Xiancao, also known as Mesona blume, belongs to panicum miliaceum and is widely distributed. The plant types of Xiancao are upright, semi-upright and creeping. The leaves are oval, oval, oblong, serrated, yellow-green, light green and dark green. The stems are square in color, such as green, lavender, deep purple, etc., and the length of the stems can reach about 1.5 meters. The growth period of Xiancao is from 140 days to 180 days. Xiancao likes to grow in warm and humid conditions and is more afraid of long-term drought. Between 15℃ and 35℃, it grows well, and it does not require much land. It can be planted in cold water pits, barren uphill land, in front of the house at the end of the field, and in the back of the house at the end of the field. It is best to choose fields with sufficient water, fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, or interplanting in sunny orchards or afforestation mountains to make effective use of the land. 1. Seedling raising time: Generally, in the middle of the lunar calendar 1 month, seedlings can be raised when the temperature starts to rise. Xiancao starts to grow slowly at 14 degrees, and grows normally above 20 degrees. At present, cuttings are generally used for seedling raising. Nursery beds with good drainage and deep and fertile soil layers should be selected. After deep ploughing and rough dressing, apply a thin layer of ripe organic fertilizer, and then further fine dressing, the surface soil must be fine, and there can be no big clods. So that when cutting, the soil can fully contact with Xiancao seedlings, and the land will be shaped into a rectangular border with a width of 1.5 m and a proper length. Generally, the amount of seedlings is calculated as 2,000 to 2,500 seedlings per mu, and the semi-ripe and tender Xiancao is selected as the cutting seedling. Cut the selected Xiancao into 8 to10cm long, and cut it on the whole seedbed side by side with leaves, with the spacing specification of 5 * 6cm and the cutting depth being two-thirds of the seedling length. After cutting, it should be watered in time, and when the temperature is low, it should be covered with white film (arched with bamboo pieces). According to the needs of planting time, the white film can be selected for temperature increase to promote the rapid growth of Xiancao and shorten the seedling period. When the temperature is high, the seedlings should be raised (generally suitable for seed-keeping). The seedlings of Xiancao should be cut after being dipped in mud, and then covered with a shade net for 5 to 10 days to prevent the new seedlings from drying in the sun, and watered and moisturized in time. One week after cutting, water and fertilizer 1 to 2 times, with the concentration of water and fertilizer of 1%, and ammonium bicarbonate: superphosphate: potassium chloride = 2:1:1,and the general seedling raising time is 15 to 30 days. When the new seedlings grow to/. Second, soil preparation: soil preparation is divided into coarse soil preparation and fine soil preparation. Rough soil preparation is to plow and dig the land with crop residues. Fine soil preparation is to break the surface of the rough land and make it into a border, that is, to make the land into a rectangular border with a width of 1.5 to 1.8 meters (depending on the width of the black plastic film) and a height of 30 cm and a proper length. When planting grass in black plastic film, we must apply sufficient basic fertilizer, including organic fertilizer 1000 to 3,000 kg per mu, phosphate fertilizer 100 to 200 kg, compound fertilizer 100 to 120 kg. After finishing the land, spread the fertilizer evenly on the surface of the soil layer. If the soil is too dry, water should be poured to moisten the soil. If you encounter a waterlogged field, you need to open the drainage ditch deeper, so that there is no water in the ditch after the rain stops. There is no special requirement for the thickness of black film, but the quality should be better to avoid premature weathering and excessive growth of weeds during the growth period of Xiancao. 3. Planting of Xiancao: When planting, you should first use a wooden stick to constructio n through the covered black plastic film or use a small hoe to dig holes in the plastic film. The constructio n spacing specification is 50 * 60cm, the depth is about10cm, and the caliber is about 5cm. After preparation, put the cultivated Xiancao seedlings into the holes, and the Xiancao seedlings should be planted with soil, so try to protect the soil at the roots when lifting the seedlings. The loosened soil should be pinched by hands, but not too hard to avoid damaging the roots of Xiancao seedlings. Root water should be applied immediately after planting. If dead seedlings are found, they should be replenished in time. Direct cutting in the field refers to cutting off 2 or 3 seedlings of Xiancao, and the cutting length is generally 15 to 20 cm. This method is relatively simple and labor-saving, but the disadvantage is that the survival rate depends on the weather. Direct cutting planting must be carried out in continuous rainy days, and it is also slow in early growth. And we should pay special attention to moisture retention and timely topdressing water and fertilizer for many times (the choice of water and fertilizer is the same as that of seedling raising). Fourth, field management: After planting Xiancao for one week, topdressing water and fertilizer should be carried out immediately (the choice of water and fertilizer is the same as that of seedling raising). Because the planting mouth is small, it is not conducive to water and fertilizer pouring. Before fertilization, the black film of each Xiancao planting mouth should be torn by hand, and the size is convenient for water and fertilizer pouring. Fertilization should be carried out on sunny or cloudy days. Xiancao is more afraid of long-term drought, so it should be watered in time to keep the soil moist. However, Xiancao is also afraid of long-term flooding, and its roots will rot after soaking for more than two days. After planting, special attention should be paid to drainage and drainage, and weeds should be sprayed with herbicides in time when weeds grow along the ditch. Artificial weeding should be carried out in time near Xiancao to prevent weeds from competing for too much nutrition and affecting the growth of Xiancao. There are few pests in Xiancao, mainly moth larvae eating leaves, so pesticides with low toxicity and residue should be selected for control. To find and deal with it in time, so as not to affect the growth of Xiancao due to pests. When the grass grows rapidly after planting for one month, it should be topdressing in a large area, 20 to 40 kilograms per mu at a time. Fertilization should be carried out when there is no water in the leaves of Xiancao on sunny and cloudy days, and the fertilizer should be lightly swept from the leaves of Xiancao to the ground with soft branches or brooms while spreading. If it doesn't rain for a few days after fertilization, it should be watered in time, and imported compound fertilizer is generally used for topdressing. The field management of Xiancao focuses on irrigation and drainage, fertilization, weeding and pest control, and only in time can the yield of Xiancao be improved. During the growth of Xiancao, weeding lasts the longest. When the grass grows rapidly to weed, the black plastic film near the grass can be gradually torn apart to make it bigger, which is beneficial to the growth of the grass and to prepare for large-scale topdressing. According to the planting situation of Paitan, the black plastic film will not be removed, but the black plastic film near Xiancao will be torn according to the growth needs of Xiancao when weeding, which can prevent weeds from growing too much and reduce weeding work. 5. Harvesting: It can be divided into direct sun drying and stuffy pile sun drying. The harvesting time of Xiancao is in July and August of the lunar calendar, when Xiancao is already mature and should be harvested before the buds grow. When harvesting, cut the grass flat with a sickle and discharge it in the ground to dry. When the sun is 70% to 80% dry or the weather changes, the fairy grass will be packed and transported home with bamboo strips, and then concentrated in threshing ground to dry. Rain can't be drenched in the drying process, which will make the leaves fall off and affect the quality and quality of Xiancao, and remove soil and impurities in the drying process. If Xiancao begins to show buds, there is still a large area that has not been harvested, and paclobutrazol can be sprayed to delay the flowering of Xiancao. If the weather changes and it rains for a long time, ventilation measures should be taken to pile up the grass, that is, bamboo or wooden sticks should be used to support the grass and make it pile up in the air, and the height of the pile should not be too high to avoid mildew and affect the quality. Dry-in-the-pile means to pile up the fairy grass when it is 70% to 80% dry, seal it with plastic film and dry it overnight, then open it and rub it with your hands to dry it. Make Xiancao keep its color bright and dark brown, and achieve high quality products. 6. Storage: The dried Xiancao should be stored in a dry and dark place. The good quality Xiancao leaves have a large proportion, high gum content, less impurities, no flowering, no mildew and strong grass flavor. The storage of Xiancao is very important, and it can't be mildewed, moth-eaten or damp, so the storage place should be dry and ventilated. The storeroom floor should be raised or covered with film to prevent damp, mildew and deterioration. Seven, seed: that is, in June and July of the lunar calendar, another batch of Xiancao is planted, and the method of seedling raising is the same as that of spring. But pay attention to the high temperature at this time, and pay attention to shading and moisturizing. When transplanted and left in the field, the density can be smaller and generally planted as 15*30 cm. Combined with comprehensive management such as weeding and fertilization after planting. Let it blossom in winter and stop harvesting. It can also be used to keep the perennial roots with growth ability for winter after harvesting, and weed and apply organic fertilizer after spring. In case of low temperature and frost, cover the film for heat preservation. The time of covering the white film is comprehensively determined according to the growth condition and temperature of Xiancao. When the temperature is too low and the growth of Xiancao is weak, it is necessary to extend the film covering time to promote the rapid growth of Xiancao, so as to prepare for the seedling raising of Xiancao.