catalogue
1. Morphological characteristics
2. Distribution range
3. Planting techniques
4. shopping tips
5. Nutritional value
morphological character
Overall characteristics
The pulp of pineapple is milky white, and little red dot is evenly distributed on the surface, which is just the opposite of the situation that the red pulp of ordinary strawberry has black spots. After the Dutch fruit farmers began commercial planting, the fruit turned from green to white, and when the small seeds were dark red, they were mature and edible. Most of them grow in the south, especially in Hanzhong, southern Shaanxi.
Contrastive characteristics
Pineapple berries are smaller than ordinary red strawberries, and the size is 15 to 23 mm. When the fruit gradually turns from turquoise to milky white and the seeds on the surface of the fruit turn deep red, the pineapple berries reach a mature state and can be eaten. This particularly white pineapple is made up of white factors.
distribution range
World distribution
Pineapple is native to South America. It was originally a wild berry.
In 2003, it was brought to Europe by Dutch fruit farmers for commercial planting and sales, which opened up a successful market for it and was once on the verge of extinction.
China distribution
There are many such wild white strawberries in Xiaohua Mountain, Huashan Gully, Nanzheng Xinji, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China, commonly known as "Bai Bao II" (year, pāo), which is actually not a pineapple, but a kind of wild white strawberry. It is produced in many places in Hanzhong, Shaanxi. There is a local saying that red varieties are not edible. It is said that red is dyed with snake venom. Whether there is a basis is unknown. Kangxian County, Longnan, Gansu Province also produces (red, white and green), and the locals call it Piao. They are all wild, and the mature season is from mid-May to early June every year.
Yuexi County, Liangshan, Sichuan, is full of mountains, ridges and slopes. Sichuan Yingjing has also been found, which is called: white ground bubble, sweet and slightly sour; Wild, common at an altitude of about 900 meters, mostly growing in the grassland near the field; However, with the returning farmland to forests, this situation is rare. Changning, Yunnan, is commonly known as wine and fruit mandarin fish.
Planting technique
Suitable for farming
Pineapple berries need to be cultivated in a glass greenhouse. When the fruit turns from green to white and the small particles on the surface are dark red, it means that it is ripe and edible. Indoor balconies in front of the house and behind the house can be cultivated. You can eat fresh fruits and beautify the environment. Its planting method can refer to the open field cultivation method.
The output is not high
Pineapple plants are disease-resistant, but due to small farmers' cultivation, small berries and greenhouse cultivation, the yield is low and the income is not great. Soil preparation skills
1. field selection
A field that has not been planted with strawberries for many years is selected as Honda for the production of pineapple berries in greenhouse.
2. Base fertilizer
Apply enough organic base fertilizer in the field. About one month before planting, apply 1500 ~ 2000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer every 667 square meters, and plough and rake more.
make the bed
Choose sunny days about 10 days before planting, and make the border under the condition of good soil fertility. Before construction, 50 kg of imported ternary compound fertilizer and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate were applied as surface fertilizers, and phoxim granules 10 kg were applied every 667 square meters to control underground pests such as grubs. The boundary is in the north-south direction (parallel to the greenhouse square), and each greenhouse has 7 boundaries. The width of each of the five middle borders is 40-45 cm, and each border is planted with 2 rows. The width of the next two borders is 15-20 cm, and each border is planted with 65438. The height of each ridge is 30 ~ 35cm, and the depth of furrow is about 30 ~ 35cm.
Colonial technology
1. Seedling raising
Water the nursery once before digging seedlings, bring the soil well, and minimize root damage. Seedlings should be planted in different sheds according to their size. If the seedlings are raised in nutrient pots, the plastic pots should be removed when planting, and the survival rate is higher.
2. Planting density
The planting spacing in the greenhouse is about 20 cm, and each greenhouse 1800 ~ 2000 plants, with 667 square meters of 6000 ~ 7000 plants.
3. Directional planting
In order to facilitate management, directional planting can reduce diseases and improve fruit quality. Plant two rows in each of the five middle borders, and plant them on both sides as far as possible (the row spacing is controlled at about 30 cm) to ensure that the bow of pineapple seedlings faces the outside of the borders. The two flower beds on both sides of the greenhouse are planted in a single row.
4. Planting depth
The planting depth must be moderate. The base of the new stem must be buried in the soil to facilitate the generation of new roots, but the heart of the seedling (the stipule part of the slightly outer leaf) cannot be buried in the soil.
detailed administration regulations
Water the roots immediately after planting to stabilize them, and they can survive for about 10 days. Combined with weeding, loosen the soil between plants, often remove dead leaves, old leaves and diseased leaves, and do a good job of replanting seedlings in time.
1. Laying black plastic film
Laying black plastic film can keep soil moisture, inhibit the growth of weeds, reduce the air temperature in the greenhouse, isolate the contact between strawberry fruit and soil, reduce diseases, and keep the fruit bright, clean and hygienic. The laying time of black plastic film is generally in the middle and late June of 65438+ 10. At this time, all pineapples have survived, and weeding, loosening soil, bacon and replanting have been initially completed. The laying method is to cover the ridged plants with black plastic film, tear a hole in the plastic film when touching the seedlings, and then carefully take out the leaves. Be sure to expose the central leaf of the seedling, and the surrounding old leaves will press the edge of the plastic film hole on the plastic film to make it close to the ground.
2. Temperature and humidity control
Different periods of pineapple growth and development have different requirements for air temperature, which should be met as much as possible after warming in greenhouse. Because the fruits and flowers of pineapple cultivated in greenhouse are continuous and cross, it is generally not suitable to keep 24℃ ~ 28℃ during the day and 6℃ ~ 8℃ at night, and it is higher than 30℃ or lower than 5℃ after budding. The air humidity in the greenhouse is very high, especially in early morning or rainy weather, the relative humidity can reach 95 ~ 100%, which hinders flowering and pollination, easily breeds diseases, and causes serious gray mold and rotten fruit. Therefore, in addition to covering the ridge with black plastic film, straw should also be laid at the bottom of the ridge to prevent water from sowing immediately and stabilize the root system.
3. Workshop layout
After heat preservation, the growth of pineapple berry plants in greenhouse accelerated, and a large number of tillers and stolons germinated. If it is pulled out in time, it can increase the area of the main stem and leaf, make the terminal flower bud germinate in time, produce a strong terminal inflorescence, blossom early and bear good fruit. Generally, a strawberry can retain at most 1 ~ 2 strong tillers. Remove old, decaying and diseased leaves in time.
4. Gibberellin treatment
Generally, it will be carried out about 7 days after the plastic film is covered in the greenhouse (sunny day). The purpose of spraying gibberellin is mainly to solve the phenomena of weak growth, creeping dwarf, small leaves, short petiole and short peduncle of pineapple berries. Take Fengxiang as an example, the concentration is generally controlled at about 7PPM, and the dosage is 10 ~ 12kg solution per standard shed. When spraying, it should be carried out in sunny days. If the growth condition of the plant is not obviously improved after spraying, it can be sprayed again in the bud stage.
5. Top dressing
Top dressing of pineapple fruit in greenhouse is generally applied 2 ~ 3 times after planting live trees and before and after covering with black plastic film. Every shed (180m2) is watered with1~1.5kg of urea dissolved in about 500kg of water. In the future, according to the seedling potential, topdressing should be applied outside the roots, and 20 kg of 0.5% urea should be sprayed every 667 square meters.
Step 6 prevent black flowers
Black flowers will be formed after low temperature and freezing injury. If the bud encounters a low temperature of -20℃ 7-8 days before flowering, the stamens will be damaged, and the pistil will be frozen to form a black flower when it encounters a low temperature of -20℃ 3 days before flowering to a week after flowering. Therefore, before the arrival of severe cold, it is necessary to prepare for the inner shed and strengthen the heat preservation work. Keeping the lowest temperature in the shed at night at 3℃ ~ 5℃ can effectively reduce the formation of black flowers.
shopping tips
Attention should be paid to the selection of pineapple berries: look at the small red pineapple berries with uniform appearance and surface, and you can't buy pineapple berries that are too big and too watery; Don't buy deformed pineapples that look strange. Some pineapples are bright in color, big in size, with deformed protrusions on the particles, and hollow in the middle when bitten. This deformed raspberry is often caused by hormone abuse during planting. Long-term consumption in large quantities may endanger human health, especially pregnant women and children. When you can't eat deformed pineapple, you should try to choose fresh white pineapple wine with uniform brewing method and bright color. It is not advisable to buy fruits that are not completely white or half white and half green. Look at the bright green surface of stems and leaves, fine fluff, bright surface, no damage and decay of pineapple is a good pineapple.
nutritive value
1, pineapple berries contain a substance called bromelain, which can decompose protein.
2. It contains fructose, sucrose, citric acid, malic acid, salicylic acid, amino acids and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron.
3. It contains a variety of vitamins, especially vitamin C, which is 60 mg per 100 g of pineapple and strawberry.
It contains pectin and rich dietary fiber.
5, the carotene it contains is an important substance for synthesizing vitamin A.