1, of which food prices rose by 1.7% and non-food prices rose by 0.7%. Specifically, in 20021year, the price of pork decreased by 1 1.9%, the price of fresh vegetables increased by 7.8%, the price of eggs increased by 6.4%, the price of fruits increased by 5.4%, the price of grain increased by 2.8%, and the prices of beef and mutton increased by 2.6% and 2.3% respectively.
2. In terms of services, according to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the price of services rose by 0.6% in 20021year, of which the price of education, culture and entertainment rose by 2.4%, the price of medical care rose by 1.9% and the price of housing rose by 0.8%. In addition, some tourist attractions such as Disneyland have also raised the price of tickets.
3. In terms of energy, according to the data of the National Development and Reform Commission, the domestic refined oil price was raised by 14 times in 20021year, and the * * * plan was raised by about 30%. In addition, some international commodities such as iron ore, copper, zinc, etc. have also seen a significant increase.
4. In terms of assets, according to the data of the People's Bank of China, the real estate price index rose by 4.3% in 20021year, among which first-tier cities and second-tier cities rose by 5.6% and 5.2% respectively, and third-tier cities rose by 3.2%. In addition, some financial assets, such as stocks, funds and gold, have also risen to varying degrees.
There are many reasons why prices began to rise, mainly including the following aspects:
1. International commodity prices rose. Due to the global economic recovery, increasing demand, insufficient supply, the depreciation of the US dollar and other factors, the prices of some important commodities in the international market, such as oil, metals and food, have continued to rise. These commodities are important raw materials and costs of production and consumption in China, so they will directly or indirectly push up the price level in China.
2. Monetary policy is loose. In response to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, central banks of various countries have adopted quantitative easing, interest rate cuts, fiscal stimulus and other measures to increase the money supply and liquidity and stimulate economic growth. However, these policies will also lead to currency depreciation, inflation, asset bubbles and other problems, thus affecting the price level.
3. The imbalance between supply and demand. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the global transportation and supply chain have been seriously disrupted, resulting in insufficient or unstable supply of various commodities, especially some important necessities, such as food and medical supplies. At the same time, with the improvement of epidemic prevention and control situation, the demand of consumers is also constantly recovering and increasing, especially some high-end and rigid demands, such as automobiles and real estate. This has caused mismatch and seesaw at both ends of supply and demand, which in turn has pushed up commodity prices.
4. Economic transformation and upgrading. In recent years, China's economy is in a critical stage of transformation and upgrading, from the direction of scale and speed to the direction of quality and efficiency, from investment and export to consumption innovation. These changes mean that China's economic structure and development model are undergoing profound changes, which will also have an impact on the price level.
For example, with the upgrading of consumption and the improvement of environmental protection requirements, some high-quality and low-carbon goods will be more popular, and these goods are often more expensive; With the improvement of innovation ability and technical level, some emerging industries and fields will be more competitive and attractive, and these industries and fields often have higher costs.