Bryophytes are born in humid environment, short and epiphytic on rocks, soil surfaces or trees; Although there are stems and leaves, the stems have no ducts and the leaves have no veins; Leaves are composed of monolayer cells, with only pseudoroots and no real roots; It doesn't bloom, so there are no seeds, so it can only reproduce by spores.

The main characteristics of pteridophytes:

1, with true roots, stems and leaves, and the roots, stems and leaves have dredging tissues and relatively developed mechanical tissues, so the plant is relatively tall.

2, the fertilization process is inseparable from boiling water, so most of them are suitable for living in a dark environment.

Seed plants: divided into gymnosperms and angiosperms. Gymnosperms-the seeds are bare and have no pericarp coating; Angiosperm-There are six organs: rhizome, leaf, flower, fruit and seed. The seed is not exposed, and the outer layer is covered with pericarp. They are the species with the highest rank, the most species, the widest distribution and the closest relationship with human beings in the plant kingdom.

The relationship between them shows that the evolution law of plant kingdom is from low to high, from aquatic to terrestrial.