special attention: pay close attention to the growth of buds or seedlings and the situation of underground pests within 3- 10 days after sowing. If the underground pests are serious, it is necessary to consider secondary sowing.
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Management of folding fertilizer
It is suggested that the base fertilizer should be completely applied at one time without topdressing. If the symptoms of fertilizer deficiency are found in the late growth stage, the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer should not exceed 15 kg per mu.
Management of folding water
Mainly dry farming.
Folding pest management
Underground pests are the main pests in the planting process of quinoa, among which scarab is the most serious. Newly germinated or unearthed quinoa seedlings are vulnerable to a variety of underground pests, which will lead to complete extinction. Therefore, it is necessary to know the situation of underground pests in this plot before sowing. If the underground pests are serious, it is necessary to sprinkle pesticides to kill the underground pests when sowing.
Other common pests are coriander. When quinoa grows to more than 50 cm, it begins to damage leaves or inflorescences. Coriander is relatively concentrated and often gathers on several quinoa plants. The easiest way is to observe coriander and catch it manually.
Leaf spot is a common disease, and there is no report of economic loss at present.
Folding weeding
When the seedling of Chenopodium album grows to 10 cm, it can be hoed for the first time in combination with the thinning seedlings. Generally, when the seedling of Chenopodium album grows to more than 50 cm, it needs to be hoed 1-2 times.
Folding thinning seedling
Thinning can be started when the seedlings of Chenopodium album are 10 cm, and the spacing between plants is about 25 cm.
Folding soil cultivation
Since the height of quinoa can reach more than 2 meters, the roots should be cultivated consciously from the second weeding to make the roots more stable and prevent lodging in the later stage.
Folding transplantation (replantation)
If incomplete seedlings are found after emergence, they can be dug and transplanted when the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm, and the transplanting should be carried out after rain or when there is additional water supply.
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Folding expiration standard
The standard of maturity of quinoa is to look outside, the leaves turn yellow and red, most of them fall off, the stems begin to dry, the seeds are pinched with nails and there is no water.
Folding harvesting method
At present, there is no harvester for quinoa in China, so it is suggested to harvest it by hand with a sickle, cut the big and small ears of quinoa, or break the ears of quinoa by hand, and put it in the field or threshing floor to dry or thresh in time after harvesting.
Folding threshing
When threshing with a quartering thresher, it is necessary to dry in time. Farmers who have not left the thresher need to dry quinoa and then beat or crush it by hand.
Folding drying
It is best to choose a place far away from sand and gravel to dry, so as to avoid sand and gravel mixing. If conditions permit, the drying effect will be better.
Folding cleaning
After drying, blow off the broken branches and leaves or flat particles with a fan, and then bag them.
Folding storage
Need a cool, dry, ventilated, rat-free place.