Chemotherapy is a treatment method that uses chemical drugs to kill tumor cells, inhibit the growth and reproduction of tumor cells and promote the differentiation of tumor cells. It is a systemic therapy with therapeutic effect on primary focus, metastatic focus and subclinical metastatic focus. However, chemotherapy not only kills tumor cells, but also kills normal cells and immune (drug-resistant) cells, so chemotherapy is a kind of "quick burn" treatment method (look closely at the "toxic and side effects of chemotherapy" chemotherapy program, especially for patients with advanced tumor or weak body, blind use of chemotherapy will not only lead to rapid deterioration of the condition, but also accelerate the death of patients. If comprehensive prevention and treatment can be carried out from the aspects of spirit, diet and Chinese medicine, satisfactory results can be achieved. Chemotherapy: drug treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, parasites and malignant tumors (chemotherapy for short).

2 How is chemotherapy given?

Chemotherapy-Chemotherapy Some chemotherapy drugs are taken in the form of tablets, some are intramuscular injection or subcutaneous injection, as well as intrathecal injection of spinal cord, and more commonly intravenous injection. Intravenous injection can be completed in a few minutes, or it can be placed in a large volume of liquid for several hours. Sometimes several drugs are used at the same time.

3 What type of chemotherapy is used?

It depends on the type of tumor, the spread distance and the overall health of the patient. Every patient is different, and the treatment for each patient is specially designed, which also shows that each patient's response to treatment is different.

Can chemotherapy cause pain?

Generally speaking, chemotherapy is painless, and some drugs will have a burning sensation when infused intravenously. If this happens, please tell the nurse or doctor immediately, because the medicine will damage the tissue around the vein when it leaks. Chemotherapy can often be carried out in outpatient clinics, and patients do not have to spend the night in hospitals.

How long does the treatment (chemotherapy) last

Chemotherapy is generally administered in one course of treatment, and the course of treatment can be interrupted to allow normal cells to recover. The intermission period is 1 week or several weeks, depending on the type of drug or the application of the drug. The number of courses depends on the type of treatment and the purpose of treatment (curing or controlling cancer). How do I know that intravenous infusion chemotherapy is effective?

Doctors need several months to judge the effect of your treatment. Patients should undergo physical examination, blood test and X-ray examination. You can ask your doctor about the test results and information to remind you of the progress of your illness. Generally speaking, people seldom mention side effects. Sometimes people think that if there are no side effects, drugs will have no effect. Or if there are side effects, this medicine is very effective. But the side effects are not necessarily the same for every patient, and whether there are side effects is usually not a signal of whether the treatment is effective or not.

Can other drugs be used during chemotherapy?

Some drugs will interfere with your chemotherapy effect. Before starting chemotherapy, show the doctor the list of drugs you use, including laxatives, cold medicines, painkillers and vitamins. Before starting the treatment, the doctor will tell you whether to stop taking these drugs. After starting treatment, taking any new drugs or stopping taking drugs must be checked by a doctor.

Can I go to work during chemotherapy?

Generally speaking, you can't go to work during chemotherapy, but you can do appropriate exercise according to your physical condition, such as walking and playing Tai Ji Chuan. You can also read newspapers and listen to music.

9 the origin of chemotherapy

After World War I, it was found that mustard gas could kill ordinary white blood cells, and it was believed that mustard gas could also kill mutant white blood cells that caused leukemia. Therefore, mustard gas is used as a "good medicine" to kill mutant white blood cells and other cancer cells. Although it was found that the symptoms of these patients after chemotherapy were very similar to those of soldiers who survived mustard gas, people continued to use chemotherapy. Side effects of chemotherapy in 10 cities after World War I

1. Weakness: Patients may have general fatigue, listlessness, hyperhidrosis, drowsiness, etc. 2. Decline of immune function: Chemotherapy drugs can damage the immune system of patients, leading to the loss or decline of immune function. Immune function indicators, such as E- rosette test, CH50, C3 complement, T cell subsets, NK cell activity, IL-II, etc. After chemotherapy, it can be decreased in different degrees compared with before chemotherapy. Most anti-tumor chemotherapy drugs have immunosuppressive effect on the arm infected by mustard gas. 3. Bone marrow suppression: Most chemotherapy drugs can cause bone marrow suppression, which is manifested by the decrease of white blood cells and platelets, and even the decrease of red blood cells and hemoglobin. 4. Digestive system diseases: loss of appetite, decreased food intake, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation. Many chemotherapy drugs cause the above symptoms by stimulating gastrointestinal mucosa. 5. Inflammatory reaction: fever, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, sores on the mouth and tongue, etc. 6. Cardiotoxicity: Some chemotherapy drugs can produce cardiotoxicity and damage myocardial cells, and patients have symptoms such as palpitation, chest tightness, precordial discomfort, shortness of breath, and even heart failure. Electrocardiogram can show T wave changes or S-T segment changes. 7. Nephrotoxicity: The high-dose use of some chemotherapy drugs can cause renal function damage, resulting in low back pain and renal discomfort. Leukocyte 8. Pulmonary fibrosis: cyclophosphamide, vincristine, bleomycin and so on. Can cause pulmonary fibrosis, chest X-ray can show lung texture thickening or cord-like changes. It is more dangerous and even life-threatening for patients with poor lung function in the past. 9. Phlebitis: Most chemotherapy drugs are administered by intravenous drip, which can cause different degrees of phlebitis. The color of diseased blood vessels turns dark red or dark yellow, and there is pain locally, which feels like a rope. In severe cases, it will lead to thrombophlebitis and blood flow obstruction. 10. Neurotoxicity: mainly refers to the damage of chemotherapy drugs to peripheral nerves, and patients may have numbness and numbness of limbs. Such as vincristine, vinblastine, vinblastine, vinorelbine, etc. There will be different degrees of neurotoxic side effects. 1 1. Hepatotoxicity: Almost all chemotherapy drugs can cause liver function damage, which can be mild or abnormal, and patients can feel discomfort in the liver area. It can even lead to toxic hepatitis. 12. Cystitis: ifosfamide, cantharidin, camptothecin, etc. It can lead to a series of symptoms of drug-induced cystitis, such as abdominal discomfort or pain, hematuria and so on.

1 1 chemotherapy and diet

How to increase appetite of cancer patients during chemotherapy? (1) Change recipes and cooking methods: A new food can stimulate appetite. For example, patients who often eat pork can eat fish, shrimp, crab, chicken and so on. And some turtles if possible. Changing cooking methods to make food have different colors and tastes can also increase appetite. However, no matter what kind of food it is, it must be cooked to a ripe degree in order to be digested and absorbed smoothly. Turtle (2) medicated diet for appetizing and invigorating spleen: ① Hawthorn diced: Hawthorn 100g, lean pig (or cow) 1000g, vegetable oil 250g, mushrooms, ginger, onion, pepper, cooking wine, monosodium glutamate and sugar. Slice the lean meat first, fry it in oil, then season it with hawthorn and cook it thoroughly. You can eat it. It can stimulate appetite and fight cancer. ② Huangqi Yam Decoction: Take 30g of Huangqi, add water for half an hour, remove residues, add 60g of Chinese yam slices, cook for 30 minutes, and add sugar (honey for constipation). Take/kloc-0 every morning and evening. Has the effects of invigorating qi, promoting blood circulation, stimulating appetite, and improving gastrointestinal absorption. (3) Eat more fresh vegetables and fruits with high vitamin content: This kind of food can not only increase resistance, but also increase appetite. Some patients think that cold food should be avoided, but fruits and vegetables should be treated as appropriate. You can eat vegetable juice and a small amount of digestible fruit early after operation, not too much at a time, and a small amount of meals. After the gastrointestinal function is basically restored, you can eat some light and refreshing cold vegetables and fruits, especially during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which has obvious appetizing effect. (4) Exchange of dietary experience between patients: The exchange of dietary experience between patients can not only learn from each other's strong points, but also help to stimulate appetite, which is very necessary for cancer patients. Nutrition of cancer patients: cancer is a wasting disease, and unbalanced nutrition and malnutrition are common among cancer patients. Therefore, stimulating appetite and strengthening nutrition are very important for the rehabilitation of cancer patients. In daily life, we should pay attention to reasonable nutrition, try to change the food as much as possible, eat more fruits and vegetables with high protein, multivitamins and low animal fat, do not eat stale or irritating winter silk, eat less smoked, roasted, salted, fried, salty and other foods, and match the staple food with the thickness to ensure a balanced nutrition. Sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty, each flavor has its special function. Acid can converge, promote fluid production and stimulate appetite; Sweetness can replenish the spleen and stomach; Bitter taste can drain and dry dampness, and a small amount can stimulate appetite; Spicy can also be appetizing; Salty can pass, soft and firm. Food is basically the above five flavors, or a mixture of several flavors. Patients in the recovery period of tumor should choose foods with certain anticancer components and functions of softening and resolving hard mass. There are many kinds of nutritious food, except rice, wheat, millet, soybean and so on. Chicken, sheep and beef are all qi-invigorating foods, which can be eaten by tumor patients with weak constitution. Duck, turtle, turtle, crucian carp and prostitute fish are all foods that can tonify spleen and strengthen spleen. Sea cucumber, jellyfish, abalone, kelp, water chestnut and water chestnut can soften and disperse hard lumps and eliminate "hard lumps". Edible mushrooms such as auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, Lentinus edodes and Flammulina velutipes all have certain anti-cancer effects. In particular, the nutritional value of Lentinus edodes exceeds that of all mushrooms. It contains seven essential amino acids, trace elements such as calcium, copper, iron and manganese, as well as a variety of sugars and enzymes, which can improve and enhance human immunity. Vegetables, melons and beans are rich in vitamins and trace elements, which have certain anti-cancer and anticancer effects. For example, soybeans, Chinese cabbage and Chinese cabbage are all rich in trace element molybdenum, while tomatoes, carrots, water spinach and jujube are rich in vitamins A, C and B, among which water spinach has the best nutrition and contains multiple vitamins, several times more than tomatoes. Garlic moss, leek, cauliflower and Chinese cabbage are not only rich in vitamins, but also contain indigo matrix, which can increase the activity of aromatic hydroxylase and resist the carcinogenic effect of chemical carcinogens. Chemotherapy recipes in the whole process of chemotherapy, without reasonable and sufficient nutritional protection, the treatment plan can not be implemented smoothly. Therefore, whether in the hospital or at home, diet care can not be ignored. The principle of choosing food is: a light diet with high calories, high vitamins and low fat. Paying attention to increasing tastes, such as sweetness and sourness, can stimulate appetite and reduce nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite caused by chemotherapy. Common foods: scrambled eggs with tomatoes, stewed lean meat with hawthorn, mutton soup with astragalus root and roasted beef with cordyceps sinensis. There are also fresh royal jelly, fungus, Hericium erinaceus, chicken gizzards and other foods, which not only replenish qi and blood, but also strengthen the spleen and stomach, reduce reactions and improve vigilance. But avoid that smell. In addition to paying attention to the dietary principles of chemotherapy patients, food supplements should also improve the curative effect according to the diagnosis of cancer and the reaction of patients. But avoid that smell. In addition to paying attention to the dietary principles of chemotherapy patients, we should also choose different diets according to the diagnosis of cancer, the patient's physique and the chemotherapy drugs used. The following are some foods for reference: (1) Although the sites of liver cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and intestinal cancer are different, the general chemotherapy schemes are similar. In addition to choosing foods commonly used by ordinary patients, Chinese medicine practitioners should also eat more products that nourish the liver and kidney and regulate the spleen and stomach, such as oranges, bergamot, coconut pomegranate, hawthorn, endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli, auricularia auricula, mushrooms, red beans, peppers, fresh ginger, herring, honey, carrots, tomatoes, purslane vegetables and sunflower seeds. (2) The treatment of patients with malignant lymphoma and leukemia mainly depends on high-dose combined chemotherapy, and the adverse drug reactions are great. In addition to the foods commonly used by the above-mentioned general patients, from the perspective of Chinese medicine, we should also eat more foods that benefit qi and nourish blood, replenish bones and produce marrow, such as apples, oranges, Siraitia grosvenorii, red dates, round fish, goose blood, milk, eggs, spinach, coriander, walnuts, pig bone marrow, bovine bone marrow, deer placenta and human placenta. Chemotherapy patients with extreme loss of appetite and frequent vomiting should be given intravenous nutrition or elemental diet in time to ensure the balance of water and electrolyte and the supply of nutrition. In order to ensure the daily food intake of chemotherapy patients, breakfast should be before 6: 00 a.m. and after 7: 00 p.m., and the time difference between administration and eating should be extended, which can reduce the reaction and promote food absorption. Chemotherapy is an effective means of tumor treatment, but almost all chemotherapy drugs will cause patients with varying degrees of loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and so on. , thus weakening the nutritional status of patients. A reasonable diet can prevent and reduce weight loss and malnutrition caused by treatment.

1. Before chemotherapy:

Balanced diet before chemotherapy, including cereals (rice and pasta), vegetables and fruits (about 600-800g), meat, poultry, eggs (about 50- 100g lean meat or chicken or fish, 1 egg), milk and bean products (a bag of milk, 50-1egg) Eat food with low fat, high carbohydrate, high vitamins and minerals the day before chemotherapy. Choose rice, pasta, fish, chicken, eggs, lean meat, tofu, vegetables and fruits.

2. In chemotherapy:

In the process of chemotherapy, because drugs kill tumor cells, it will inevitably cause some damage to normal cells, resulting in corresponding toxic and side effects, such as decreased immune function, leukopenia, digestive tract mucosal ulcer, hair loss and so on. At this time, patients should supplement high-protein foods, such as milk, lean meat, fish, animal liver, red dates, red beans and so on. Eriocheir sinensis, Monopterus albus, snakehead, beef, etc. It also helps to raise white blood cells. If you have poor appetite and indigestion, you can add foods that strengthen the spleen and stimulate appetite, such as hawthorn, white lentils, radish, mushrooms and dried tangerine peel. Nourishing yin and invigorating spleen porridge: it can relieve symptoms such as loss of appetite, dry mouth and fatigue during chemotherapy. The preparation method is to add 20 grams of longan, 20 grams of lotus seeds, 50 grams of yam, 50 grams of coix seed and japonica rice, and add water to cook porridge. Try not to eat your favorite food within 24 hours after chemotherapy, because it will affect your feeling about this food in the future. Dietary requirements are low fat, high carbohydrate and a small amount of high quality protein. The daily diet is mainly cereals, vegetables and fruits, supplemented by digestible chicken, fish and eggs, and protein powder (soybean or egg white) can be supplemented appropriately. Less oil. If the treatment response is heavy, the diet is mainly liquid. You can eat vegetable soup, rice soup, fruit juice and some elements. Chewing ginger has a certain antiemetic effect.

3. After chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy is the most advanced treatment method in tumor treatment in recent years. Chemotherapeutic drugs are often "unclear" and "indistinguishable from the enemy", killing both tumor cells and normal human cells. A large number of clinical practices have proved that high-dose radiotherapy and chemotherapy for patients in the middle and late stage, or chemotherapy for drug-resistant patients, can only lead to weaker life and accelerate the death of patients. It can often be seen in a large number of outpatient clinics that the death of patients is not caused by cancer itself, but by unscientific and inappropriate lethal treatment. For example, after multiple interventional treatments for liver cancer, liver failure such as ascites and jaundice occurred and died; Pleural effusion died of respiratory failure after chemotherapy for lung cancer; After chemotherapy for gastric cancer and intestinal cancer, nausea and vomiting make patients more tired and die. Leukocyte decline, patients died of infection, etc. For the treatment of advanced cancer, it is more important to relieve the pain, improve the quality of life, control the disease, and "strive for progress steadily" in order to obtain "long-term survival with tumor". Chinese herbal medicine with Taxus as the main component is the first choice for cancer treatment. Taxus chinensis is an endangered anticancer plant in the world. It is the only Chinese herbal medicine that can treat cancer in the world at present, and is praised as "the last line of defense for patients with advanced cancer" by world experts. The implication is that yew is the only hope and real life-saving straw for cancer patients. However, yew is very toxic. After taking it, it may cause serious toxic and side effects such as suppression of hematopoietic function of bone marrow and leukopenia, mainly manifested as dizziness, dilated pupils, nausea, vomiting, diffuse abdominal pain and myasthenia. In severe cases, bradycardia, cardiac arrest or death occur! It is safe and effective only if it is compatible with Chinese herbal medicines to eliminate its toxicity. Dietotherapy: Jujube, longan and wolfberry porridge: It has the effects of invigorating spleen and kidney, filling marrow and generating blood, and is suitable for patients with reduced hemogram after chemotherapy. The preparation method comprises boiling Fructus Jujubae 10, Arillus Longan15g, Fructus Lycii15g, Coicis Semen100g, and crystal sugar10g with water. If you are weak after chemotherapy, you should choose nutritious and digestible foods, such as soft rice, porridge, bread, steamed bread, steamed buns, fish, eggs, chicken, soup, potatoes, bananas and jam. Eat less and eat more. Ginger can be used to stimulate appetite. If you lose weight significantly, you can use an elemental diet. Use yogurt instead of milk to avoid flatulence. Proper exercise.

12 lack of chemotherapy;

(1) Chemotherapy has no distinguishing ability between cancer cells and normal cells. After repeated radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the patient's hair fell off, gastrointestinal dysfunction, persistent low fever, nausea and vomiting, and timely treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. Regulate the function of human viscera and improve immunity in time. (2) At the present level of science and technology, chemotherapy cannot cure any malignant tumor.