1, general measures (1) When acute biliary colic occurs, fasting should be done, and intravenous nutrition can be supplemented. (2) After the chronic or acute attack is relieved, you can eat a light liquid diet or a low-fat, low-cholesterol and high-carbohydrate diet. The daily fat intake should be limited to less than 45g, mainly limiting animal fat, and adding a proper amount of vegetable oil (with cholagogic effect). Cholesterol should be limited to less than 300 mg per day. Carbohydrate should be guaranteed to be 300 ~ 30 grams per day. Protein should be moderate, too much can stimulate bile secretion, too little is not conducive to tissue repair. Dietotherapy (3) provides abundant water-soluble vitamins C and B vitamins, but fat-soluble vitamins A, E, K and carotenoids such as astaxanthin need bile secretion to participate in absorption, so it is necessary to supplement them appropriately according to the patient's recovery to avoid the deterioration of the patient's condition. If you really need to supplement fat-soluble vitamins A, E, K, carotenoids, etc., you should supplement them by intravenous injection. (4) Appropriate dietary fiber can stimulate intestinal peristalsis and prevent cholecystitis. (5) A large amount of drinks is beneficial to bile dilution, and1500 ~ 2000ml can be drunk every day. (6) A small amount of meals can repeatedly stimulate gallbladder contraction, promote bile excretion, and achieve the purpose of drainage. (7) Avoid irritating food and alcohol. (8) For reasonable cooking, cooking methods such as boiling, soft-burning, marinating, steaming, stewing, stewing and stewing should be adopted, and frying, frying and so on should be avoided. High-temperature oil contains cracking products such as acrolein, which can stimulate biliary tract and cause acute attack of biliary tract spasm. (9) Proper food temperature, too cold and too hot food are not conducive to bile excretion. 2. Food selection for cholecystitis (1) Choose fish, lean meat, milk, bean products and other foods with high quality protein and relatively low cholesterol content, and control the intake of food such as liver, kidney, brain or roe. (2) Ensure the supply of fresh vegetables and fruits. Green leafy vegetables can provide necessary vitamins and proper cellulose, and should be guaranteed. Foods such as yogurt, mountain plants and brown rice are also beneficial to patients. (3) Reduce the intake of animal fats, such as fat and animal fat, and appropriately increase the intake ratio of vegetable oils such as corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil and soybean oil. (4) Avoid spicy food such as pepper, curry and mustard, and avoid alcohol, coffee and strong tea. 1, dietary contraindications for patients with cholecystitis After eating, fat and gastric acid stimulate the small intestinal mucosa to produce cholecystokinin, which causes gallbladder contraction, discharges bile into the small intestine and participates in the digestion and absorption of fat. If the gallbladder bile duct mucosa is inflamed, the bile duct is blocked and bile is not discharged smoothly, the absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins will be affected. At the same time, the ratio of cholesterol to cholate in bile changes, and the concentration of cholesterol increases, which is easy to cause gallstone. After eating fat, the gallbladder contracts, and there is pain in the right upper abdomen, even severe pain and nausea. Therefore, patients with cholecystitis should limit the amount of oil they eat, limit it to 20 ~ 30 grams per day in acute phase and 50 ~ 60 grams per day for improvement, and avoid eating fat. The diet should be light and easy to digest, and avoid foods with strong irritation and crude fiber such as peppers, onions and radishes. Avoid eating less and eating more, eat less and eat more, and drink more soup to facilitate the secretion and discharge of bile sweat; Avoid gas-producing and odorous fruits and vegetables, so as not to aggravate abdominal distension. Patients with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis should not eat the following foods: eggs: they are flat in nature and sweet in taste. Although they have the functions of nourishing yin, moistening dryness and nourishing blood, people with gallbladder diseases should not eat them. Meng Wei, a food doctor in the Tang Dynasty, once said, "Chickens are fashionable and should not eat more." "Living with Interest Diet Spectrum" also says: "Eating too much to move wind and block qi, ... jaundice eggs, fullness and liver depression are all inedible." Modern medicine believes that eggs (especially egg yolk) contain extremely high cholesterol, and one of the factors that cause gallstones includes cholesterol metabolism disorder, so foods containing high cholesterol should be avoided. Except eggs, other poultry eggs, including duck eggs, goose eggs and quail eggs, should not be eaten more. Fat pork: it is flat in nature, sweet and salty, and can nourish yin and tonify deficiency, but people with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis should not eat it. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that gallbladder diseases are mostly caused by damp-heat blocking the liver and gallbladder. "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "Pork, if eaten more, will help heat and phlegm, and help wind and dampness". Especially fat pork, which is greasy and sticky, has a strong fat flavor, and people with gallbladder diseases should avoid eating it. Modern research believes that fat pork is a high-fat food, and the key to avoid eating for patients with cholecystitis and gallstones is to control fat food, otherwise excessive fat food will cause gallbladder contraction and pain. Pepper: hot in nature and pungent in taste. Ming Li Shizhen once said: "Pepper, which is pungent and hot, is pure yang, pungent and gas-moving, and heat helps fire. It smells thick." Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis are mostly positive heat syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine, so everything that is pungent and helpful to fire should be avoided, including pepper, pepper and cinnamon, and should not be taken. Modern medicine believes that spicy, hot and irritating foods such as pepper are most likely to cause strong contraction of gallbladder and induce biliary colic. Mutton: It is a warm tonic food. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous doctor in the Han Dynasty, once said: "Those who have a fever should not eat it." In Introduction to Medicine, it is also considered that "people who have phlegm and fire" should not be taken. Cholecystitis and gallstones are mostly caused by excessive damp-heat in gallbladder channels, and mutton is warm and tonic, so it is not suitable for eating. Chicken: it is warm and sweet, and it is fatty and stagnant. People with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis should not eat it, so as not to stimulate the gallbladder and cause biliary colic. 2, the connection between cholecystitis and hepatobiliary cleaning Cholecystitis is mostly chronic, and acute cholecystitis is mostly an acute attack of chronic cholecystitis. Patients with chronic cholecystitis often feel bloated or dull pain in the upper abdomen after meals, which is related to eating greasy and cold food. They often have dull pain under the right scapula, right costal rib or right waist, mild tenderness under the costal margin of the right upper abdomen, or discomfort. For chronic cholecystitis, only anti-inflammatory and cholagogic drugs can be used to control symptoms at present. But even if anti-inflammatory and cholagogic drugs are used, the improvement of symptoms may not be ideal, and acute attacks are inevitable. Cholecystitis with gallstones is common, and it is often suggested to remove the gallbladder surgically. But surgery is not an ideal treatment. Cholecystectomy is not complicated, but it is a hidden danger for you without gallbladder. The gallbladder is not as dispensable as the appendix. After cholecystectomy, the digestibility of fat is greatly affected. Many people are afraid to eat cold and fatty food because of diarrhea and other reactions, and their quality of life is greatly affected. In addition, most patients with cholecystitis will be complicated with hepatolithiasis. After cholecystectomy, stones still exist in the liver, which will cause the recurrence of stones at the surgical stump. If secondary choledocholithiasis occurs, it can also cause acute pancreatitis. The liver and gallbladder itself has a strong self-cleaning ability, which can excrete the metabolic waste every day according to the physiological rhythm. However, due to air and water pollution, pesticide residues, long-term medication, fast-paced life, drinking, entertainment, excessive intake of high protein and high fat, and factors such as staying up late, work and life pressure, which affect the ability of liver self-cleaning, more than 90% of adults in modern society have a lot of metabolic wastes left in their liver and gallbladder. Cholecystitis patients' gallbladder contractility decreased, which aggravated the residue of waste. In recent decades, people have realized that there is a certain relationship between dietary nutrition and cholecystitis and gallstones. Cholesterol stones are related to people's over-nutrition, while bile pigment stones are not unrelated to the lack of protein in food. The occurrence of bile pigment stones is also closely related to biliary ascariasis. Based on these understandings, attention should be paid to the following problems, which may play a certain role in preventing cholecystitis and gallstones. (1) Eating regularly (three meals a day) is the best way to prevent stones: because the gallbladder is full of bile when not eating, the gallbladder mucosa absorbs water to thicken the bile. At this time, cholesterol/lecithin vesicles are easy to form, and the viscosity of bile is also increased, and finally bile mud is formed. If you eat, when the food enters the duodenum, it reactively secretes gallbladder contraction hormone, which makes the gallbladder contract. At this time, a large amount of viscous bile containing bile mud is discharged into the intestine, thus preventing the formation of stones. (2) Proper nutrition and proper restriction of the contents of fat and cholesterol in the diet: The formation of cholesterol stones is related to the fact that bile contains a large amount of cholesterol. Eating too much, especially if there is more fat and cholesterol in food, will increase the concentration of cholesterol in bile and promote the formation of cholesterol stones. In recent years, people's life in our country has been greatly improved, and people's diet has gradually changed from "full of food and clothing" to eating well and eating essence, and the consumption of food such as fish, meat, poultry and eggs is increasing year by year. However, with the improvement of living standards, some "rich diseases" caused by eating too well and too much have been brought, such as obesity, coronary heart disease and gallstones. To prevent these "rich diseases", we should pay attention to moderate nutrition, especially not to eat too much cholesterol and animal fat. The so-called moderate nutrition is to limit the quality and quantity of people's diet, requiring the quality of diet to provide all kinds of nutrients in appropriate proportions, while the quantity of food is to maintain the normal life activities of the human body. According to the principle of moderate nutrition and referring to the current eating habits and consumption level of Chinese people, nutritionists in China put forward the following reasonable food composition per person per month: cereal 14kg, potato 3kg, bean 1kg, meat 1.5kg, fish 0.5kg and fruit 1kg. Of course, the above standards are only applicable to ordinary adults engaged in general activities. In addition, taking part in proper physical labor and physical exercise is also helpful to prevent overnutrition. (3) Ensure adequate intake of protein: protein is a necessary nutrient to maintain our health. According to research, the long-term insufficient intake of protein is related to the formation of bile pigment stones. Therefore, ensuring that there is enough protein in the diet will help to prevent the occurrence of cholelithiasis. In fact, with the development of China's economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the quality of protein in people's diet has been significantly improved, so the number of people suffering from bile pigment stones in China has a tendency to decrease. However, in some areas of China, especially in rural areas, bile pigment stones are still very common. (4) Pay attention to hygiene to prevent intestinal ascaris infection. Developing good hygiene habits, washing hands before and after meals, washing raw fruits and vegetables, and improving environmental hygiene are effective measures to prevent ascariasis, which is also very helpful to prevent gallstones. (5) Actively treat enteroascariasis and biliary ascariasis: After finding enteroascariasis, you should take anthelmintics in time to prevent the ascariasis from getting into the biliary tract. In case of biliary ascariasis, you should actively treat it to prevent the occurrence of bile pigment stones for a long time. (6) Maintain the contractile function of gallbladder and prevent long-term stagnation of bile: For patients who have been fasting for a long time and used intravenous nutrition, gallbladder contractile drugs, such as cholecystokinin, should be used regularly.