1, leech farming
Whether the use of earth ponds in front of and behind the house, mud pits, or in the rivers and lakes, although there are a variety of ways of farming, but in summary, there are no more than two ways: that is, the field of rough farming and intensive intensive farming. Choose which kind of culture mode, should be based on the local actual situation, according to the local conditions. If the conditions are poor, you can use the field rough aquaculture; if the conditions are better, you can use the intensive intensive aquaculture, that is, to establish a high-standard breeding pool, to provide a better ecological environment for the growth and reproduction of leeches, and to obtain a higher yield per unit area through factory farming.
One, the field rough aquaculture
The field rough aquaculture is a kind of aquaculture way to utilize the natural conditions and protect the aquaculture area by circling it. Wild rough aquaculture, not regardless, but also by putting enough seed source, appropriate bait, and finally fishing. Generally, there are reservoir culture, pond culture, marshland culture, lake culture, river culture, depression culture and rice paddy culture. These ways of farming a larger area, sufficient light, rich in natural bait, small investment, large returns. However, the yield per unit area is low, not easy to manage, and it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of natural enemies, escape prevention, and changes in the rise and fall of the water level from time to time. The following is a brief introduction to two of the breeding methods.
(A) marsh breeding
Marsh is characterized by shallow water, lush aquatic plants, marsh bottom organic matter, humus content is more, plankton, aquatic animals are abundant. Therefore, leeches can be stocked as long as the fence is built. Observations should be made regularly and bait should be supplemented appropriately. When the density is too large, it should be caught at the right time.
(II) paddy farming
Paddy is characterized by shallow water, water temperature, and rice shade, from oxygen content to rich bait are suitable for the growth and reproduction of leeches. Therefore, there are different varieties of leeches growing in most of the paddy fields in China.
Rice paddy farming should choose a plot of land with convenient drainage and irrigation, sufficient water supply, water retention in the field and good fertility, surrounded by a fence circle. In the middle of the paddy field, according to the size of the plot, dig a pond or several ponds. Generally 100 square meters in the middle of digging a 1 square meter pond is appropriate, at the same time between ponds and ponds, as well as in the paddy field around the digging depth, width of about 30 cm each to protect the connecting ditch, so that the pool, ditch connected.
Two, intensive intensive farming
Intensive intensive farming is the use of artificial ponds, feeding bait scientific feeding management. Generally, there are fishpond culture, field culture, indoor culture, courtyard culture and factory constant temperature culture and so on. These farming methods have higher stocking density, relatively higher capital investment, and require fine feeding techniques. However, the output per unit area is more and the economic benefits are better.
(A) the physical properties of intensive farming
1. strong translucency, small fluctuations in the water layer because of shallow water, sunlight can be transmitted to the bottom of the pool, which is conducive to the healthy growth and development of plankton, aquatic plants and benthic plants. At the same time, because of the shallow water, the upper and lower layers of the water are basically uniform, only in the wind, temperature changes under the conditions of small fluctuations. It provides a good living environment for leeches.
2. The water color is variable and the water temperature changes seasonally. The color of the water often varies depending on the soil quality, water depth, type of fertilizer and the growth and reproduction of phytoplankton in the water. This is because the phytoplankton when the water was green, zooplankton when the water was yellow, humus when the water was brown or soy sauce color, large-scale growth of cyanobacteria when the water was green, ichthyophthirius reproduction of the water was yellow-green, ciliate reproduction of the water was brown, water fleas appear in large quantities of the water body was red.
The water temperature is lowest in winter and gradually rises in spring, highest in summer and gradually falls in fall. In 1 year in May to September water temperature is higher, is suitable for leeches in natural conditions of growth and reproduction of the period. 1 day in the average temperature, the general water temperature is higher than the air temperature, the average temperature difference between the water temperature is lower than the air temperature, so that it seems to be the water temperature than the air temperature is relatively stable. During the day, the water temperature is often lower than the air temperature, while at night the water temperature is higher than the air temperature.
3. water body deterioration, the water issued by the corruption odor If you find that the water body has a special smell of decay, odor, it is said that the water body is contaminated, indicating that the bottom of the pool of organic matter such as leftover bait, plant and animal residues, feces, etc., the corruption of the generation of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other toxic gases. At this time, the water should be changed in a timely manner or inverted to clean up the pool, to prevent the leeches from dying in large numbers.
(B) the chemical nature of the intensive breeding
1. acidity and alkalinity (pH) acidity refers to the pH value of the water in the pond. Mainly free carbon dioxide in the water and carbonates between the ratio of changes. The magnitude of change is generally between 6.5 ~ 9.5. pH value between day and night there are cyclical changes: dawn, carbon dioxide content, the pH value of the water down (acid); daytime, carbon dioxide content is reduced, the pH value of the water to rise (alkaline). It has been proved that neutral water or weakly alkaline water favors the growth and development of leeches.
2. Dissolved gases Gases include oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and methane (methane). Generally more important is the content of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the water. When the oxygen content of the water is greater than O.7 mg / liter, leeches on the normal activities; when the dissolved oxygen in the water is less than 0.7 mg / liter, leeches will have to climb out of the water to the shore soil or grass. Breathing oxygen in the air. The content of these two gases in the pond is closely related to the diurnal variation of water temperature. One of the most oxygen-containing time is the afternoon, this is because the green plants in the water at this time photosynthesis is strong, consuming carbon dioxide, produced a large amount of oxygen. And dawn when the water oxygen content is the lowest, this is because the night plant photosynthesis basically stop, and the animals did not stop the consumption of oxygen and carbon dioxide exhalation.
3. Dissolved inorganic salts Inorganic salts include nitrates, phosphates, carbonates and silicates. The amount of these salts dissolved has a direct effect on the population of plankton as well as other plants and animals, and on the growth and reproduction of leeches.
2, leech breeding methods
One, the field rough casting natural spawning natural hatching breeding methods, this method of investment is less, the technical experience and management level of the requirements of the relatively low.
Two, artificial incubation high-density intensive breeding, that is, concentrated spawning artificial hatching. Seedlings hatch out to do the pre-seedling intensive breeding, after reaching a certain specification and then put into a large area of breeding pool culture.
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