In the fourth year of the Song Taipingxingguo, the Song army was defeated by the Liao army at the Gaoliang River in an attempt to seize Youzhou. In order to recapture the sixteen states ceded to the Khitan by Shi Jingtang during the post-Jin Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, Song Emperor Taizong turned to the Liao in an attempt to take advantage of the situation and capture Youzhou in one fell swoop, without rest or preparation. When Emperor Jingzong of the Liao Dynasty learned that Youzhou was under siege, he summoned Jing Ke for reinforcements. The Liao army rallied and counterattacked, and the Song army was attacked on three sides. There was chaos and the whole line was routed. With only 10,000 dead, Song Taizong fled in a donkey cart. The Liao army chased him to Zhuozhou to Naiji. This war was the first direct conversation between the Liao Dynasty and the battlefield, and was an important war at the end of the period. This war ended the unification of the Song Dynasty and began to put it at a military disadvantage. In this battle, the Liao army gave full play to its cavalry advantage, reinforced from afar, turned passive into active, and dealt a heavy blow to the Song army; the Song army underestimated itself and lost its first battle, which negatively impacted future wars with the Liao. Background: After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty in May 979 AD, Song and Liao were in direct confrontation with Song Taizong and Zhao Guangyi. The line of contact between the two sides generally started in the east at the Dagu Pass in Tianjin, followed Xin west to Anjun, Bazhou, and Rongcheng, then turned northwest to the south to Hufei and Lingqiu, and reached Yanmen and Daizhou. To the north of this line was the Youyun district controlled by the Liao. At that time, it was used to call the seven states of Tan, Shun, Ji, You, Zhu, Mo and Ying located in the southeast of the northern foothills of the Taihang Mountains, the sixteen states in the Youyun Mountains as the front of the mountains, and the nine states of Ru, Gui, Wu, Xin, Yun, Shuo, Huan, Ying and Dai in the northwest of the Taihang Mountains as the back of the mountains. Liao attached great importance to this region, especially Youzhou. In addition to sending the prime minister, Nanjing left Han Dejian, general Luno Xie Hazel led the defense of Youzhou, in the Song army attacked the Northern Han, but also added the king of Beiting Luno Xida, general Xiao Dugu, Yi King Saha and other strengthened defense. On the basis of Sui and Tang Dynasty's Ji City, large-scale expansion of Youzhou made it a 36-mile, 3-feet-high, 1.5-feet-wide, 300,000-population capital city, a major military and political town. When the Song army annihilated the Northern Han, hundreds of thousands of troops were assembled in Taiyuan. Zhao Guangyi attempted to take advantage of this victory to seize the Youyun region. Liu Jiyuan of the Northern Han had already surrendered, and Song Taizong had turned his troops north of the city. However, breaking Taiyuan had not yet been rewarded by the three armies, and many soldiers were reluctant to do so, but no one dared to say so. Only Cui Han, the capital in front of the temple of Hou Yu, was in favor of winning the northern expedition, and when he captured it he was in a strong position. If you can don't lose it, its time. It is easy to capitalize on this trend of breaking bamboo. Hearing this, Zhao Guangyi was very happy and immediately ordered Cao Bin of the Tang Dynasty to mobilize troops from all over the country. At that time, most of the American generals of the Song army were much calmer than Zhao Guangyi. They gathered in the army of Yelu Xian of Daliao, who had insufficient food reserves. But Zhao Guangyi resisted and sent a letter to the military reserves of JD.COM and Hebei provinces to be shipped to the northern part of Zhenzhou for replenishment by a deadline. At that time, did the entourage of the Sixth Army arrive on time at the designated place to gather? Zhao Guangyi was furious and had to be dealt with according to military law. He was warned by his ministers. By this time, Liao America's defense of Yandi had been deployed. In March, when Han, Shanbu, and Yelu Sha saved the northern Han, they ordered Beiting King Lu Ye Xidi and Fangyi King Saha to lead the troops to guard Yan Among the Han soldiers stationed in Youzhou, Liao, were Xia

The Song army was advancing rapidly.On June 23, Zhao Guangyi Xiahou_'s army arrived in the southern part of Youzhou, and was stationed at Baoguang Temple. At that time, Liao Nanjing was the guardian of Han Dejean, who knew what Nanjing left behind, and Mabu Ma Ping knew the situation in Nanjing, instructed to let Luno learn ancient times. In addition, the Liao North Academy Wang Xidi rate of the army, leading the small and other troops stationed in the north of the city. Song army governor Fu Qian, Kong Shouzheng vanguard east and west class, patrol post of the north. They met the Liao army in Shahe and immediately engaged the vanguard. Hou Jin army soon arrived, and then the various armies gathered together, defeated Xidi, begged the ancient people and the king of Fang Yi to join the army. They captured many and took more than 500 alive. King Luno Xieli, king of the southern court of the Liao dynasty, was stationed at Shengshengkou. Seeing that the Song army, Xiahou_, was in full swing, he did not dare to clash with it directly, and he made use of Luno Xiedi In order to lure the enemy to Shengshengkou, he forged a green flag to hold back the defeated army. When Zhao Guangyi got the report about the investigation horse, he underestimated the enemy and the army continued to attack. The Song American army pursued the attack and beheaded more than a thousand soldiers. Xie Qiu took the opportunity to suddenly attack the rear of the Song army, which retreated and confronted Xie Qiu's army north of the Qingsha River. The defenders of Liaoning Nanking won this unity and their determination to hold out became stronger.On June 25, the Song army saw that Yelu Shilu's American army was understrength and that he was only guarding against risk. He could only support the enemy in Youzhou, so he left only one army to fight against them and led a siege of Youzhou. Our country appointed Song, Shang Shi for making Hou Zhaoyuan, led thousands of soldiers to attack the southeast of the city; Yanghe make Cui, river official Jiang Shoujun, led thousands of soldiers to attack the northwest; Changsu letter to make Liu Yu led the army to attack the northeast; Mengxuan Battle of the Schematic Wu Xiedu on the southwest of the Gaoliang attack. With Pan Mei's knowledge of Youzhou U.S. government affairs. Ye led the army of Bohai Shuai Da Lan Han to the Song Dynasty and made him the governor of Bohai. Thereafter, outside the city, the Song army surrendered to the Liao army defending the city in a number of ways, causing the city's population to have second thoughts. Later, his Commander Lin Tie led Li Zaru Village and his troops to surrender. Outside the original city, Liao Yuzhan and the Lang army studied the ancient laws and entered the city. He conspired with Han Dejang and others to defend the city, and the defenders settled down to defend the city.On June 26, Zhao Guangyi traveled from Baoguang Temple in the south to the north of the city. He personally supervised the people and attacked the Liao army at the Qingsha River. On the first day of the great battle, he killed a large number of men and won more than 300 horses. However, the Liao army held out against the danger.30 On the 30th, Zhao Guangyi again supervised the attack on the city. Three hundred men from the Song army ascended the city during the night, and they were captured by Yale's Ancient Warfare. Later, they discovered and blocked the tunnels dug by the Song, and they were on the defensive, waiting for reinforcements. At that time, the siege of Nanking, Liaoning, shook the far and near. Liu, the commander of Liaoning garrison, and Liu Shoun, the commander of Jizhou garrison, successively led their troops to surrender to the Song. on June 30, Emperor Jingzong of Liao heard that Nanjing was under siege. Although the armies of Luno Xidi, Xiao Qiugu and Luno Xilu were not defeated, they could not I could not help but support them. So, the Prime Minister of Funan, Yelu Sha, rushed to their rescue. His Terry Yan Yelu Hugo volunteered, and Lord Liao replaced Xidi with Huge. The Liao American army counterattacked the Song army at the Siege of Youzhou many of the soldiers were lazy and demoralized. On the sixth day of July, Yelusha's army arrived at Youzhou and Zhao Guangyi commanded all sides to attack. The two armies fought at Gaoliang River, and Yerusha of the Song army was defeated. However, at that time, the Song army continuously pounded Youzhou for nearly 20 days, and the soldiers had long been exhausted.

Zhao Guangyi Guan Gong was critically ill, and hastily found a donkey cart for Zhao Guangyi to pull, and fled southward as fast as he could. Ye Xiuge was seriously injured and unconscious, unable to ride a horse. He was carried around in a light vehicle, and orders were given to him to continue the pursuit. All the way to Zhuozhou, we got weapons, runes, provisions and money. after dawn on July 7, the Song army retreated to Zhao Guangyi, who first reached the outskirts of Zhuozhou city before the defeated Song army arrived. He bypassed Zhuozhou city and went straight to Jintaitun. Seeing that the army had not yet arrived, he dared to stop and watch. On the ninth day, when Zhao Guangyi was still in the army, he sent someone to spy. He then realized that the army was still based in Zhuozhou and had the intention of setting up Wang Dezhao - the county of Wugong of the crown prince of Taizu - and ordered Cui Han to send a letter to the troops. In order to guard against the invasion of Khitan, the order was given to send Cui Han and Dingwu Jiedu to canton troops in Dingzhou, Hanyang Jiedu Cui to canton troops in Guannan, and Yunzhou Observer Liu to unify the troops and Jiedu Li Hanqiong to canton troops in Zhenzhou. All the above armies were under Liu's command and had to scrimp and save. This was fine, but Zhao Guangyi simply handed the battle plan back to the generals and ordered them to get into the battle plan if the Khitan invaded. After the handover, he returned from Jintaitunan and left for Tokyo on July 28th. As a result, on the second day of the August campaign, Zhao Guangyi was disciplined for violating the law and demoted Shi Shoushouxin, the Xijing Liushou, to be the special envoy of my Chongxin army, and Liu Yu, the special envoy of my Zhangxin army, to be appointed as the special envoy of Suzhou observation. At the same time, because the northern expedition was unfavorable, even the reward from Taiyuan was waived. At that time, many people thought this would not work. Zhao Dezhao, the prince, went to protest and said, "We should give the reward to Taiyuan first, and then punish you for your illegal behavior in Youzhou. At that time, Emperor Taizong of Song was very angry, and he remembered that the generals had intended to make him emperor, but they had not been able to do so t found himself and said, This is not too late to repay you for being the son of heaven! Zhao was made to speak for himself, and returned to his private house and drew his sword to kill himself. The Liao army will be victorious and heavily rewarded. With the right to know Han Dejean, who stayed in Nanking, Nanking Horseback Horseback Army commanded to let Luno learn the ancient, and the third division of Li Kas, before he was able to sit and stabilize the hearts of the people, defending the city, and gave a letter of praise. In the past, Ye Rusha defeated Baimaling was offset by this victory over the Song army. Luno Siddi retreated when he met the enemy and returned fire with his sword. b chamber King Sah, though he retreated from the battle, his army did not fall into disorder and he was forgiven. The king's enemies died at the White Horse Ridge, and the first to flee under his command were all beheaded and all carried on the backs of the staffs below. The soldiers were then summoned to a banquet and rewarded. Evaluation of history Song Taizong wanted to rely on the opportunity of the Song army in the successive years of the southern campaign invincible, high morale of the soldiers, and borrowed the remnants of the Northern Han Dynasty in one fell swoop to recapture the old site of the rocky clouds, rebuild the defense line of China's northern defense, and further restoration of the Han regime to dominate the status of the four barbarians. This enterprising spirit is indisputable and good. However, good motives do not always lead to good results. The fiasco of the Song army at the Gaoliang River was not as simple as bad luck. Zhao Guangyi was overwhelmed by the victory of conquering Taiyuan and underestimated the strength of the Liao army and its large number of cavalry. With his troops depleted, he hastily marched out in an attempt to attack the Youzhou region with sudden action and superior strength. It stands to reason that such reckless and luckless speculation would eventually fail. From the point of view of combat guidance, the transfer of the Song army U.S. to Youzhou was only an attack in one direction, neither sending troops from the northern part of Youzhou to hold back the Liao army nor controlling a certain amount of reserve forces. It threw its main force into the battle at the very beginning, attempting to make a quick and instant success, making it impossible for them to undo any setbacks. Second, it underestimated your defense. Youzhou was a strategic location for the Liao, which would use

The Battle of the Gao Liang River as a major turning point in Liao-Song relations, leading directly to successive failures of the Song Li En Zen in later years, and even leading to an alliance with the Zen monastery. By now, Song was at a complete disadvantage to Liao, which directly affected its economy. Liao became a huge empire that ruled the Northern Song Dynasty and northern China until it was replaced by Jin. The Battle of Gaoliang River had far-reaching consequences.